V

1. ARENA ANIMATION - DILSUKHNAGAR
SPoKEN ENGLISH, COMMTJNICATION SKILLS ANd PERSONALIW DEVELOPMENT
NOUN _ NAN{ING WORD
Noun explanation examples
Common noun Name given in general Boy, girl, pen, tree..
Proper noun Name given in particular Sachin, Rita, Hyderabad. .
Collective noun Name given to a grotlp of same Team, fleet, army, crowd"
kind
Abstract noun Name given to feelings Happy, joy, cruel, sad..
PROPER NOUN _ RELATI]G / REPLACING WORD
Person Singular Plural
I I We
II You You
He
il She They
It
PERSONAL PRONOUNS TABLE
Singular Subject Object Possessive Mine Reflexive
Persons Gender Type Type Type Type
/ Plural Type
Singular Common I Me My Mine Myself
I
Plural Common We Us Our Ours Ourselves
Singular Common You You Your Yours Yourself
II
Plural Common You Yott Your Yours Yourselves
Masculin Him His His' Himself
He
Singular Feminine She Her Her Hers Herself
II
Neuter It It It's lts Itself
Themselve
PlLu'al Clonturon Ther Thern Their Theirs
S

2. ADJECTIVES _ DESCRIBING WORDS (Q{JAI,ITY AND
QUANTITY)
,4pp*:ariin** Appearance {}rndition Condition
dlontcj.
Cantd.
adorable -loving Handsome -dignified alive - living impossible - unacceptable
adventurous - daring homely -of home annoying - irritating inexpensive - cheap
aggressive - rash light - light bad - evil mnocent ._ not wrong
alert -attentive long * of distance better - high than good inquisitive - curious
attractive- pleasing magnificent - large beautiful - attractive modern - new
average -ordinary misfy *vague/tender brainy - intelligent mushy - soft
beautiful -beautiful motionless - no motion breakable-can be broken odd - unusual
blue-eyed muddy * with mud busy- occupied in work open - not closed
bloody - having blood old-fashioned careful - cautious outstanding - rpominent
blushing -ashamed plain - cautious - careful poor - not rich
bright -shining poised - balanced clever -mental bright powerful - strong
clean -neat precious - valuable clumsy - awkard prickly - causing irritation
clear -plain quaint - old fashioned concerned - interest puzzled - confused
cloudy -dark shiny - bright crazy - madness real - true
colorful-full of colours smoggy - smoke/fog curious * eager rich - wealthy
crowded - gathering sparkling - fash dead - not alive shy - timid
cute -pretty spotless - clean different - separate sleepy - needing for sleep
dark -black stormy -windy difficult -hard stupid - not intelligent
drab - dull strange -new doubtful - uncertain super =very good
distinct - different ugly -displeasing easy - not diffieult talented - innated ability
dull - weak ugliest - expensive - costly tame - making wild to soft
elegant - stylish unsightly - unattraetive farnous - well known tender - delicate
excited - overjoyed unusual - not common fragile - destroyed tough - hard
fancy - decorated wide-eyed - wondered frail - delicate uninterested - not interested
filthy - dirty gifted - presented vast - more
glamorous - beauty helpful - useful wandering - to move " ".
gleaming - shining helpless - lackingstrength ..indefinitely
gorgeous - beautiful horrible - dreadful wild - not domesticated
graceful - important -important Wrong- not correct
grotesque - fancy

