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Trauma Symptoms Inventory Presentation
- 1. Trauma Symptoms Inventory By John Briere PhD
- 2. Self Trauma Model Theoretical Orientation Briere studied complex & multiple traumas-observed in family abuses, accidents, disaster & torture. Memories are activated from both PTSD & traumatic memory triggers: pre-verbal or implicit memory (not coded in verbal memory) psychological neglect found in explicit memory-something that can literally be recalled Therapy requires relationship building enabling attachment needs Ex. Of symptoms assessed: hyper-vigilance, hyperarousal, emotional numbing, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks & nightmares.
- 3. TSI psychometric properties Using a CBT/psychodynamic theoretical orientation.. Created in 1995, this test was based on 836 individuals from both the general population and Naval recruits and obtained from the 1990 census. 2 age categories: 18-54, 55+ Separated by men/women respectively T scores 65+ are clinically significant
- 4. Suicidal ideation/behavior Substance abuse Psychosis And self mutilatory behavior that may require immediate attention Slated to identify potential problems with acute and chronic symptomatology
- 5. Anxious Arousal Tension Reduction Depression Dissociation Anger/irritability Behavior Intrusive Sexual Concerns Experiences Dysfunctional Defensive Sexual Behavior Avoidance Impaired Self- Reference 100 items identifying Trauma, Self, and Dysphoria Shorter version available without sexual trauma inventory
- 6. Using the Likert scale method.. Frequency of behavior is indicated by from (0)never to (3) often Raw scores are converted to age and gender T scores Scores greater or equal to 65 warrant further investigation ◦
- 7. Practical Considerations….. Test Administration… ◦ Length of test in terms of time-20 minutes Scoring–According to PAR, Inc, TSI is meant to evaluate for symptoms of PTSD and other acute psychological symptoms along that spectrum. ◦ 100-item test printed on carbonless, hand scoring sheet or with paper and pencil. ◦ Raw scores can be converted to T scores Interpretation ◦ Broken into test for men and for women ◦ Can be safely administered to anyone who reads at a 5th grade reading level
- 8. Type Rating Stats Min Max Avg Test/Retest Internal Consistency Inter Rater acceptable Cronbach’ .74 .91 .86 s Alpha Parallel/ Alternate forms Notes Standardization Sample … taken from NCTSN Reliability
- 9. Validity Not Not Non Clinical Diverse Type known Found clinical Samples Samples Samples Convergent/ Yes Yes concurrent Discriminant Yes Yes Yes Sensitive to Yes change Intervention Yes effects Longitudinal yes /Maturation Distinct yes Yes Yes group Sense Factorial Yes yes Yes Validity Validity
- 10. Validity Reliability Scales represent 3 Alpha reliabilities highly inter- range from .74 in correlated broad tension reduction factors: Self, Trauma behavior to .91 in & Dysphoria. depression. =.86 Evidence shows high Other comparable correlation with other values were found in measures of PTSD. a Naval recruit group, Evidence indicative college group, and that the TSI retains clinical group. particular information No further test/retest not contained in info is available other trauma tests according to the reports.
- 11. Content Validity Items selected-according to existing trauma literature, clinical experience and consultation with trauma experts Construct Not Not Non Clinical Diverse Validity known Found clinical Samples Samples Samples Criterion: Measures used as criterion Predictive Yes Yes Postdictive Yes Yes
- 12. John Briere created 100 question (1995) inventory called TSI to measure symptoms indicating trauma, self & dysphoria Symptoms: Anxious Arousal, Depression, Anger-irritability, Intrusive Experiences, Defensive Avoidance, Tension Reduction, Dissociation Behavior Sexual Concerns, Dysfunctional Sexual Behavior, Impaired Self-Reference PAR-test only takes 20 mins. Individuals - Mental Age 5-6 grades with paper & pencil Intended age: 18+; both genders Validity-Scales represent 3 highly inter- correlated broad factors: Self, Trauma & Dysphoria with other measures of PTSD & demonstrating info not contained in other trauma tests Reliability- Alpha reliabilities range from .74 - .91; =.86 (tension reduction to depression). Other comparable values: Naval recruit group, college group, clinical groups. John Briere’s Traumatic Stress Inventory
Editor's Notes
- John Briere-Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the Keck School of Medicine at USC and Director of the Psychological Trauma Program at the Department of Emergency Medicine of Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center. He previously served as president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) and among other things is designated as "Highly Cited Researcher" by the Institute for Scientific Information.
- Briere publishes for NCTSN (National Child Traumatic Stress Network)
- * There are slight score differences due to multicultural factors with Hispanics and African Americans scoring significantly higher than other racial groups and should be taken into consideration when scoring.
- It offers 3 validity scales which assess the tendency to deny symptoms, to over-endorse unusual or bizarre symptoms or inconsistent or random responses. Dysphoria…is a state where one feels anger, depression, etc.
- PAR-Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc
- * Sample taken from NCTSN stats **Cronbach’s Alpha
- IN a 1999 Canadian sample of college age women, they were able to distinguish between sexual and physical abuse and those NOT abused.
- Content Validity-says that the items that were selected were chosen according to existing trauma literature, experience and trauma expert info. Construct Validity demonstrated says that both clinical & Diverse samples were both predictive and postdictive.