Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, LEED AP President EMO Energy Solutions, LLC www.emoenergy.com March 3, 2009

Energy Efficiency Overview US Dept of Energy CBECS

An analysis of office buildings that have earned the Energy Star label show that they cost $1.20 per sq ft to operate, compared with an average U.S. office building that operates at about $2.00 per sq ft. Savings of $160,000/year for 200,000 ft 2 office building Most packaged Energy Upgrades will have a Simple payback of 4-6 years for the investment cost Equivalent to a 20% IRR

An analysis of office buildings that have earned the Energy Star label show that they cost $1.20 per sq ft to operate, compared with an average U.S. office building that operates at about $2.00 per sq ft.

Savings of $160,000/year for 200,000 ft 2 office building

Most packaged Energy Upgrades will have a Simple payback of 4-6 years for the investment cost

Equivalent to a 20% IRR

Inside the meter…

For Design of New Buildings- Energy Modeling Tool for smart, energy efficient design Predicts energy consumption of building every hour Uses basic engineering/heat flow/power equations Conduction through walls/roof Solar gain through windows Calculation of all internal heat gains Thermal mass/time lag

Tool for smart, energy efficient design

Predicts energy consumption of building every hour

Uses basic engineering/heat flow/power equations

Conduction through walls/roof

Solar gain through windows

Calculation of all internal heat gains

Thermal mass/time lag

For Existing Buildings – Perform an Energy Audit Utility Consumption analysis Energy survey by qualified professionals Identification of opportunities Development of Energy Conservation Measures and Audit Report Life Cycle Costs and Benefits Energy Awareness presentation

Utility Consumption analysis

Energy survey by qualified professionals

Identification of opportunities

Development of Energy Conservation Measures and Audit Report

Life Cycle Costs and Benefits

Energy Awareness presentation

Walk-through versus full-scale audit Comprehensive energy assessment Performed by a qualified energy service provider Monitor and measure Air temperatures Water flow rates and temperatures Electric demand of mechanical equipment Run times of lighting Assess O&M strategies, interview maintenance staff Develop detailed energy conservation measures Onsite renewable energy opportunities Detailed cost/savings estimates for improvements

Walk-through versus full-scale audit

Comprehensive energy assessment

Performed by a qualified energy service provider

Monitor and measure

Air temperatures

Water flow rates and temperatures

Electric demand of mechanical equipment

Run times of lighting

Assess O&M strategies, interview maintenance staff

Develop detailed energy conservation measures

Onsite renewable energy opportunities

Detailed cost/savings estimates for improvements

Develop Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Three-stage upgrade process Stage 1: Minimize Building Loads Stage 2: Improve System Effectiveness Stage 3: Optimize Resource Delivery

Three-stage upgrade process

Stage 1: Minimize Building Loads

Stage 2: Improve System Effectiveness

Stage 3: Optimize Resource Delivery

1. Minimize Building Loads This Includes: Improve building envelope (R-value, heat gain/loss) Reduce Internal Heat Gains Lighting power density (W/sqft) & usage Equipment power density (W/sqft) & usage Reduce Infiltration

This Includes:

Improve building envelope (R-value, heat gain/loss)

Reduce Internal Heat Gains

Lighting power density (W/sqft) & usage

Equipment power density (W/sqft) & usage

Reduce Infiltration

2. Improve System Effectiveness Air Distribution Cooling Heating Heat Recovery Direct Digital Controls Electrical Systems Service Hot Water Process Systems

Air Distribution

Cooling

Heating

Heat Recovery

Direct Digital Controls

Electrical Systems

Service Hot Water

Process Systems

3. Optimize Resource Delivery Incorporate renewable energy technologies Incorporate energy storage techniques Investigate cogeneration

Incorporate renewable energy technologies

Incorporate energy storage techniques

Investigate cogeneration

Building Envelope Improve Wall & Roof Construction Insulation levels Surface absorption Thermal mass Improve Windows Double Glazing or storm windows Low-e coatings Spectrally selective coatings Utilize shading techniques Block solar penetration during the cooling season Allow solar gain during the heating season

Improve Wall & Roof Construction

Insulation levels

Surface absorption

Thermal mass

Improve Windows

Double Glazing or storm windows

Low-e coatings

Spectrally selective coatings

Utilize shading techniques

Block solar penetration during the cooling season

Allow solar gain during the heating season

Lighting Technology

Air Distribution Variable Air Volume Energy Savings Constant volume 1250 cfm 1250 cfm 1250 cfm Supply 3750 cfm Variable volume 450 cfm 1050 cfm 650 cfm Supply 2150 cfm SP VSD

Variable Air Volume Energy Savings

Cooling Spot, window, air-cooled – typically 1.0 – 1.5 kW/ton Chillers (30-tons +) Before 1990: 0.9 kW/ton 1990-1995: 0.7 – 0.9 kW/ton New HE: 0.4 - 0.6 kW/ton