3. i;.eelings {laoili Fe*lings (tlad) F'eelings (Ilatl)
l.'e*li*gs 1{iood}
Crsrtttl. {'ontd.
happy -joy angry -showing anger grumpy-ill tempered
Agreeable - believable
amused - entertained healthy- good health annoyed - irritated helpless - no help
brave - courageous helpful-beneficial anxious ' concerned horneless - no home
hilarious-extremely arrogant - over proud hungry - need food
calm - quite
funny -jovial ashamed - disgraced hurt - injure physically/mentally
charming - attractive
cheerful - happy jolly - happy awful -fearsome ill - not well
joyous - joyful bad - not good itchy - to cause itch
comfortable - free
kind - generous bewildered - confused jealous - envy
cooperative
lively - full of energY black - dirty/filthy jittery - feeling nervous
courageous -brave
lovely -affectionate blue - dirty lazy - slothy
delightful-pleasant
lucky -fortunate bored - exhaust lonely - alone
determined-ambitious
nice- pleasing clumsy - awkward mysterious -of mystery
eager - keen
obedient - dutiful combative- argumentative nasty - dirty
elated - joyful
perfect - comPlete condemned -disapproved naughty - disobedient
enchanting-charming
pleasant - good confused - puzzled nervous - fear
encouraging- giving hoPe
proud - superior crazy) flipped-out nutty - crazy
energetic-dynamic
relieved - released creepy - fear obnoxious - objectionable
enthusiastic - eager
silly - foolish cruel - painful outrageous - unusual
excited- overjoy
smiling - cheerful dangerous - harmful panicky - fear
exuberant -joy
splendid -praise worthY defeated - win over repulsive - dislike
fair - pleasing
successful - winner defiant - oppose scary - fear
faithful- devoted
thankful- greatful depressed - hopeless selfi sh-thinking of oneself
fantastic-excellent
thoughtful -mindful disgusted - irritated sore - painful
fine -penality/very small
victorious - successful disturbed - unbalanced tense - tension
friendly-amicable .
vivacious - energetic dizzy - lightheadedness terrible'severe
funny -jovial
witty - understand dull- not active testy - impatient
gentle -not harsh
wonderful - admirable embarrassed - ashamed thoughtless - careless
glorious-delightful
good- zealous - desirous envious - jealous tired - no energy
z^ny - foolish evil - bad troubled - dangered
fierce - painful upset - disturbed
foolish - lacking sense uptight - neverous
frantic - worried weary - tired
frightened- afraid wicked - bad
grieving - sorrowful worried - uneasy/tense

4. Fihagre 9iiz* Sound '[imc
broad - wide Big - large cooing -dove/pigeon Ancient - very old
chubby - plurnp colossal - very big deafening - very loud Brief - short
crooked - curves fat - excess faint -lack strength Early - soon
curved - not smooth gigantic - giant harsh -rough Fast - quick
deep - very shallow great- very large high-pitched Late - delayed
flat - plain huge - great in size hissing -sharp sound Long -more distance
high -elevated immense - huge hushed -calmed Modern - new
hollow -space within large- very big husky - strong rough Old -ancient
low - deep little - less loud - high volume old-fashioned
narrow - limited width mammoth - giant melodic - sweet quick - fast
round - circle massive - very large moaning -low sound rapid - fast
shallow -lilttle depth miniature - very small mute - silent short - little
skinny - very thin petite - very tiny noisy- making noise slow
square - puny - little purring -cat sound swift -great speed
steep - sharp incline scrawny - very thin quiet -calm young -youth
straight - plain short - not long raspy -rough
wide - not closed small- little resonant - strong
tall - high screeching - shout
teeny - very small shrill - scream
teeny-tiny silent - quiet
tiny - little soft - low voice
squealing -loud cry
thundering - very loud
voiceless - mute
whispering - low voice

5. 'tr'aste/'f onch 'l'astei'I'ertl ch '{'ouclt
Contd. Quantity
bitter Melted - solid to liquid boiling - liquid to vapor
Nutritious-nutrition breezy - windy Abundant - much
delicious - tastY
plastic broken - made pieces Empty -
fresh - recently made
Few - little
iuicy * full ofjuice prickly - thorny bumpy - raise
chilly - cool Heavy - more weight
ripe'- fully deveoPed rainy - having rain
rotten - foul rough - not smooth cold - nit git Light - not heavy
full of salt scattered - not at one cool - not very cold Many -large number
salty-
place - area creepy - uneasyness Numerous- large number
sour - tangY
crooked - not honest Substantial-having substance
spicy - flavored sPice shaggy - rough
stale - not fresh shaky - trembling cuddly - hug lightlY
sticky - greesy sharp - fine edge curly - curls
strong - powerful shivering - shake damaged - spoiled
sweet - with sugar silky - soft damp - wet
tart - sour slimy - thick,sliPPerY dirty - not tidY
tasteless - not tastY slippery - slipping dry - not wet
tasty smooth - soft dusty - with dust
thirsty - feeling thirst soft filthy - indecent
fluttering- exciting solid - hard flaky - small piece
fuzzy- not clear steady - firm fluffy - not deeP
greasy - oily sticky - greesy freezing - cold
grubby - dirty tender - delicate hot
hard- core tight - not loose warrn - lifile hotter
hot - spicy/buming uneven - not equal wet
icy - cool weak - lacking strength
loose - not tight wet - moist
wooden - of wood

