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Plagiarism and
  Intellectual
Property Across
   Cultures
        Joel Bloch
 The Ohio State University
Intercultural Resentation
Daddy, they
caught a boy
plagiarizing
.


What did
they do?
Pedagogical Problem in the
 teaching of composition
   From childhood until death
Don't Do It!!!
http://libra
                           ry.austincc.
                           edu/gen-
                           info/plagiar
                           ism_theft.jp
                           g


Plagiarism/Intellectual Property
The Relationship between Plagiarism, Intellectual
Property law and Intercultural Rhetoric

• Plagiarism oldest issues in the study of
intercultural rhetoric
• Early on linked to possible variations in how
intellectual property is viewed in big culture
•Studies of both affected by social, economic,
and historical developments, so inevitably there
will be cultural differences
•Provides examples of how the study of
intercultural rhetoric can accomadate dynamic
views of culture and variations within the culture
Battle of the
Metaphors
Remixing and Intercultural Rhetoric
• The link between intellectual property and
  plagiarism
• Textuality
• Research on Chinese rhetoric showed ways
  on remixing texts that may vary from
  traditional forms of Western today
• Changes in how remixing texts both in
  intellectual property law and in controversy
  over plagiarism (patchwriting)
• What are the rules for remixing
Culture
History

He who receives an idea from me, receives
instruction himself without lessening mine, as he
who lights his taper at mine, receives light without
darkening me. That an idea should freely spread
from one to another over the globe, for the moral
and mutual instruction of man, and the
improvement of his condition, seems to have been
pecularily and benevolently designed by nature,
when she made them, like fire, expansible all over
space, without lessening their density… (Koch &
Peden, 1944, p. 577).
Development
Solutions
                 Patchwriting

Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally
Plagiarism at Ohio State
Students’ Attitudes
Yes, frankly I plagiarized so many time in my former
school …Sometimes, I plagiarized by cut and pasted
the paper … and sometimes I listed the internet
sources or magazines to my research paper ….
Moreover, I just turned in somebody's paper to the
professor by changing original name to my name….I
knew that was not good but I did not realize that it
was against academic rule and it was a plagiarism. …
I also did not get an education about plagiarism.
That is why I did it. And, sometimes when I did not
have any idea about the paper or assignment and I
did not have an enough time to finish of it, I
plagiarized
Cultural differences

Ownership of Property



                                        Wikipedia

           Student Attitudes
Images


                  Common Knowledge
Citing on the Internet

You were assigned to post something to a class list
  online. You find an interesting article on the
  internet and cut and paste it in your posting. Is this
  considered a violation of academic misconduct?

● No, you are allowed to cut and paste something from the
  Internet and send it out as long as you don’t charge money for
  it. (14)
● Yes, cutting and pasting from the Internet is illegal, just like
  downloading music (70)
● You can cut and paste it, but you have to cite where you found
  the article. (153)
Wikipedia and common
            Knowledge

Wikipedia is an on line encyclopedia that anyone can contribute
to and other people can edit. Therefore, none of the entries
have authors. Do you have to cite a definition from the
Wikipedia if you paraphrase it?

   ●Wikipedia is really just common knowledge so you don’t
   need to cite it. (147)
   ●Wikipedia should be cited and paraphrased just like any other source. (51)
   ●Wikipedia should not be copied word for word but it doesn’t need to be
   cited. (47)
Turnitin.com
Turnitin.com is a web site that OSU has paid for, so
 teachers can check student papers for plagiarism. Your
 teacher tells you must submit your paper to Turnitin.com to
 have it checked for plagiarism. He tells you that if you do
 not submit your paper, you will automatically fail the
 course. What do you think about this?
   It is fair since it would catch any student who unfairly
        cheats. (135)
   It is not fair since I own my papers, so the teacher has
        no right to tell me to submit it to a company that
        makes money from the program. (68)
   It is not fair but I have to do it so I can take this course.
        (34)
Cultural differences
Do you feel that there are cultural
   differences in how plagiarism is defined?
  In my country plagiarism is treated the same as in
     the United States. (80)
  In my country, no one really cares much about
     plagiarism.(44)
  In my country, plagiarism is considered serious
     but is not often discussed. (113)
Ownership of Property
You published a paper with a friend. Now you want to
hand in the paper to another course on a similar topic.
You copy a couple of paragraphs and paste into your
new paper. Your professor accuses you of plagiarism.
Do you agree with this decision?
–   No, when I write a paper, it belongs to me, and I can do
    whatever I want with it. (68)
–   Yes, plagiarizing yourself is the same as plagiarizing someone
    else, so the punishment is justified. (81)
–   No, you can’t plagiarize yourself, so he shouldn’t have been
    accused, but it may be a violation of the rules of academic
    misconduct. (89)
Citations
                   Copying


