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Wind Tunnel Experiments for Grades 8 - 12 Dr. Judy Foss Van Zante Dynacs Engineering Co., Inc. Cleveland, OH 6/15/99
Contents Sample Experiments  3 Governing Equations 15 Flow Visualization Techniques 19 How to Make the Measurements 24 Background - Why Test in Wind Tunnels  27 Selected References  31
Sample Experiments
Ideas for Wind Tunnel Experiments Model: Airfoil or Flat Plate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wind Tunnel Test Section with Airfoil Mounting Options Airfoil on Sting Wall-Mounted Flow
Lift vs. Angle of Attack As the angle of attack increases, so should the lift - until a certain point (the stall angle of attack). Angle of attack (  ):  angle between flow and chord line. Chord line: straight line between most forward and most aft points Lift Flow  
Lift vs. Angle (cont.) Angle Lift Visual: See airfoil lift as angle increases Measure: airfoil lift as a function of angle scale
Wind Tunnel Experiment  Lift vs. Angle Worksheet
Lift vs. Velocity As the velocity (speed) increases, so should the lift.  Note: Keep the angle of attack constant.  The greater the angle (prior to stall) the greater the change in lift. Lift Velocity (Speed)
Lift vs. (Velocity) 2 Visual: See airfoil lift as speed increases Measure: airfoil lift as a function of speed Velocity Lift scale V 2 L
Wind Tunnel Experiment  Lift vs. Velocity Worksheet
Ideas for Wind Tunnel Experiments Model: Drag Body ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wind Tunnel with Drag Objects Mounting Options Bluff Bodies   Race Cars Rotating Sting Pulley
Ideas for Wind Tunnel Experiment Model - Drag Body ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Governing Equations
Governing Equations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nomenclature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Governing Equation Notes
Flow Visualization Techniques
Flow Visualization Techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Flow Visualization Techniques Yarn ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Yarn Tufts on surface Tuft Probe Delta Wing Trailing Edge Cone Flow Visualization Techniques Illustrated x x  x x x x x  x x x x x  x x x x x  x x x Tuft Grid
Flow Visualization Techniques Cautions ,[object Object],[object Object]
How to Make the  Measurements
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Wind Tunnel Experiment Details
Wind Tunnel Experiment Details ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Background Why Test in Wind Tunnels?
Why Test in Wind Tunnels? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Two of NASA’s Wind Tunnels Ames 80’ x 120’ Langley
Types of Wind Tunnels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selected References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Wind Tunnel Ex

  • 1. Wind Tunnel Experiments for Grades 8 - 12 Dr. Judy Foss Van Zante Dynacs Engineering Co., Inc. Cleveland, OH 6/15/99
  • 2. Contents Sample Experiments 3 Governing Equations 15 Flow Visualization Techniques 19 How to Make the Measurements 24 Background - Why Test in Wind Tunnels 27 Selected References 31
  • 4.
  • 5. Wind Tunnel Test Section with Airfoil Mounting Options Airfoil on Sting Wall-Mounted Flow
  • 6. Lift vs. Angle of Attack As the angle of attack increases, so should the lift - until a certain point (the stall angle of attack). Angle of attack (  ): angle between flow and chord line. Chord line: straight line between most forward and most aft points Lift Flow  
  • 7. Lift vs. Angle (cont.) Angle Lift Visual: See airfoil lift as angle increases Measure: airfoil lift as a function of angle scale
  • 8. Wind Tunnel Experiment Lift vs. Angle Worksheet
  • 9. Lift vs. Velocity As the velocity (speed) increases, so should the lift. Note: Keep the angle of attack constant. The greater the angle (prior to stall) the greater the change in lift. Lift Velocity (Speed)
  • 10. Lift vs. (Velocity) 2 Visual: See airfoil lift as speed increases Measure: airfoil lift as a function of speed Velocity Lift scale V 2 L
  • 11. Wind Tunnel Experiment Lift vs. Velocity Worksheet
  • 12.
  • 13. Wind Tunnel with Drag Objects Mounting Options Bluff Bodies Race Cars Rotating Sting Pulley
  • 14.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. Yarn Tufts on surface Tuft Probe Delta Wing Trailing Edge Cone Flow Visualization Techniques Illustrated x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Tuft Grid
  • 23.
  • 24. How to Make the Measurements
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Background Why Test in Wind Tunnels?
  • 28.
  • 29. Two of NASA’s Wind Tunnels Ames 80’ x 120’ Langley
  • 30.
  • 31.

Editor's Notes

  1. Need: Airfoil Sting (rod) (Tygon) tube partially filled w/ water Pitot-Static Tube Scale (measure in ounces) Attach the sting to the airfoil and rest the assembly on the scale. (Tygon) tube partially filled w/ water attached to the Pitot-Static Tube Rest the
  2. Dollar estimates are guesses. Ma : Mach number = U/a ; compressible flow St : Strouhal number = fd/U ; oscillating flow Fr : Froude number = U^2/gL ; free-surface flow We : Weber number = rU^2L/G ; surface tension Pr : Prandtl number = mcp/k ; heat convection (r = density, m = viscosity)
  3. Dollar estimates are guesses. Ma : Mach number = U/a ; compressible flow St : Strouhal number = fd/U ; oscillating flow Fr : Froude number = U^2/gL ; free-surface flow We : Weber number = rU^2L/G ; surface tension Pr : Prandtl number = mcp/k ; heat convection (r = density, m = viscosity)