Using the JPEG2000 image format for storage and access in biodiversity collections.

Using the JPEG2000 image format for storage and access in biodiversity collections. Chris Freeland Missouri Botanical Garden

Overview of JPEG2000
Wavelet-based compression
Different than JPEG
Decompress without extracting entire file
Proposed in 2000 to supercede JPEG
Hasn’t
Slow adoption in museums & libraries
Poor (no) native browser support
Few open source options
Faster adoption in medical imaging, other commercial applications

Parts of the format
Part 1 , Core coding system (JP2)
defines format; adopted as standard first.
Part 2 , Extensions
Part 3 , Motion JPEG 2000
Part 4 , Conformance
Part 5 , Reference software
Part 6 , Compound image file format (JPM)
Part 7 has been abandoned
Part 8 , Security (JPSEC)
Part 9 , Protocols and API (JPIP)
Part 10 , JP3D ( volumetric imaging )
Part 11 , JPWL ( wireless applications )
Part 12 , ISO Base Media File Format ( common w/ MPEG-4 )

Advantages of JPEG2000
Region extraction
Compression
Both lossless & lossy
Self-containedness
XML metadata + image
Multiple objects can be bundled together
Progressive Transmission
Lower quality at early load
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september08/chute/09chute.html

Region Extraction “ Give me x , y coordinates at z resolution.” 600ppi, 200MB TIF; encode to 100MB JP2 72ppi: 20KB JPG

“ How many books in a ___?”
2 Biblioburros; 4,800 books*
*http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/20/world/americas/20burro.html Luis Soriano, with Alpha and Beto
1 Biblioburro = 2,400 books
BHL to date = 9 Biblioburros!

Storage requirement for a digital Biblioburro
2,400 books / Biblioburro
(9,238,295 pages / 22,118 books in BHL) = 418 pages / book
1,002,437 pages / Biblioburro
Avg size of each image file
RAW/TIF: 24MB ; JP2: 2MB
Drive space needed / Biblioburro
TIF: 24TB ; JP2: 2TB
2,400 books 24 TB TIFs 2 TB JP2 = =

Self-containedness / metadata bundling
Not just an image, but an image, its content & its context
Adobe XMP
Dublin Core
Your own XML
TIF Headers & JPEG limit fields
Can describe more than just an image
A whole web site

Barriers for adoption
Lack of affordable, scalable serving options
Until recently, no open source server
Commercial options expensive
No native browser support
Safari does , but via QuickTime
But why??
PNG?
No motivation?
Community skepticism

Encoding Software
Commercial
Adobe Photoshop
LuraTech SDK
LizardTech
Non-Commercial
Kakadu
ImageMagik
IrfanView

Decoding & Serving
Commercial
LizardTech
Aware
LuraTech ICS
FSIV
Non-Commercial
Kakadu
GSIV
djatoka

Part 6: JPIP
Protocol and API for transmitting JP2
Designed for HTTP, but not restricted to that carrier
Don’t need a browser
Implementations are available, use is infrequent
HiRISE camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Current use of JP2 in BHL
Serve 85% (lossy) .jp2
LizardTech decoder
Tiled on the fly
Cached for performance
GSIV browser-based client viewer

LizardTech ExpressServer Browser GSIV.js www.biodiversitylibrary.org .jp2 .jpg Internet Archive /page/1274907 pageid: 1274907 BHLdb http://www.archive.org/download/mushroomsofameri00palm/.../mushroomsofameri00palm_0010.jp2 images.mobot.org A user requests Mushrooms of America, edible and poisonous , Plate X: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1274907 locate:

The Future: djatoka
Developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Research Library
Use of the ISO-standardized JPEG 2000 format [ 6 ] as the service format;
Java-based open source solution built around the Kakudu JPEG 2000 library;
Geared towards reuse through URI-addressability of all image disseminations including regions, rotations, and format transformations;
Provision of a consistent, guessable URI pattern for image disseminations based on the ANSI/NISO OpenURL standard [ 7 ];
Provision of an extensible service framework for image disseminations enabled by OCLC's Java OpenURL package ;
Availability of image disseminations in a range of image formats;
Availability of image disseminations for locally stored JPEG 2000 files, as well as for Web-accessible images in a variety of formats;
Configurable server-side, file-based caching;
Ajax-based client reference implementation, based on IIPImage JavaScript Viewer , which allows panning, zooming, and selecting the URI of the current view.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september08/chute/09chute.html

References
djatoka
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july08/buonora/07buonora.html
HUL: Page Image Compression for Mass Digitization
http:// preserve.harvard.edu/massdig/hul_study /
JP2 in Libraries and Archives
http://j2karclib.info/taxonomy/term/2
JPEG 2000 - a Practical Digital Preservation Standard?
http://www.dpconline.org/docs/reports/dpctw08-01.pdf
JPEG2000 site
http://www.jpeg.org/jpeg2000/

Contact
Chris Freeland
Missouri Botanical Garden
4344 Shaw Blvd.
St. Louis, MO 63110
[email_address]
http://www.chrisfreeland.com

Using the JPEG2000 image format for storage and access in biodiversity collections.

by Chris Freeland on Oct 24, 2008

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