1. VERBAL TENSES IN ENGLISH

2. PRESENT SIMPLE. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
• I work
• You work
• He works
• She works
• It works
• We work
• You work
• They work
FORMA NEGATIVA
• I do not (don’t) work
• You do not (don’t) work
• He does not (doesn’t) work
• She does not (doesn’t) work
• It does not (doesn’t) work
• We don’t work
• You don’t work
• They don’t work

3. PRESENT SIMPLE. SPELLING RULES
• Verbos acabados en “-y”.
1- “-y” precedida de consonante: carry carries
2- “-y” precedida de vocal: stay stays
• Verbos acabados en “-o”.
Go goes
• Verbos acabados en “-s”, “-ss”, “-sh”, “ch”, “-z”, “-x”.
pass passes
wash washes
teach teaches
relax relaxes
Al verbo se le añade una
sílaba, que suena /iz/

4. PRESENT SIMPLE. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
• FORMA
INTERROGATIVA
• Do I work ?
• Do you work ?
• Does he work ?
• Does she work ?
• Does it work ?
• Do we work ?
• Do you work ?
• Do they work ?
• RESPUESTAS BREVES
• Yes, I do / No, I don’t
• Yes, you do / No, you don’t
• Yes, he does / No, he
doesn’t
• Yes, she does / No, she
doesn’t
• Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t
• Yes, we do / No, we don’t
• Yes, you do / No, you don’t
• Yes, they do / No, they don’t

5. ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA
• ALWAYS: siempre
• ALMOST ALWAYS:
casi siempre
• OFTEN: a menudo
• USUALLY: usualmente
• SOMETIMES: a veces
• HARDLY EVER: casi
nunca
• NEVER: nunca ALWAYS
ALMOSTALWAYS
OFTEN
USUALLY
SOMETIMES
HARDLYEVER
NEVER
Los adverbios de frecuencia de colocan delante del verbo

6. EXPRESIONES ADVERBIALES
• Every day, week, month..: todos los días,
semanas, meses..
• At the weekend: el fin de semana
• Once a week: una vez a la semana
• Twice a week: dos veces a la semana
• On Sundays...: los domingos..
Estas expresiones adverbiales se colocan al principio o al final
de la frase

7. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
• I am (I’m) working: yo estoy
trabajando
• You are (you’re) working: tú estás
trabajando
• He is (he’s) working: él está
trabajando
• She is ( she’s) working: ella está
trabajando
• It is (it’s) working: está trabajando
• We are (we’re) working: estamos
trabajando
• You are ( you’re) working: estáis
trabajando
• They are (they’re) working: están
trabajando.
FORMA NEGATIVA
• I am (I’m not) working: yo no estoy
trabajando
• You are not (you aren’t) working:
tú no estás trabajando
• He is not (isn’t) working: él no está
trabajando
• She is not (isn’t) working: ella no
está trabajando
• It is not (isn’t) working: no está
trabajando
• We are not (we aren’t) working: no
estamos trabajando
• You are not (you aren’t) working:
vosotros no estáis trabajando
• They are not (they aren’t) working:
no están trabajando.

8. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
• Am I working?
• Are you working?
• Is he working?
• Is she working?
• Is it working?
• Are we working?
• Are you working?
• Are they working?
SHORT ANSWERS
• Yes, I am / No I’m not
• Yes you are / No, you aren’t
• Yes, he is / No, he isn’t
• Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
• Yes, it is / No, it isn’t
• Yes, we are / No we aren’t
• Yes, you are / No you aren’t
• Yes, they are / No they
aren’t

9. PRESENT CONTINUOUS OR
PROGRESSIVE. SPELLING RULES
• Verbos acabados en “-e” muda ( no se pronuncia).
Write Writing
Agree Agreeing ( La “-e” se mantiene porque suena en el infinitivo)
• Verbos acabados en “-y”.
Carry Carrying (La “-y” se mantiene siempre)
Stay Staying
• Verbos de una sílaba con el esquema C+V+C
Stop Stopping
Run Running
• Verbos acabados con el diptongo “-ie”
Die Dying
Lie Lying
La consonante se dobla
El diptongo cambia a “-y”

10. ADVERBIOS Y EXPRESIONES
ADVERBIALES CON PRESENT SIMPLE Y
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT SIMPLE
• Always
• Almost always
• Usually
• Sometimes
• Hardly ever
• Never
• Every day
• At the weekend
• Once a week..
• On Sundays..
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
• Now: ahora
• Right now: ahora mismo
• At the moment: en este
momento
• These days,weeks..: estos
días, estas semanas..

11. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
Present Simple Presente de indicativo
Example: I teach English in a secondary school
Doy inglés en un instituto.
Present Simple Presente de subjuntivo
Example: When I get home, I will ring you up.
Cuando llegue a casa te llamaré.

12. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
Present Continuous Presente de estar + gerundio
Example: What are you doing?
¿Qué estás haciendo?.

13. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
Un uso especial del Present Continuous or Progressive es para
referirnos a nuestros planes o intenciones. En este caso, el Present
Continuous or Progressive va acompañado de una referencia de
tiempo futura ( tomorrow= mañana; next weekend= el fin de semana
que viene). En este caso, el Present Continuous se traduce con la
perífrasis: ir a hacer algo.
Example: What are you doing tomorrow evening?
¿Qué vas a hacer mañana por la noche?
Tomorrow evening I’m going out for dinner
Mañana por la noche voy a cenar fuera

14. PAST SIMPLE. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
• I worked
• You worked
• He worked
• She worked
• It worked
• We worked
• You worked
• They worked
FORMA NEGATIVA
• I did not (didn’t) work
• You did not (didn’t) work
• He did not (didn’t) work
• She did not (didn’t)work
• It did not (didn’t) work
• We did not (didn’t)work
• You did not (didn’t) work
• They did not (didn’t) work

15. PAST SIMPLE. SPELLING RULES
• Verbos acabados en “-y”.
1- “-y” precedida de consonante: carry carried
2- “-y” precedida de vocal: stay stayed
• Verbos acabados en “-e”.
advise advised
• Verbos de una sílaba con el esquema C+V+C
Stop Stopped
Plan Planned
• Verbos de dos sílabas con el esquema C+V+C cuya última sílaba es tónica (se
pronuncia con más fuerza)
PreFER Preferred
PerMIT Permitted
La consonante se dobla
La consonante se dobla

16. PAST SIMPLE. PRONUNCIATION
RULES
La terminación “-ed” tiene tres pronunciaciones diferentes: /d/ - /t/ -
/id/.
Pronunciamos /id/, por tanto añadimos una sílaba más al verbo,
cuando éste acaba en sonido dental, esto es, sonido /d/ o sonido
/t/.
Ejemplo: Start Started
End Ended
ID

17. PAST SIMPLE. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
• FORMA INTERROGATIVA
• Did I work ?
• Did you work ?
• Did he work ?
• Did she work ?
• Did it work ?
• Did we work ?
• Did you work ?
• Did they work ?
• RESPUESTAS BREVES
• Yes, I did / No, I didn’t
• Yes, you did / No, you
didn’t
• Yes, he did / No, he didn’t
• Yes, she did / No, she didn’t
• Yes, it did / No, it didn’t
• Yes, we did / No, we didn’t
• Yes, you did / No, you
didn’t
• Yes, they did / No, they
didn’t

18. IRREGULAR VERBS
Hay unos verbos en inglés que no siguen la
regla de la terminación “-ed” para formar
el pasado. Estos verbos tienen su propia
forma de pasado y constituyen el grupo de
verbos llamado verbos irregulares.
Fall Fell
WriteWrote

19. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
Past Simple Pretérito Perfecto Simple de Indicativo
Example: I worked very late yesterday.
Trabajé hasta muy tarde ayer.
Past Simple Pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo (-ara;-ase)
Example: If I saw him today.......
Si lo viera / viese hoy.......

