Chema Alonso, José Palazón “Palako”Tactical Fingerprinting using metadata, hidden info and lost data using FOCA

2003 – a piece of historyIrak war was about to startUS wanted the UK to be an ally. US sent a document “proving” the existence of massive destruction weapons Tony Blair presented the document to the UK parliament.Parliament asked Tony Blair “Has someone modified the document?”He answered: No

2003 – MS Word bytes Tony Blair

What kind of data can be found?Metadata:Information stored to give information about the document.For example: Creator, Organization, etc..Hidden information:Information internally stored by programs and not editable.For example: Template paths, Printers, db structure, etc…Lost data:Information which is in documents due to human mistakes or negligence, because it was not intended to be there.For example: Links to internal servers, data hidden by format, etc…

MetadataMetadata LifecycleWrongmanagementBadformatconversionUnsecureoptionsWrongmanagementBadformatconversionUnsecureoptionsNew appsorprogramversionsSearchenginesSpidersDatabasesEmbeddedfilesHiddeninfoLost DataEmbeddedfiles

Metadatacreatedby Google

Lost Data

Lost data everywhere

Public server

So… are people aware of this? The answer is NO.Almost nobody is cleaning documents.Companies publish thousands of documents without cleaning them before with:Metadata.Hidden Info.Lost data.

Sample: FBI.govTotal: 4841 files

Are theyclean?Total: 1075 files

Howmany files is my companypublishing?

Sample: Printer info found in odf files returned by Google

Google Sets prediction

Sample: Info found in a PDF file

What files store Metadata, hidden info or lost data?Office documents:Open Office documents.MS Office documents.PDF Documents.XMP.EPS Documents.Graphic documents.EXIFF.XMP.And almost everything….

Pictureswith GPS info..EXIFREADERhttp://www.takenet.or.jp/~ryuuji/

Demo: Lookingfor EXIF information in ODF file

Even Videos withusers…http://video.techrepublic.com.com/2422-14075_11-207247.html

And of course, printedtxt

What can be found? Users:Creators.Modifiers .Users in paths.C:Documents and settingsjfoomyfile/home/johnnyfOperating systems.Printers.Local and remote.Paths.Local and remote.Network info.Shared Printers.Shared Folders.ACLS.Internal Servers.NetBIOS Name.Domain Name.IP Address.Database structures.Table names.Colum names.Devices info.Mobiles.Photo cameras.Private Info.Personal data.History of use.Software versions.

How can metadata be extracted?Info is in the file in raw format:Binary.ASCII .Therefore Hex or ASCII editors can be used:HexEdit.Notepad++.BintextSpecial tools can be used:ExifredaerExifToolLibextractor.Metagoofil.……or just open the file!

Tools: Libextractor

Tools: MetaGoofilhttp://www.edge-security.com/metagoofil.php

http://www.edge-security.com/metagoofil.php

Yes, also Google….

Your FBI user

Your UN user

YourScotlandYarduser

YourCarabinieriuser

YourWhiteHouseuser

Yes, we can!

DrawbacksThese tools only extract metadata.Not looking for Hidden Info.Not looking for lost data.Not post-analysis.

OnlyMetadatahttp://gnunet.org/libextractor/demo.php3

Notverygoodwith XML files (SWX, ODF, OOXML)

Google is [almost] GOD

FiletypeorExtension?

FocaFingerprinting Organizations with Collected Archives.Search for documents in Google and BingAutomatic file downloadingCapable of extracting Metadata, hidden info and lost dataCluster information Analyzes the info to fingerprint the network.

Demo: FOCA

FOCA Onlinehttp://www.informatica64.com/FOCA

Solutions?

First: Cleanallpublicdocuments

Clean your documents:MSOffice 2k7

Clean your documents: MSOffice 2k3 & XPhttp://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?displaylang=en&FamilyID=144e54ed-d43e-42ca-bc7b-5446d34e5360

OLE StreamsIn MS Office binaryformat filesStoreinformationaboutthe OSAre notcleanedwiththese ToolsFOCA findsthisinfo

Demo: Lookingforinfo in cleaneddocument

OpenOfficecleaningoptionsOnlymetadataNotcleaninghiddeninfoNotcleaninglost data

Cleaning documentsOOMetaExtractorhttp://www.codeplex.org/oometaextractor

Demo: OpenOffice “Security” Options…

Are yousaferelyingonyourusers?

IIS MetaShield Protectorhttp://www.metashieldprotector.com

Second: Beg Google todeleteallthecached files

Don´t trust your users!!!

Don´tcomplainaboutyourjob!!

PS: Thisfilealso has metadata

ThanksAuthorsChema Alonsochema@informatica64.comJose Palazón “Palako”palako@lateatral.comEnrique RandoEnrique.rando@juntadeandalucia.esAlejandro Martínamartin@informatica64.comFrancisco Ocafroca@informatica64.comAntonio Guzmánantonio.guzman@urjc.es