Volunteered Geographic Information and OpenStreetMap

“OpenStreetMap is a free editable map of the world made by people like you!” AGI NORTH 23 April 2009

About Tim Tim Waters Freelance GIS Consultant and Web Developer Long time OpenStreetMap contributor & evangelist Leeds UK blog: http://thinkwhere.wordpress.com tim@geothings.net latest: http:www.MapWarper.net

VGI Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) is the harnessing of tools to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided voluntarily by individuals (Goodchild, 2007). Some examples of this phenomenon are Wikimapia, OpenStreetMap, and Google MyMaps. These sites provide general base map information and allow users to create their own content by marking locations where various events occurred or certain features exist, but aren’t already shown on the base map. VGI is a special case of the larger Web phenomenon known as user-generated content. Straight outa Wikipedia.............there's more pictures later.

Power of Volunteered Geographic Information 1. Potential of VGI to expand/complete/improve existing databases, infrastructures, & archives; 2. Potential of VGI to enable us to gather/produce new forms of spatial information that use local knowledge to inform previously un- answerable questions, unknowable phenomenon, and new social and political practices. (“new knowledge practices”)

Concerns: what drives people to do this, how accurate are the results, will they threaten individual privacy, and how can they augment more conventional sources Basics: Web2 – web search, Google, communities technologies, GPS cameras, network, computers Crowd sourcing price, closed of NMAs (OS licences) Push factor Openness Easy Amateur --- Future with NMAs etc. Decline in world mapping. Remote sensing and VGI filling in the gap. Mapping economically determined. None in developing world. Expensive to keep up to date. AND Map2.0

WIKIMAPIA

Google Earth!

http://Geocodr.net A geocoder that uses k-means clustering of geotagged images

Flickr Shapefiles

ARGH!!!! Just show me some nice maps

You can get the data. downloads.cloudmade.com

Berlin

Copenhagen

Amsterdam

Madrid

Baghdad

Sydney

Pretoria

Kinshasa

Map what you like

Germany 2006

Germany 2007

Germany 2008

OSM in a nutshell Most other maps are non-free Vector data for custom maps is difficult to obtain licences Users can improve the map Fast updates Commercial maps have intentional errors Many areas of the world are mapped poorly Speciality maps Innovative uses

Mapping data is not free

Not free as in freedom Maps Copyright The maps are based upon Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Luton Borough Council. 100023935, 2006 The Ordnance Survey map data included within this web site is provided by Luton Borough Council under licence from the Ordnance Survey in order to fulfil its public function to act as a local authority. Persons viewing this mapping should contact Ordnance Survey copyright for advice where they wish to licence Ordnance Survey map data for their own use

Full of mistakes, car centred

Mistakes cannot be corrected

Cannot re use or reprint

Coverage economically determined

Change happens inflexible

Katrina

100,000 users 330 million nodes 800million trackpoints 1 Billion Tags

Donate data & free data

Tiger / Line

Other Sources: Donations Gaza, people donated to buy imagery for OSM

Yahoo allow use of imagery

Landsat

http://www.MapWarper.net

Or, just D.I.Y! Mapping party

Mapping Parties Galore!

Mapping Party Field Trip 7 June Sunday Patley Bridge

How to do it? Editors, online. Do it from home! Mikels Case Study - Brighton

Case Study: Mikel in Brighton

Mapping Party, September 2006

OSM Brighton, December 2006

Summer 2007

Winter 2007 Today

His Process

Download existing data to GPS

Print Out Map for Notes, Bicycle

Network Diagram

Upload GPS Tracks to Computer

Upload Tracks

Draw Over Them

Editing in Potlatch, rollbacks, history

The OSM-”Tool Chain” Editors Database Renderer Viewer Potlatch tiles@ “Google” API (Flash) home tiles (Rails) Slippy osmarender, Map JOSM pdfatlas, (Open (Java) MySQL ... Layers) “Google” ... Mapnik planet tiles dump

RESTful API http://api.openstreetmap.org/api/0.4/way/35 <way id='7972254' timestamp='2007-09-24T12:36:29+01:00' user='chippy' visible='true'> <nd ref='59608510' /> <nd ref='59608509' /> <nd ref='59608516' /> <nd ref='59608515' /> <nd ref='59608514' /> <nd ref='59608513' /> <nd ref='59608512' /> <nd ref='59608511' /> <nd ref='59608510' /> <tag k='created_by' v='JOSM' /> <tag k='building' v='retail' /> <tag k='name' v='White Rose Shopping Centre' /> <tag k='amenity' v='shopping_centre' /> <tag k='note' v='huge building' /> </way>