20. PAST CONTINUOUS. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
• I was working
• You were working
• He was working
• She was working
• It was working
• We were working
• You were working
• They were working
FORMA NEGATIVA
• I was not (wasn’t) working
• You were not (weren’t)
working
• He was not (wasn’t) working
• She was not (wasn’t)
working
• It was not (wasn’t) working
• We were not (weren’t)
working
• You were not (weren’t)
working
• They were not (weren’t)
working

21. PAST CONTINUOUS. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
• Was I working?
• Were you working?
• Was he working?
• Was she working?
• Was it working?
• Were we working?
• Were you working?
• Were they working?
SHORT ANSWERS
• Yes, I was / No I wasn’t
• Yes you were / No, you
weren’t
• Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t
• Yes, she was / No, she
wasn’t
• Yes, it was / No, it wasn’t
• Yes, we were / No we
weren’t
• Yes, you were / No you
weren’t
• Yes, they were / No they
weren’t

22. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
Past Continuous Pretérito Imperfecto de Indicativo (-aba;-ía)
Example: She was driving very fast.
Conducía muy rápido.
Past Continuous Perífrasis verbal: estaba + gerundio.
Example: We were having a good time.
Nos lo estábamos pasando bien.

23. PAST CONTINUOUS AND PAST
SIMPLE IN A SENTENCE
En una frase podemos combinar el Past Simple con el Past Continuos or
Progressive. El Past Continuous se refiere a lo que estaba sucediendo
mientras que el Past Simple se refiere a lo que de repente pasó mientras algo
ya estaba ocurriendo.
En estos casos las conjunciones que usamos para unir estas acciones son
when: cuando; while: mientras
Example: The teacher was writing on the board when the bell rang.
El profesor escribía/ estaba escribiendo en la pizarra cuando sonó el
timbre.
The teacher was writing on the board
The bell rang

24. PAST PERFECT. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
• I had worked
• You had worked
• He had worked
• She had worked
• It had worked
• We had worked
• You had worked
• They had worked
FORMA NEGATIVA
• I had not (hadn’t) worked
• You had not (hadn’t) worked
• He had not (hadn’t) worked
• She had not (hadn’t) worked
• It had not (hadn’t) worked
• We had not (hadn’t) worked
• You had not (hadn’t) worked
• They had not (hadn’t)
worked

25. PAST PERFECT. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
• Had I worked?
• Had you worked?
• Had he worked?
• Had she worked?
• Had it worked?
• Had we worked?
• Had you worked?
• Had they worked?
SHORT ANSWERS
• Yes, I had/ No I hadn’t
• Yes you had / No, you
hadn’t
• Yes, he had / No, he hadn’t
• Yes, she had / No, she
hadn’t
• Yes, it had / No, it hadn’t
• Yes, we had / No we hadn’t
• Yes, you had / No you
hand’t
• Yes, they had / No they
hadn’t

26. PAST PERFECT DE UN VERBO
IRREGULAR
Como hemos visto en las anteriores diapositivas el past
perfect se forma con had + participio, cuya terminación es
igual que la del pasado de un verbo regular, esto es, con la
terminación “-ed”.
De nuevo tenemos el problema de los verbos irregulares.
El participio de estos verbos tiene su propia forma y por
tanto habrá que aprender dicho participio. Por ejemplo:
Write Witten You had written
Know Known She had known

27. USE OF PAST PERFECT
El past perfect se usa para describir una acción pasada
que es anterior a otra pasada.
Example: I had laid the table before my
guests arrived
Había puesto la mesa antes de que llegaran
mis invitados
¿Qué acción sucede en primer lugar? Poner la mesa
Por tanto el verbo va en past pefect

28. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
Past Perfect Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de indicativo
I had made a reservation before we arrived at the hotel
Había hecho una reserva antes de que llegáramos al hotel
Past Perfect Pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo
If I hadn’t made a reservation before....
Si no hubiera/ hubiese hecho antes una reseva......