6. BE FORMS TABLE
fl.Jame of the noun, locarion of the noun, profession of the noun,
quality of the noun)
Subject Present Past Future
Am Was Willbe
Am not Wasn't Won't be
Am I? Was I? Will I be?
Am I not? Was I not? Will I not be?
Wh am I? Wh was I? Wh will I be?
We Are Were Will be
Aren't Weren't Won't be
Are we? Were we? Will we be?
Are we not? Were we not? Will we not be?
Wh are we? Wh were we? Wh willwe be?
You Are Were Will be
Aren't Weren't Won't be
Are you? Were you? Willyou be?
Are you not? Were you not? Will you not be?
Wh are you? Wh were you? Wh will you be?
They Are Were Will be
Aren't Weren't Won't be
Are they? Were they? Will they be?
Are they not? Were they not? Will they not be?
Wh are they? Wh were they? Wh will they be?
He Is Was Will be
Isn't Wasn't Won't be
Is he? Was he? Will he be?
Is he not? Was he not? Will
he not be?
Wh Is he? Wh was he? Wh will he be?
She Is Was Will be
Isn't Wasn't Won't be
Is she? Was she? Will she be?
Is she not? Was she not? Will she not be?
Wh is she? Wh was she? Wh will she be?
It Is Was Will be
Isn't Wasn't Won't be
Is it? Was it? will it be?
Is it not? Was it not? Will it not be?
Wh is it? Wh was it? Wh will it be?

7. ARTICLES
A AN Tlll1
definite arlicle Indefinite article Definite article
[]sed before consonant Used before volvel sounds Used befbre consonant and vowel
sounds Eg: apple, hour, MLA sounds
Eg: book, pen, universitY
Eg: the book, the apple
Before singular countable Before singular countable Betbre slngular and ptural nouns
nouns Eg: the book, the books
nouns
Eg: aflat,aPen Eg: an egg, an elePhant
When the noun is said for When the noun is repeated for the
When the noun is said for
the first time second time
the first time
Es: I saw an engineer Es: the boy whom I met
Ee:Isawaboy
m tne usual meaning of one Before the nouns which are
ffil
Eg: I have a sister I
Eg: I saw an elephant considered as unique
Eg: the sun, the moon...
Class of things Befbre superlattve degrees
Class of things
Es: an engineer Es: the tallest, the biggest
Ee:achild,aParrot
Certain general things Before the names of the countries,
Certain general things
Eg: an amusement Place rivers, mountains, group of islands
Eg: I saw a beggar, I am a
with plural names
student
Eg: the USA, the Ganges, the
Himalayas
Before professions Before musical instruments
Before professions
Eg: an engineer, an Eg: the piano, the guitar
Eg: a student, a Professor
animator
Before numerical and Before the names of newsPaPers,
Before numerical and
quantitative exPressions magazines
quantitative exPressions
Eg: Eg: the times of India, the readers
Eg: a rupee, a dozen aPPles
disest
Before the ordinal numbers
Es: the second, the tenth
Before names of the famous, certain
books
Es: the bible, the ramayana
Before nouns which are used in
common
Ee: the rich, the youth
Before public buildings
Ee: the charminar, the taj mahal.

8. PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
AT ON tN TO
Specific time Before narnes of the Before years To is used along with from..
At l0 pm, at 8 am weeks In 1947, in 2009 From . ". to--
On Sunday, on
Monday..
On time - Before specific Before seasons
dates: In summer,
Exact time On the l5th of in winter
Ausust.
In time / by the time On special Before months
occasions In January,
Before time On Diwali, on In September
christmas
Around - Before the day parts
Approximate time In the morning,
In the evening
PREPOSITIONS OF LACE
AT IN ON TO
Before small areas Before large areas To indicate position Before the places going to
At Dilsukhnagar Dilsukhnagar is in related to another I am going to the market.
At Ameerpet Hyderabad noun
The book is on the
table
Before specific To indicate inside
places The boss is in the
At the bus stop cabin
At the cafd
Before country
names
My cousin is in
Australia
Before working
places
My sister works in a
bank

