BHL: Assigning DOIs & Other Identifiers to Legacy Literature

10.5962/BHL:)tle.24947 10.5962/bhl.)tle.5 5 4 9 5 A S S I G N I N G / b h l . ) t l e . 3 5 1 8 2 10. 5962/b h l . DOIs .16580 & 10. 5962/bhl.)tle. OTHER/IDENTIFIERS .20698 10.5962/bhl.)tle. TO 10.5962/bhl.)tle.34905 10.LEGACY.LITERATURE10.5962 / b h l . ) t l e . 1 7 4 9 7 1 0 . 5 9 6 2 / b h l . ) t l e .3 8 1 8 2 1 0 . 5 9 6 2 / b h l . ) t l e . 3 7 0 5 8 Chris F reeland @chrisfreeland Technical Director, Biodiversity Heritage Library Director, Center for Biodiversity Informa)cs, Missouri Botanical Garden

About Biodiversity Heritage Library •  Interna)onal consor)um of the world’s leading natural history libraries •  Funded to digi)ze books & journals in the public domain @BioDivLibrary

Purpose of exercise •  Make legacy scien)ﬁc literature citable via modern systems –  Make 250+ years of scholarly communica)ons available via new tools •  Assign contemporary iden)ﬁers to legacy literature –  DOI –  ISBN –  ISSN Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

Iden)fy the Iden)fiers •  Digital Object Iden)fier (DOI) –  Resolvable iden)fier for a digital object –  Register through an agency: CrossRef is popular •  Provides cita)on metrics, reference linking –  Co$t •  Interna)onal Standard Book Number (ISBN) –  US Agency for registra)on: Bowker –  Co$t •  Interna)onal Standard Serial Number (ISSN) –  US assignments: Library of Congress –  Free Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

DOI, ISBN, ISSN, ei, ei,…uh oh… •  Ran into trouble with each agency –  BHL isn’t a publisher –  BHL is a consor)um, not a separate legal en)ty –  BHL doesn’t own all the content it serves –  “We know we need a policy on that…” …and on…and on…for more than 3 years… CrossRef DOIs: path of least resistance Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

Challenge: Title Matching for Uniqueness •  Only want 1 DOI per intellectual, citable unit •  Differences between cataloging & publishing –  Libraries: <datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4"> <subfield code="a">The amoebae living in man;</subfield> <subfield code="b">a zoological monograph,</subfield> <subfield code="c">by Clifford Dobell.</subfield> </datafield> –  Publishers: <)tle>The amoebae living in man; a zoological monograph</)tle> Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

Challenge: Monographs/Series/Monographic Series •  “Report on the Rhynchota collected by the Wollaston Expedi)on in Dutch New Guinea” –  Published in 1914 –  Bound & catalogued as a monograph –  Scanned as a monograph –  Assigned a DOI as a monograph in BHL: hqp://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.)tle.13791 •  Transac)ons of the Zoological Society of London, vol. 20, pt. 11. –  Presented by current publisher of that )tle as an ar)cle –  Assigned a DOI as a journal ar)cle: hqp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-‐7998.1912.tb07839x Guess who provides free access? Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

Challenge: Ownership of Backﬁles •  Who owns public domain works? –  Some publishers consider they have ownership of backﬁles for journals they currently publish •  Long running series in natural history •  Cur$s’s Botanical Magazine, since 1787 •  Those publishers assign DOIs to their current volumes •  BHL assigns DOIs to the public domain works we’ve digi)zed Guess who is upset? Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

BHL DOIs in Use

Linked Data •  CrossRef DOIs are available as Linked Data, announced April 2011: –  hqp://www.crossref.org/CrossTech/2011/04/ content_nego)a)on_for_crossr.html •  Awesome! :) •  But I couldn’t get it to work :( Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

So I asked Twiqer for help… •  Any #lodlam #LOD ppl interested in taking a look at open #bhlib data? hqp://t.co/is1a2dUl Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

…and Twiqer responded @cajunjoel •  @chrisfreeland I poked at making this work, but my results were not encouraging. See the comment on your blog post for details. @asaletourneau: •  @chrisfreeland Got this ht.ly/8zTuk using morph.talis.com awer conver)ng BibTEX to RDF using ht.ly/8zTxq Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

I also asked CrossRef support •  Turns out it’s a bug! •  CrossRef DOI API wasn’t returning results for ISBN-‐less books –  And remember, we don’t have those because of the ugly problems •  We iden)ﬁed & resolved a problem via Twiqer! –  Crowdsourcing #FTW! @cajunjoel –  Talk about #lod bringing people together! @asaletourneau •  And all because of this panel Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

And then a dash of reality @rdmpage •  “…why bother with linked data? Obviously I know the stock answer, but the reality is that most "linked data" isnt linked.…CrossRef RDF for an ar)cle the only external link (eventually) is to hqp:// periodicals.dataincubator.org/ via the ISSN. Author names have arbitrary, non-‐resolvable URIs. So eﬀec)vely the data is a silo. Linked data, yes, RDF, yes, but s)ll a silo.” Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

Takeaway •  Assigning modern iden)fiers to legacy content is challenging –  “We know we need a policy on that…” –  Benefits are there, but may be slow to realize •  Working with an agency like CrossRef has its advantages –  Support –  Tech advances: they flip a switch, instaLOD –  Disadvantages: Co$t, may s)ll need custom solu)ons for emerging technologies •  Linked Data is conceptually promising, but fraught with uncertainty in produc)on systems Freeland. ALA Midwinter. 21 Jan 2012. @chrisfreeland #bhlib #alamw12

10.5962/bhl.)tle.24947 10.5962/bhl.)tle.55495 10.5962/bhl.)tle.35182 10.5962/bhl . ) t l e . 1 6 5 8 0 T H A N K / b h l . ) t l e . 2 0 6 9 8 10.5962/bhl.)tle.33773 10.5962/bhl.)tle.34905 10.5962/YOU.)tle.17497 10.5962/bhl.)tle.3818210.5962/bhl.)tle.37058 10.5962/bhl.)tle.29660 10.5962/bhl.)tle.4 2 4 5 8 1 0 . 5 9 6 2 / b h l . ) t l e . 3 3 2 6 1 Chris Freeland @chrisfreeland Technical Director, Biodiversity Heritage Library Director, Center for Biodiversity Informa)cs, Missouri Botanical Garden

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BHL: Assigning DOIs & Other Identifiers to Legacy Literature

by Chris Freeland

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