29. WAYS OF EPRESSING FUTURE. TO
WORK (TRABAJAR)
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
• I will work
• You will work
• He will work
• She will work
• It will work
• We will work
• You will work
• They will work
FORMA NEGATIVA
• I will not ( won’t) work
• You will not ( won’t) work
• He will not ( won’t) work
• She will not ( won’t) work
• It will not ( won’t) work
• We will not ( won’t) work
• You will not ( won’t) work
• They will not ( won’t) work

30. WAYS OF EPRESSING FUTURE.
WILL.TO WORK (TRABAJAR)
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
• Will I work?
• Will you work?
• Will he work?
• Will she work?
• Will it work?
• Will we work?
• Will you work?
• Will they work?
SHORT ANSWERS
• Yes, I will/ No I won’t
• Yes you will / No, you won’t
• Yes, he will / No, he won’t
• Yes, she will / No, she won’t
• Yes, it will / No, it won’t
• Yes, we will / No we won’t
• Yes, you will / No you won’t
• Yes, they will / No they
won’t

31. USE OF WILL
PREDICTIONS
People will live longer and so life expectancy will increase
Las persona vivirán más y por tanto la expectativa de vida aumentará.
I’m afraid the prices of flats will not (won’t) go down.
Me temo que los precios de los pisos no bajarán.

32. USE OF WILL
PROMISES
I promise I wont’ let you down.
Prometo que no te defraudaré.

33. OFFERINGS ( SHALL I....?)
Shall I get you a drink?
¿Quieres que te ponga algo de beber?
SUGGESTIONS ( SHALL WE...?)
Shall we dine out tonight?
¿Quieres que salgamos cenar esta noche?
USE OF WILL

34. USE OF WILL
SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS
YOU HAVE LEARNT YOU HAVE WON THE LOTTERY. YOUR FIRST
REACTION IS : I will buy a big house!
YOU SEE YOUR NEIGHBOUR CARRYING TWO HEAVY BAGS.
YOUR REACTION IS: I will help you.
YOU SEE SOMEONE HAS BEEN ROBBED. YOUR FIRST REACTION
IS: I will phone the police!

35. WAYS OF EPRESSING FUTURE. BE
GOING TO . TO WORK (TRABAJAR)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
I am( I’m) going to work
You are( you’re) going to work
He is (he’s) going to work
She is (she’s) going to work
It is (it’s) going to work
We are (we’re) going to work
You are (you’re) going to work
They are (they’re) going to work
NEGATIVE FORM
I am notgoing to work
You are not (aren’t) going to work
He is not (isn’t) going to work
She is not (isn’t) going to work
It is not (isn’t) going to work
We are not (aren’t) going to work
You are not (aren’t) going to work
They are not (aren’t) going to work

36. WAYS OF EPRESSING FUTURE. BE
GOING TO . TO WORK (TRABAJAR)
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Am I going to work?
Are you going to work?
Is he going to work?
Is she going to work?
Is it going to work?
Are we going to work?
Are you going to work?
Are they going to work?
SHORT ANSWERS
• Yes, I am / No I’m not
• Yes you are / No, you aren’t
• Yes, he is / No, he isn’t
• Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
• Yes, it is / No, it isn’t
• Yes, we are / No we aren’t
• Yes, you are / No you aren’t
• Yes, they are / No they aren’t

37. USES OF BE GOING TO
PLANS AND INTENTIONS
(Ir a hacer algo)
This year I’m going to learn English!
Este año voy a aprender inglés.

38. USES OF BE GOING TO
IMMEDIATE FUTURE
(Futuro inmediato, algo está a punto de
suceder)
A: The sky is very cloudy
B: Yes. It’s going to rain.
Sí.Va a llover

39. WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
HAZ CLICK AQUÍ PARA IR A LA DIAPOSITIVA
CORRESPONDIENTE

40. PRESENT PERFECT. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
• I have worked
• You have worked
• He has worked
• She has worked
• It has worked
• We have worked
• You have worked
• They have worked
FORMA NEGATIVA
• I have not / haven’t worked
• You have not / haven’t worked
• He has not / hasn’t worked
• She has not / hasn’t worked
• It has not / hasn’t worked
• We have not / haven’t worked
• You have not / haven’t worked
• They have not / haven’t worked

41. PRESENT PERFECT. TO WORK
(TRABAJAR)
FORMA INTEROGATIVA
• Have I worked?
• Have you worked?
• Has he worked?
• Has she worked?
• Has it worked?
• Have we worked?
• Have you worked?
• Have they worked?
SHORT ANSWERS
• Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t
• Yes you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
• Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
• Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t
• Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes,they have /No, they haven’t

42. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
Present Perfect Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto
I have travelled to many different countries
He viajado a muchos países diferentes
She has met a lot of celebrities in her career as a
journalist
Ha conocido a muchos famosos en su profesión
como periodista.