Spot, window, air-cooled – typically 1.0 – 1.5 kW/ton

Chillers (30-tons +)

Before 1990: 0.9 kW/ton

1990-1995: 0.7 – 0.9 kW/ton

New HE: 0.4 - 0.6 kW/ton

Heating Standard existing : 60% efficient 40% wasted energy Standard new: 80% efficient Energy efficient: up to 95% efficiency Pulse condensing steam boilers Pre-heat combustion air Insulated tanks and pipes Efficient burners

Standard existing : 60% efficient 40% wasted energy

Standard new: 80% efficient

Energy efficient: up to 95% efficiency

Pulse condensing steam boilers

Pre-heat combustion air

Insulated tanks and pipes

Efficient burners

Ground Source Heat Pumps Closed loop pipes buried underground to transfer heat Water loop heat pumps provide cooling or heating inside the building 40% to 60% less energy than chiller/boiler system

Closed loop pipes buried underground to transfer heat

Water loop heat pumps

provide cooling or heating

inside the building

40% to 60% less energy

than chiller/boiler system

Heat Recovery Strategies Air/air heat exchangers Flat plate Enthalpy wheels Not to be used for lab exhaust Transfer heat & humidity between exhaust/supply Air/water heat exchangers Run-around coil loops No cross contamination Heat pipes

Air/air heat exchangers

Flat plate

Enthalpy wheels

Not to be used for lab exhaust

Transfer heat & humidity between exhaust/supply

Air/water heat exchangers

Run-around coil loops

No cross contamination

Heat pipes

Ways to Save Energy Unoccupied Settings Lighting schedules Chiller optimization “ Enthalpy Control” Boiler optimization Smart controls Enthalpy - measure of combination of temperature and humidity of air

Unoccupied Settings

Lighting schedules

Chiller optimization

“ Enthalpy Control”

Boiler optimization

Smart controls

www.emoenergy.com Solar cells are one of the most environmentally safe ways of generating electricity Installing a 1 kW photovoltaic system reduces CO 2 by over 2600 lbs annually Prices are expected to decrease significantly as manufacturing techniques improve Brand Power Output Warranty Retail Price System Cost Siemens Solar 63W per panel 25 years $436 / panel 30.1 cents/kWh BP Solar 75W per panel 20 years $499 / panel 34.2 cents/kWh AstroPower 75W per panel 20 years $400 / panel 29.7 cents/kWh

Solar cells are one of the most environmentally safe ways of generating electricity

Installing a 1 kW photovoltaic system reduces CO 2 by over 2600 lbs annually

Prices are expected to decrease significantly as manufacturing techniques improve

Wind Power Where is there good wind?

Where is there good wind?

Energy Tax Credits Solar and Wind power: 30% tax credit of installed costs (no limits in new bill) New building energy efficiency credit: $1.80/ft 2 if Whole building is 50% more efficient than basecase based on Energy Model Partial credits for building subsystems (Lighting, HVAC and Hot Water, or Building Shell) Existing building energy efficiency credit: $1.80/ft 2 if Lighting, or HVAC and Hot Water, or Building Shell is retrofit or replaced with a new system that is 50% more efficient than allowable by ASHRAE 90.1-2001. Lighting is retrofit or replaced with a new lighting system that is 25% more efficient than allowable by ASHRAE 90.1-2001.

Solar and Wind power:

30% tax credit of installed costs (no limits in new bill)

New building energy efficiency credit:

$1.80/ft 2 if Whole building is 50% more efficient than basecase based on Energy Model

Partial credits for building subsystems (Lighting, HVAC and Hot Water, or Building Shell)

Existing building energy efficiency credit:

$1.80/ft 2 if Lighting, or HVAC and Hot Water, or Building Shell is retrofit or replaced with a new system that is 50% more efficient than allowable by ASHRAE 90.1-2001.

Lighting is retrofit or replaced with a new lighting system that is 25% more efficient than allowable by ASHRAE 90.1-2001.

Existing Building Energy Upgrade Project * with tax credits Description First Cost Annual Savings Payback Lighting Upgrade $65,000 $21,000 3.1 yr Install programmable thermostats $12,000 $8,500 1.4 yr Chiller Replacement $95,000 $27,000 3.5 yr Improve Boiler Combustion efficiency $1,500 $2,000 0.8 yr Insulate hot water pipes $3,000 $500 6.0 yr Install door thresholds $450 $140 3.2 yr Install Variable Speed Drives on fans $24,500 $9,500 2.6 yr Replace standard efficiency motors for chilled water pumping $2,300 $550 6.2 yr * Install 10 kW photovoltaic array $40,000 $1,600 25.0 yr Total $243,750 $70,790 3.4 yr

Thank you! Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, LEED AP , President EMO Energy Solutions, LLC www.emoenergy.com

Eric Oliver, PE, CEM, LEED AP , President

EMO Energy Solutions, LLC

www.emoenergy.com