9. Prripositions - Time
Englislt Usage Example
oon . days of the week on Monday
r months / seasons c in August / in winter
e time of day a in the morning
.ln
. year a in 2006
. after a certain period of time (when?) O in an hour
o for night a at night
o a.t . for v,eekend a at the weekend
r a certain point of time (tuhen?) a at half past nine
. slnce
. from a certain point of time (past till o since 1980
now)
. for
. over a certain period of time (past till . for 2years
now)
. ago a certain time in the past . 2 years ago
. before earlier than a certain point of time o before 2004
oto telling the time o ten to six (5:50)
o past telling the time o ten past six (6:10)
. to/till/ marking the beginning and end of a . from Monday to/till
until period of time Friday
. till / . in the sense of lzow long something is o He is on holiday until
until going to last Friday.
. I will be back by 6
o in the sense of a/ thd latest o'clock.
oby
. up to a certain time . By 11 o'clock, I had read
five pages,
Prripositions - Place (Position and Direction)
English Usage Bxample
room, building, street, town, countrY in the kitchen, in London
.ln
book, paper etc. in the book
?L

10. . car, taxi in the car, in a taxi
o picture, world in the picture, in the
world
. meaning next to, by nn ob.iect a at the door, at the station
o for table o at the table
.at . for events a at a concert, at the party
. place where you are to do something a at the cinema, at school,
typical (watch a film, study, work) at work
o attached the picture on the wall
. for a place with a river London lies on the
Thames.
. being on a surfuce
a on the table
. for a certain side (Ieft, right)
a on the left
. for a floor in a house
a on the first floor
. for public transport
a on the bus, on a plane
. for television, radio
on TV, on the radio
by,
next
to, . left or right of somebody or something Jane is standing by I next
besid to / beside the car"
e
. nnder
. on the ground, lower than (or covered by)
something else the bag is under the table
. . lower than something else but above the fish are below the
below
ground surface
. covered by something else put ajacket over your
shirt
. meaning ntore lhan
. OVEI over 16 years ofage
. getting to the other side (also across)
walk over the bridge
. overcoming an obstacle
climb over the wall
. r higher than sornething else, but not
above
directly over it
. a path above the lake
o getting to the other side (also over) a walk across the bridge
. ACIOSS
o getting to the other side a swim across the lake
r2

11. . throu something with limits on top, bottom and . drive through the tunnel
gh the sides
movernent to Person or building go to the cinema
oto movement to a Piace or countrY go to London i Ireland
for bed go to bed
go into the kitchen I the
. into . enter a room I a building house
movement in the direction of something go 5 steps towards the
towar
(but not directlY to it) house
ds
movement to the toP of something
a jump onto the table
o onto
in the sense of where from
a a flower from the garden
a front
Other important PrePositions
Usage Example
English
. from o who gave it
. a present from Jane
o who/what does it belong to
o a page ofthe book
"of O what does it show
. the picture of a palace
.byo who made it
. a book by Mark Twain
a walking or riding on horseback
. on foot, on horsebaek
.on o get on the bus
a entering a public transport vehicle
rin entering acar lTax
o get in the car
. off leaving a public transport vehicle
o get off the train
o out . leaving a ear I Taxi
o get out ofthe taxi
of
rise or fall of something
. prices have risen bY l0
percent
.by travelling (other than walking or
horseriding)
. by car, by bus
for age
. she learned Russian at 45
'at'
r about ' for topics, meaning what about
. we were talking about you
/3

12. in
In the box
In the room
In a building
In the corner of a room
In the pool/sea/river/garden/yard
In the caf6/phone booth
In an office/factory
In a city/town/village/country
In a queue/line/row
In the sky
In the world
In the paper
In the front
AT
At the station/airport/bus stop
At the door/window
At the traffic lights
At the end of the street
At home
At the table/desk
At a hotel
At the top of the stairs/hill
At an address
At school/eol lege/u n iversity/ch u reh
At a meeting/party/concert
At the doctor/the dentist
At the theatre/the cinema
At brea kfast/l u nch/dinner
at the library/the hospital
at the bank/supermarket
ON
on a sofa/table
on the floor/ground
on the beach/coast
on the way/road
on a farm
on the shelf
on the playground
on the campus
on the wall/ceiling/door
on a list/menu
i1,
tr
l