43. ADVERBIOS USADOS CON PRESENT
PERFECT
EVER: alguna vez. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio). Ejemplo: Have
you ever seen a falling star?: ¿Has visto alguna vez una estrella fugaz?
NEVER: nunca. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio).
Ejemplo: I have never been to the USA: Nunca he estado en
los Estados Unidos.
JUST: Con este adverbio nos referimos a acciones muy recientes, por tanto lo
traducimos como acabar de hacer algo. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del
participio).
Ejemplo: -Is Claudia in? –Yes, she has just arrived. – ¿Esta Claudia?
- Sí, acaba de llegar.
RECENTLY: recientemente. Podemos usar este adverbio en distintas posiciones dentro de
la frase. Ejemplo: Have you been on a diet recently? (final de la frase) ¿Te
has puesto a dieta recientemente?
I have recently re-read “Cien Años de Soledad” (antes del participio) : He
vuelto a leer recientemente “Cien Años de Soledad”.

44. DIFERENCIAS ENTRE PRESENT
PERFECT Y PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT
1- Preguntamos si alguien ha hecho alguna vez
en su vida:
Ejemplo: Have you ever eaten snails? ¿Has
comido alguna vez caracoles?
2- Decimos lo que hemos hecho en nuestra vida
Ejemplo. I have eaten snails. He comido
caracoles
3- Usamos el present prefect con referencias de
tiempo que aún no han acabado .como por
ejemplo: this year, today..
Ejemplo: I’ve seen Carla today. Hoy he visto
a Carla
PAST SIMPLE
1- Preguntamos cuándo hizo alguien algo.
Ejemplo: When did you eat snails? ¿Cuándo
comiste caracoles?
2- Decimos cuándo hicimos algo. Evidentemente
acompañaremos esta frase con una
referencia de tiempo pasada.
Ejemplo: I ate snails when I was a child.
Comí caracoles cuando era niño.
3- Usamos el past simple con referencias de
tiempo ya acabadas, como por ejemplo: last
year, yesterday
Ejemplo; I saw Carla yesterday. Ayer vi a
Carla

45. ADVERBIOS USADOS CON PRESENT
PERFECT
ALREADY: Ya. Se coloca antes del verbo principal (del participio) y en
oraciones afirmativas. Ejemplo: They have already finished their
work so they are going home. Ya han acabado su trabajo así que se
van a casa.
YET: Este adverbio tiene dos significados diferentes según el tipo de
oración. Veamos:
1- oraciones interrogativas: ya. Su posición es al final.
Ejemplo: Have you sent all these emails yet? ¿Has enviado ya
todos estos correos?
2- oraciones negativas: todavía. Su posición es al final.
Ejemplo: No I haven’t sent them yet. No, todavía no los he
enviado.

46. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.
TO WORK (TRABAJAR)
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
• I have been working
• You have been working
• He has been working
• She has been working
• It has been working
• We have ben working
• You have been working
• They have been working
FORMA NEGATIVA
• I have not / haven’t been
working
• You have not / haven’t been
working
• He has not / hasn’t been
working
• She has not / hasn’t been
working
• It has not / hasn’t been
working
• We have not / haven’t been
working
• You have not / haven’t been
working
• They have not / haven’t been
working

47. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.
TO WORK (TRABAJAR)
FORMA INTEROGATIVA
• Have I been working?
• Have you been working?
• Has he been working?
• Has she been working?
• Has it been working?
• Have we been working?
• Have you been working?
• Have they been working?
SHORT ANSWERS
• Yes, I have/ No, I haven’t
• Yes you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
• Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t
• Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t
• Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
• Yes, you have / No, you haven’t
• Yes,they have /No, they haven’t

48. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
El Present Perfect Continuous equivale a nuestra
perífrasis: haber estado haciendo algo.
En este sentido, su uso es muy parecido al del
present perfect + just: acabar de hacer algo.
Ejemplo: -What’s the matter? You have tears in
your eyes! ¿Qué pasa? ¡Tienes lágrimas en los
ojos! - Don’t worry. I have been peeling onions.
No te preocupes. He estado pelando cebollas

49. USOS ESPECIALES DE PRESENT PERFECT
(CONTINUOUS) CON FOR/SINCE.
• Es muy frecuente usar ambos tiempos verbales
con las preposiciones de tiempo for y since. Son
frases del tipo:
I have been a teacher for 23 years.
Soy profesor desde hace veintitrés años.
I have been living in Madrid since 1975.
Vivo/Llevo viviendo en Madrid desde 1975.
Llama la atención como he traducido estas frases
¿verdad?