 Student/Teacher
   Comparisons
                      Intellectual Property

      Punishment
Citing Ideas
In a peer discussion group, you were asked to discuss
  your paper with your classmates. before you started
  writing it. One of the members of your group gave
  you an interesting idea. Do you need to cite the idea
  in your paper just as you would cite a quotation
  from a paper?
   – Yes, cite your group member’s idea just as you would cite
     any other source. (59)
   – No, you don’t need to cite it since the idea was never
     published. (90)
   – Put a footnote thanking your group member for
     the idea (88)
Common Knowledge
In your course, you are asked to write a research
paper. You are new in the field, and much of what
you know is from textbooks. This information is
called common knowledge. How should you handle
this kind of information in your paper?

Cite it the same as it was any other kind of literature (98)
You don’t need to cite it because it is common knowledge and belongs to
   everyone. (80)
Cite it because it makes for a stronger argument in your paper (59)
Punishment?
A student was accused of copying a paragraph
  from his textbook and including it in a much
  longer paper. He was sent to the Office of
  Academic Misconduct. What do you think
  should be the appropriate penalty?
  – Since, the student copied without citing, he should be
    treated like any other plagiarist. (107)
  – Since it was only a small amount, he should only
    be warned but not given a harsh penalty. (95)
  – Since what is in textbooks is usually common knowledge,
    the student did not commit plagiarism. (36)
Intellectual Property
Can you also plagiarize images as well as
  texts?
  No, plagiarism only refers to copying texts, not
     anything else. (164)
  Yes, if you use an image in a paper, you should
     cite it just like a text. (49)
  Maybe, sometimes images are cited, but
     sometimes they don’t need to be. (26)
Pedagogical
                       Questions
What attitudes should teachers have towards
students who plagiarize. How should instances
of plagiarism be viewed.

How to design courses, assignments, and
Materials for educating students about
plagiarism and intellectual property.

How can teachers and students what is the
appropriate use of intellectual property and what
may not.
Contacts
jbloch10@gmail.com