13. on a street
on a bicy cle/ bikel bus/trai n/pla ne/sh i p
vocabulary
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE,S
Aboard she is aboard the bus
Above Arena is above dig iam showroom
Across the dog is running across the road
Against the girl stood against the wall
Around he is going around the world
At i stay at Kothapet
At the back our building is at the back of ATM centre.
At the bottom water is at the bottom of the bottle
At the top the girls are standing at the top of the
buildine
Between the boy is sitting in between his parents.
Behind my house is behind shivani theatre.
Below Dieiam buildine is below our institute.
Bv she stood by me
In we are in the hotel
Inside I kept the jewellery inside the box
In the corner the system is in the corner of the room
In the middle I kept the vase in the middle of the room
Near land is very costly near airport
Next to I stood next to her.
To the leff there is a bank to the left of our house
To the right TMC is opened to the right of the institute
On our class is on the third floor
On top of I arranged cream on top oflhe cake
On the other side he was standing on the other side of the
road
Opposite to my friend's house is opposite to our road.
Out side Watchman stands outside the lab
Under there is a book under your chair
Underneath I kept the paper underneath the books
Infront of there is a bakery infront of our house
Beside she sat beside me in the theatre.
[t i-
1,,

14. SPELLING RULtrS FOR SINGULAR _ PLURAL NOUNS
Singular Noun Definition: When a noun means one oniy, it is said to be singular.
Exarnples: boy, girl, book, church, box
Plural Noun Definition: When a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural.
Exarnples: boys, girls, books, churches
Rule #1
The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun.
lamp lamps
cat cats
fork forks
flower flowers
Rule #2
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding - es.
InOSS InOSSES
buzz buzzes
box boxes
dish dishes
church churches
Special Note:
If you add - s to such nouns fox, bush, and bench, you will find that you cannot pronounce them
as
without making an additional syllable. This is why such nouns form the plural by adding - es.
Rule #3
Nounsendingin-yprecededbyaconsonantisformedintoapluralbychanging-yto-ies.
Examples: lady, ladies; city, cities; arrny, armies
Rule #4
Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding - s.
Example: boy, boys; day, days
Rule #5
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by adding es. Example:
hero; heroes; grotto, grottoes
*mayadd-sor-es
The following are among those that add s only
canto solo piano lasso
halo memento albino sirocco
? at.

15. sPEt LilG t{ur,ES F'OR T
a.) Add -s for most verbs
work works buy buys ride rides return retums
b.) Add -es for words that end in --ch, -s , -sh, -x, ar -2"
watch watches paSS paSSeS rush rushes relax relaxesbuzzbuzzes
I-Y'
c.) Change the:y to -i and add -es when the base form ends in a consonant
study studies hurry hurries dry dries
Do not change the -y when the base for.ln ends in a vowel +y. Add -s
play plays enjoy enjoYs
d.) A few verbs have irregular forms.
be is do does go goes have has
2.) SPELLING RULES FOR SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS
a.) If the verb ends in a consonant, add -ed'
retum retumed help helped cook cooked
b") If the verb ends in -e, add -d"
live lived create created die died
combination (CVC),
c.) In one-syllable words, if the verb ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant
double the
last consonant and add -ed.
hop hopped rub rubbed
However, do not double one-syllable words ending in -w, -x, or -y.
bow bowed plaY PlaYed mix mixed
combination, double
d.) In words of two or more syllables that end in consonant-vowel-consonant
the last
consonant only if the last syllable is stressed'
prefer preferred (The last tyttuut" is stressed) visit visited (The last syllable
isn't stressed)
e.) If the verb ends in a consonant, + y, change the -y to -i
and -ed'
worry worried allnoy annoYed
*y to -i")
f.) If the verb ends in a vowel +y, add -ed. (Do not change the
play played annoy annoYed
Exception: pay paid lay laid say said
>f'4

16. Special Note:
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel is formed into a plural by adding - s.
Example: folio, folios; cameo; cameos; studio, studios; portfolio, portfolios
Rule #6
Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to - ves.
Example: beef, beeves; wife, wives
The following form their plurals by adding - s.
chief, chiefs fife, fifes mischief, mischiefs hoof, hoofs
roof, roofs grief, griefs kerchief, kerchiefs safe, safes
IRREGULAR PLURALS
man, men foot, feet mouse, mice
woman, /omen tooth, teeth louse, lice
child, children ox, oxen goose, geese
The following nouns have no singular:
scissors oats tongs dregs
trousers pinchers bellows snuffers
cattle shears measles mumps
victuals tweezers vespers
Some nouns are always singular. Some of these nouns may be used in the plural when different
kinds are meant as sugars, coffees, cottons
gold silver wheat corn
molasses copper sugar cotton
Singular nouns use this and that.
Plural nouns use these and those.
<P Al;
-.-Jr