Trackpoints Nodes

Tags! amenity = hospital name = Saint James POIs emergency = yes Ways highway = primary name = Otley Road ref = A660 Areas highway = residential name = Chestnut Lane oneway = true surface = flags leisure=nature_reserve http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/index.php/Map_features

simple data format tagging for metadata standard map tiles

Volunteers. OSM donation drive Over $22,500 raised in 3 days for new server in early February Goal was $15,000 servers api 0.6 downtime

API 0.6 Changesets user id version numbers Diffs can be applied

Licence Now: Creative Commons by Share Alike Future: Open Database Licence CC = everything is shared alike OdbL = only the database should be shared Both allows commerical use

healthy ecosystem tools renderers editors routers applications

Potlatch

Merkaartor

Mapnik

Many mobile apps

Freemap Slovakia & contours

Cycle Map

OpenPisteMap

Open Street Bugs

healthy ecosystem tools renderers editors routers applications

Ecology System Iteration Gets better & stronger

Folksonomy But with standardised conventions. Voting mapping reality proposed adoption iteration

landuse=vineyard vs landuse=farm crop=grapes

Edit Wars

Taking a leaf. Tapping the crowd.

Map Maker from Google.

AND Map2.0

Peoples Map (dot dot dot)

Quality Is it any good? OSM is sometimes the ONLY source for mapping data Map Action Developing World

How good it the data?  − Positional accuracy − Completeness − Attribute accuracy and completeness − Consistency − Semantic accuracy − Temporal quality (up-to-date-ness)

http://tools.geofabrik.de/mc/ Map Compare

Dair Grant Errors in Google / Teleatlas

Errors in OSM but, they can be fixed :)

OSM 193 bugs per 10km2 Google 89 bugs per 10km2

http://blog.fortiusone.com/2008/12/12/openstreetmap-vs-googleteleatlas-street-coverage/ OpenStreetMap vs. Google/TeleAtlas Street Coverage The size of the circles are proportional to the values for both, so small circles equal poor coverage and large circles equal good coverage. The overlap of the circles shows who appears to be doing better (orangey/brown showing means that osm is doing better, blue google). OSM is the top layer so a tie will have OSM looking better, but you can click the layers on and off to see both views of the coverage.

The data is very interesting. Quickly comparing the roads layers against OSM in Kenya show good correspondence where there is Yahoo aerial imagery to trace against — if OSM had access to the same imagery, I imagine we’d be pretty much equivalent country-wide. MapMaker is slightly more complete in central Nairobi; I put that down to Google having full time employees in Nairobi who work on MapMaker Green = OSM Purple = Mapmaker

OSM VS OS Coverage Blue = OSM better http://povesham.wordpress.com/2008/08/07/osm-quality-evaluation/ UCL Muki Haklay http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfamha/OSM%20data%20analysis%20070808_web.pdf

Meridian 2 and OSM – Motorway  comparison http://povesham.wordpress.com/2008/08/07/osm-quality-evaluation/ UCL Muki Haklay http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfamha/OSM%20data%20analysis%20070808_web.pdf

Positional accuracy Area Average On each tile, 100  difference points sample with (m) evaluation of distance Barnet 6.77 between OSM and Highgate 8.33 Meridian 2 New Cross 6.04 South Norwood 3.17 Can see significant  differences: from Sutton 4.83 about 3m to over 8m Total 5.83 http://povesham.wordpress.com/2008/08/07/osm-quality-evaluation/ UCL Muki Haklay http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfamha/OSM%20data%20analysis%20070808_web.pdf

The analysis shows that, where OSM was collected by several users and benefited from some quality assurance, the quality of the data is comparable and can be fit for many applications. The positional accuracy is about 6 metres, which is expected for the data collection methods that are used in OSM. The comparison of motorways shows about 80% overlap between OSM and OS . The challenges are the many areas that are not covered – currently, OSM has good coverage for only 25% of the land area of England 12 Months ago... http://povesham.wordpress.com/2008/08/07/osm-quality-evaluation/ UCL Muki Haklay http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucfamha/OSM%20data%20analysis%20070808_web.pdf

Field Trip! 7 June Sunday Patley Bridge Tim Waters http://thinkwhere.wordpress.com tim@geothings.net Thanks! Pub?

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