URL: http://show.zoho.com/public/cherepaha/ccccbloch-ppt

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Intercultural Resentation

  • 1. Plagiarism and Intellectual Property Across Cultures Joel Bloch The Ohio State University
  • 3. Daddy, they caught a boy plagiarizing . What did they do?
  • 4. Pedagogical Problem in the teaching of composition From childhood until death
  • 6. http://libra ry.austincc. edu/gen- info/plagiar ism_theft.jp g Plagiarism/Intellectual Property
  • 7. The Relationship between Plagiarism, Intellectual Property law and Intercultural Rhetoric • Plagiarism oldest issues in the study of intercultural rhetoric • Early on linked to possible variations in how intellectual property is viewed in big culture •Studies of both affected by social, economic, and historical developments, so inevitably there will be cultural differences •Provides examples of how the study of intercultural rhetoric can accomadate dynamic views of culture and variations within the culture
  • 9. Remixing and Intercultural Rhetoric • The link between intellectual property and plagiarism • Textuality • Research on Chinese rhetoric showed ways on remixing texts that may vary from traditional forms of Western today • Changes in how remixing texts both in intellectual property law and in controversy over plagiarism (patchwriting) • What are the rules for remixing
  • 11. History He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine, as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me. That an idea should freely spread from one to another over the globe, for the moral and mutual instruction of man, and the improvement of his condition, seems to have been pecularily and benevolently designed by nature, when she made them, like fire, expansible all over space, without lessening their density… (Koch & Peden, 1944, p. 577).
  • 13. Solutions Patchwriting Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally
  • 15. Students’ Attitudes Yes, frankly I plagiarized so many time in my former school …Sometimes, I plagiarized by cut and pasted the paper … and sometimes I listed the internet sources or magazines to my research paper …. Moreover, I just turned in somebody's paper to the professor by changing original name to my name….I knew that was not good but I did not realize that it was against academic rule and it was a plagiarism. … I also did not get an education about plagiarism. That is why I did it. And, sometimes when I did not have any idea about the paper or assignment and I did not have an enough time to finish of it, I plagiarized
  • 16. Cultural differences Ownership of Property Wikipedia Student Attitudes Images Common Knowledge
  • 17. Citing on the Internet You were assigned to post something to a class list online. You find an interesting article on the internet and cut and paste it in your posting. Is this considered a violation of academic misconduct? ● No, you are allowed to cut and paste something from the Internet and send it out as long as you don’t charge money for it. (14) ● Yes, cutting and pasting from the Internet is illegal, just like downloading music (70) ● You can cut and paste it, but you have to cite where you found the article. (153)
  • 18. Wikipedia and common Knowledge Wikipedia is an on line encyclopedia that anyone can contribute to and other people can edit. Therefore, none of the entries have authors. Do you have to cite a definition from the Wikipedia if you paraphrase it? ●Wikipedia is really just common knowledge so you don’t need to cite it. (147) ●Wikipedia should be cited and paraphrased just like any other source. (51) ●Wikipedia should not be copied word for word but it doesn’t need to be cited. (47)
  • 19. Turnitin.com Turnitin.com is a web site that OSU has paid for, so teachers can check student papers for plagiarism. Your teacher tells you must submit your paper to Turnitin.com to have it checked for plagiarism. He tells you that if you do not submit your paper, you will automatically fail the course. What do you think about this? It is fair since it would catch any student who unfairly cheats. (135) It is not fair since I own my papers, so the teacher has no right to tell me to submit it to a company that makes money from the program. (68) It is not fair but I have to do it so I can take this course. (34)
  • 20. Cultural differences Do you feel that there are cultural differences in how plagiarism is defined? In my country plagiarism is treated the same as in the United States. (80) In my country, no one really cares much about plagiarism.(44) In my country, plagiarism is considered serious but is not often discussed. (113)
  • 21. Ownership of Property You published a paper with a friend. Now you want to hand in the paper to another course on a similar topic. You copy a couple of paragraphs and paste into your new paper. Your professor accuses you of plagiarism. Do you agree with this decision? – No, when I write a paper, it belongs to me, and I can do whatever I want with it. (68) – Yes, plagiarizing yourself is the same as plagiarizing someone else, so the punishment is justified. (81) – No, you can’t plagiarize yourself, so he shouldn’t have been accused, but it may be a violation of the rules of academic misconduct. (89)
  • 22. Citations Copying Student/Teacher Comparisons Intellectual Property Punishment
  • 23. Citing Ideas In a peer discussion group, you were asked to discuss your paper with your classmates. before you started writing it. One of the members of your group gave you an interesting idea. Do you need to cite the idea in your paper just as you would cite a quotation from a paper? – Yes, cite your group member’s idea just as you would cite any other source. (59) – No, you don’t need to cite it since the idea was never published. (90) – Put a footnote thanking your group member for the idea (88)
  • 24. Common Knowledge In your course, you are asked to write a research paper. You are new in the field, and much of what you know is from textbooks. This information is called common knowledge. How should you handle this kind of information in your paper? Cite it the same as it was any other kind of literature (98) You don’t need to cite it because it is common knowledge and belongs to everyone. (80) Cite it because it makes for a stronger argument in your paper (59)
  • 25. Punishment? A student was accused of copying a paragraph from his textbook and including it in a much longer paper. He was sent to the Office of Academic Misconduct. What do you think should be the appropriate penalty? – Since, the student copied without citing, he should be treated like any other plagiarist. (107) – Since it was only a small amount, he should only be warned but not given a harsh penalty. (95) – Since what is in textbooks is usually common knowledge, the student did not commit plagiarism. (36)
  • 26. Intellectual Property Can you also plagiarize images as well as texts? No, plagiarism only refers to copying texts, not anything else. (164) Yes, if you use an image in a paper, you should cite it just like a text. (49) Maybe, sometimes images are cited, but sometimes they don’t need to be. (26)
  • 27. Pedagogical Questions What attitudes should teachers have towards students who plagiarize. How should instances of plagiarism be viewed. How to design courses, assignments, and Materials for educating students about plagiarism and intellectual property. How can teachers and students what is the appropriate use of intellectual property and what may not.