17. 3" SPELLING FTU{,ES FOR VETTB + ING (Vl _ V4)
Fol many verbs ive make the iNG fonn by simply adding -ING to end of the verb.
eat - eating
speak - speaking
cook - cooking
start - starling
do - doing
stay - staying
fix - fixing
Verbs ending with -e (with the exception of verbs ending in -ee and -ie)
Drop the -e and add ING
hope - hoping
ride - riding
Verbs ending with -ee Just add -ING
agree - agreeing
flee - fleeing
see - seeing
Ver"bs ending with -ie Change the -ie to -y and add -ING
die - dying
tie - tying
lie - lying
Verbs ending with one vowel and one eonsonant (with the exception of w, x, and y)
For one syllable verbs double the sonsonant and add -ING
jog - jogging
sit - sitting
run - running
stop - stopping
For two syllable verbs If the 1st syllable is stressed, just add ING
answer - answering
offer - offering
listen - listening
visit - visiting
If the 2nd syllable is stressed , double the consonant and add ING
admit - admitting
prefer - prefelring
begin - begining

18. SPELLING RULES FOR ADJECTIVES
SPELLING RULES FOR THE COMPARATIVE CER) & SUPERLATIVES (-EST) ADJECTIVES
1) Add -er to one-syllable adjectives to form the comparative. Add -est to one-syllable adjectives to
form the superlative.
cheap cheaper cheapest bright brighter brightest
2) If the adjective ends in -e, add -r or -st.
nice nicer nicest
3) Ifthe adjective ends in a consonant *y, change to y to i before you add -er or -rst.
pretty prettier prettiest Exception: shy shyer shyest
4) If the adjective ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant combination (CVC), dou'ole the final
consonant
before adding -er or -est.
big bigger biggest
5)However, do not double the consonant in words ending in -w or -y.
slow slower slowest coy coyer coyest
SPELLING RULES FOR ADVERBS
1) Add -ly to the correspondingadjectives
nice nicely quiet quietly quick quickly beautiful beautifully
2)If the adjective ends in consonant +y, change the y to i before adding -ly
easy easily
3) If the adjective ends in -le, drop the -e and add -y.
possible possibly
4) However, do not drop the -e for other adjectives ending in -e.
extreme extremely Exception: true truly
5) If the adjective ends in -ic, add -ally.
basic basically fantastic fantastically tenifi c tenifi cally
-(rP -5

19. @
Fossession (Ou'nership) / fbod habits / health problems
Has / Have - Present lllF-;ad - Past // rvill have - Future
SUBJECT lVE -VE o NO who
ilwe/youl Have Don't have Do"t- Don't -{- sub Wh+do+
sub * have *have sub *have
they
he/she/it Has Doesn't + Does * sub * Doesn't Wh-r
have have *sub * does*sub* have
have
lwelyoul Didn"t + have Did + Didn't + wh + did
Sub + Sub + -F sub + have
theylhel Had
have have
she/it
will Won't + Will + sub + Won't + Wh + will
iiwelyou/
theylhel have Harre have Sub + *sub*
have have
she/it
IRREGULAR VEBBS LIST
Present iPresentTense , t icontinuous
i / (v4)
i;;r; , fvil*t i PastTense iPastParticiple 1v+ing;
(v2) a ry3)
(v1) I ',
Awake I awakes ,awoke u*:k:: .u11:tlg
l-:.- -
:Arose 'iArisen
Arise iarises
I , ..i."..-.. ""
larising
t:'-"
: 'being
(B*) i*ut,*"t* ,been
is,atn,arer :il
'Borne jbearing
Bear :bears ,Bore
:-
beat ;beats rbeat 'beaten lbeating
' become
becotne becomes became becoming
begin :begins :began ibegun ;beginning
.ii
bend ,bends bent bent : bending
:
bet :bets ,bet 'bet ;betting
.
.. ..--ij"'-'- : t' -. --.'i.*
I '
. ui"O i;ilt Bound ,
Bound binding
bire Bites bit bilten biting
Bleed , Bleeds Bled Bled ' bleeding