50. USOS ESPECIALES DE PRESENT PERFECT
(CONTINUOUS) CON FOR/SINCE.
• En primer lugar hay que saber que usamos el present perfect simple o
el present perfect continuous con for/since para referirnos a acciones
que empezaron en el pasado pero que todavía se continúan en el
presente.
I became a teacher
1987 2010
I am a teacher
I have been a teacher for 23 years
Soy profesor desde hace 23 años
I have been a teacher since 1987
Soy profesor desde 1987

51. USOS ESPECIALES DE PRESENT PERFECT
(CONTINUOUS) CON FOR/SINCE.
DIFERENCIAS ENTRE FOR Y SINCE.
FOR: se usa para indicar la cantidad de tiempo que
llevamos haciendo algo.
Ejemplo: I have been studying sign language for four
months: Llevo estudiando/estudio lengua de signos desde
hace cuatro meses.
SINCE: se usa para indicar el momento o fecha exacta en
que empezamos a hacer algo.
Ejemplo: I have been studying sign language since
October: Llevo estudiando/estudio lengua de signos desde
octubre.

52. EXPRESIONES CON FOR/SINCE
FOR
• Three minutes
• Two hours
• Some weeks (unas, algunas semanas)
• One month
• Many years
• Ages (mucho tiempo)
• A long time (mucho tiempo)
• ......
Como se ve con estos ejemplos,
siempre usamos for con expresiones
referidas a cantidades de tiempo.
SINCE
• Nine o’clock
• Yesterday
• Thursday
• 2006
• Last Christmas
• I was a child (era niño)
• I first saw you... (te vi por primera
vez)
• .......
Como se ve a partir de estos ejemplos,
usamos since con expresiones de
tiempo exactas, que nos marcan el
comienzo de una acción.

53. HOW LONG WITH PRESENT
PERFECT (CONTINUOUS).
Es muy frecuente usar el Present Perfect Simple y el Present Perfect Continuous en
interrogativas con how long.
En este caso lo traducimos al castellano como:
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que
Ejemplos: How long have you been a teacher?
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que eres profesor?
How long have you been living in Madrid?
¿Cuánto tiempo hace que llevas viviendo en Madrid?
haces algo?
llevas haciendo algo?

54. EQUIVALENCIA CON LOS TIEMPOS
VERBALES EN CASTELLANO
Cuando usamos el Present Perfect Simple (have/has+participio) o el
Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been+ing) con las
preposiciones For /Since la equivalencia en castellano es:
1- Presente de indicativo
2- Llevar haciendo algo x tiempo.
Ejemplos:
1- I have known my English teacher since October: Conozco a mi
profesor de inglés desde octubre.
2- I have been teaching for 23 years: Llevo dando clase desde hace
23 años.

55. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS CON FOR/SINCE.
Por último saber cuándo usar Present Perfect Simple
(have/has+participio) y cuándo Present Perfect Continuous (have/has
been+ing).
Present Perfect Simple
Non-action verbs: be – have (cuando expresa posesión) – know-
love-hate...
Ejemplos:
I’ve had this car since 1999: tengo este coche desde 1999
They have known their teacher for four months: Conocen a su
profesor desde hace cuatro meses.

56. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE / PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS CON FOR/SINCE.
Present Perfect Continuous
Action verbs: Verbos que describen una acción, en vez de un estado,
como en la diapositiva anterior
Ejemplos:
I’ve been working as a teacher since 1987: Trabajo / Llevo
trabajando de profesor desde 1987
They have been learning English with Jesús for four months:
Llevan aprendiendo inglés con Jesús (desde hace) cuatro meses.