Digital Libraries for Science: Botanicus & Biodiversity Heritage Library Chris Freeland Director of Bioinformatics, Missouri Botanical Garden Technical Director, BHL

Why scan old books? The cited half-life of publications in taxonomy is longer than in any other scientific discipline * * * The decay rate is longer than in any scientific discipline - Macro-economic case for open access, Tom Moritz

Botanicus.org

Workflow Selection Preparation Post Production (Re)publication Digitization Conservation

Selection process Title Protologues 5,455 Das Pflanzenreich … … 5,736 Species Plantarum 5,853 Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 7,578 Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 7,599 Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 9,833 Flora Brasiliensis 11,757 Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 12,695 Linnaea 13,548 Revisio Generum Plantarum 15,052 Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik…

Digitization process 6 Full time scanning technicians 3 Indus 5002 book scanners 1 Kodak i280 Sheet feed scanner

Demonstration: Connecting a name with its protologue

Citation resolver Vol. Title Part Page Year

How we make the connections From Tropicos: Store structured citation info, not free text Volume: 2 Issue: 4 Start Page: 358 *NOT*: 2(4): 358 Maintain authority files for bibliographic materials, including Botanicus TitleIDs From Botanicus: Detailed info for every page Knowledge of other identifiers for book Flexibility to accommodate multiple cataloging

From Tropicos:

Store structured citation info, not free text

Volume: 2

Issue: 4

Start Page: 358

*NOT*: 2(4): 358

Maintain authority files for bibliographic materials, including Botanicus TitleIDs

From Botanicus:

Detailed info for every page

Knowledge of other identifiers for book

Flexibility to accommodate multiple cataloging

Botanicus Progress To Date: 2,400 volumes 1 million pages … growing daily… Freely available at www.botanicus.org

2,400 volumes

1 million pages

… growing daily…

Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org

BHL Institutions Museums American Museum of Natural History (New York) Natural History Museum (London) Smithsonian Institution (Washington) The Field Museum (Chicago) Botanical Gardens Missouri Botanical Garden New York Botanical Garden Royal Botanic Garden, Kew Bioinformatics Institutes MBL/WHOI uBio.org University Libraries Botany Libraries, Harvard University Ernst Meyer Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University University of Illinois

Museums

American Museum of Natural History (New York)

Natural History Museum (London)

Smithsonian Institution (Washington)

The Field Museum (Chicago)

Botanical Gardens

Missouri Botanical Garden

New York Botanical Garden

Royal Botanic Garden, Kew

Bioinformatics Institutes

MBL/WHOI

uBio.org

University Libraries

Botany Libraries, Harvard University

Ernst Meyer Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University

University of Illinois

Scanning Operations BHL uses scanning centers established by Internet Archive for mass scanning. Some partner libraries also scan in-house. Want to expand international footprint: mirrored content ingest from global data providers Locations of BHL/IA Scanning Centers

BHL uses scanning centers established by Internet Archive for mass scanning.

Some partner libraries also scan in-house.

Want to expand international footprint:

mirrored content

ingest from global data providers

BHL Progress To Date: Nearing: 24,000 volumes 10 million pages … growing daily… Freely available at www.biodiversitylibrary.org

Nearing:

24,000 volumes

10 million pages

… growing daily…

Open Access Literature Flora de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Publisher: Buenos Aires :M. Biedma è Hijo,1905. PDF OCR XML JP2

Name Finding via TaxonFinder

Raw Image Converted to text via OCR Name finding via TaxonFinder Extract names Submit to NameBank SOAP response Name Finding in action with Taxonomic Intelligence…

BHL Name Finding Stats to date * Have mined more than 30 million name string occurrences 4.4 million unique More than 23.7 million name strings verified by NameBank 1.2 million unique *17 November 2008

Have mined more than 30 million name string occurrences

4.4 million unique

More than 23.7 million name strings verified by NameBank

1.2 million unique

BHL & JSTOR Complementary efforts Preservation & distribution of scholarly content Yet distinct BHL has thousands of monographs Rare materials Content selected specifically for taxonomists & parataxonomists All BHL content is open access For now, BHL is focused on legacy content; JSTOR on contemporary

Complementary efforts

Preservation & distribution of scholarly content

Yet distinct

BHL has thousands of monographs

Rare materials

Content selected specifically for taxonomists & parataxonomists

All BHL content is open access

For now, BHL is focused on legacy content; JSTOR on contemporary

How can BHL enrich LAPI? Links to: Protologues All occurrences of a name Historic texts Illustrations & maps

Links to:

Protologues

All occurrences of a name

Historic texts

Illustrations & maps

Contact Chris Freeland 4344 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110 [email_address] http:// www.botanicus.org http:// www.biodiversitylibrary.org

Chris Freeland

4344 Shaw Blvd.

St. Louis, MO 63110

[email_address]

http:// www.botanicus.org

http:// www.biodiversitylibrary.org