20. I
blow ; Blows i blo*n 1
--.''--- a_
:
i.--'- -.
a
break j Breaks I broken
! l
-i-- -- - --'-
brmg i brings j brought
;;;;J- f*-*-*-""*"-
i broadcasts
i
I
build 1 builds
burn lr :r '.:
iburns ;burned/bumt jburned/burnt
l
iburning
buy
L.,., I 1...,^
j buys ' L^..^L+
bought i bought
lr-^---r-" lbuying
I t. :
it--,
: .. . ............ .. j........
'
if
catch ] catches caught j caught j
Drive Drives I drove j driven
t"- i--- '. - -
drink drinks : drank i drunk
: eat
i
eats t ate I eaten eating
f"*****-**--" I
-:
rl
: fall
i
falls : fell ; fallen I falling
; feel feels i felt felt feeling
i -'--' 1
t
firh:. i fought fought I fighting
. . :'"95 i
-i -, "i,^-:,*"_":,"" " _," ... ,:
t' r1
found
l
find Finds ; found I finding
:
:'..--..ii...
flv Flies .flew j flown flying
I
forgetting
i
: forget foreefs forgot foreollen i
i- --- '-- ' -' .'... -, .'', .' .-'' j
: forgive forgives forgave forgiven torgrvtng
.l
, freeze Freezes froze fiozen freezing
get gets got got (gotten) getting

21. give gives gave given ; giving i
,
go I Goes : went i gone i gomg .
grow igrows lgrew lgrown t- o
: srowins
;
have . has
, had I had
t i having
navlng
l-----;i;l
l-----ii;l i
hear
t
ih"u.t iheard
tr
t
Ihearinghearing
'heard ,,
t
hit l hit, hit ' hit r hitting
hold jhotdr :held iheld iholding
'
'
hurt ittu.tt :hurt ,trurt {hurting
. t..p i Keeps t"pt ,
kept I keeping I
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r
knew iktto*tt
1
know i Kno*, i i
] knowing
tav ,Luor
iJ:i
ituiA ilaid llaYing
.*-* .*"-. j * " ..** -'*-i"" "*- -'- -
i lead I leads
i led i led I leading
, l.u*
leam , l.u*,
llearns ilearned/learnt I learned/learnt illearnlng
; learned/learnt llearned/teamt learning
t1
,^^-.^ lt^^.,-. jr.+ 1t.t lleavins
:
let I lets let i let I letting
I
rnake r makes made 'made i
ir.,-..,...,--: j
mean
11
, means : meant : meant i
meet I meets i met
;met j
I puyt Paid , Paid
t:r_ ;
put puts iput iPut
read , reads i read i read
i
ride . rides , rode I
ridden
ring : rings : rang ' rung

22. rise :Rises rose risen j rising
run iruns :ran :run irunning
ji.' .
say j says i said I said ] saying j
,';
see i sees
j1-l
I saw j seen I seeing :
sell j sells i sold ] sold selling
i selling ',
i
l
send i sends sent sent j sending
I 5('iluillg
;
l:! ---t"*
show I shows , showed showed/shown i showing .
i,
shut
)ilur iShuts
tDlrurs shut
isnul 1 shut
isnut i shuttins
isnuftlng
,i i .-..- ..* "".1J--^-------D
:
'f^"*"-" .:j
sing , Sings
': sang
ii1
sung j singing
sit isits ,sat :sat ;sitting
sleep iSleeps :slept ,slept isleeping
spend ; Spends , spent i spent ispending
: rprs4s i rpr{r.lu5 j sprsau I sprga(r i spreaqlng i
:"-.--.;-:-*-*--J..;*
: stand j Stands i stood i stood i standing i
,swim
.
."**"-
I Swims , swam
-f_.^- ;-*--;* j,""- -
swum
I
-"""-*
j swimming
4**: :l:-* r
:
; take i Takes
'I
I took -&,:"
jtaken jtating
,
:
teach i'Teaches I
taught
_ I taught
! _ i teaching
*-- -a
,
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i
tear , Tears
; , tore ' torn
i
I
J tearine
tearins :
:
r- J.-
' telecast I Telecasts ' telecast telecast r telecasting
r tell :i
j r.tt, i told : told fi"iti"* j
:"'*'--I*"
think Thinks i thought i thought j thinking i
- -*^l**-***- - *1-*--- *--"'*
1.
throw Throws r threw I thrown I throwlns
i '-l '
J.
understand Understands . understood understood
:
:under.:1Tdi']:
* i'*'"'
wake Wakes woke iwaking
!woken
wear wears wore J worn wearing
i -"""... ' .,,.t ".,.,_.-_..-.,.--.
wln Wins won lWOn wfmfne
L __ _,-'
rvrite *.ti"t wrote ! written writing