E NGLISH L ANGUAGE A CQUISITION & T HE R OLE OF ICT Charles Cornelius ICT

E NGLISH L ANGUAGE A CQUISITION & T HE R OLE OF ICT Charles Cornelius ICT Information Communication Technology How do children develop the ability to communicate in a foreign language? How can ICT help?

vision4learning.wikispaces.com

Professor Stephen Heppell Emerging Technologies

Stephen Krashen Monitor Theory

Monitor Theory natural order acquisition-learning input monitor affective filter

natural order

Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Two separate processes LEARNING ACQUISITION Subconscious Similar to first language Communication not correctness Fluency Conscious Structured teaching Knowledge (eg grammatical rules) Accuracy

Monitor Hypothesis Learning can support acquisition by checking and correcting communication ACQUISITION LEARNING

Natural Order Hypothesis -ing endings he is play ing football Simple plurals two cat s Linking verb “to be” Zuzka is a teacher Auxiliary verbs she is talking Article the , a Irregular past tense he went Regular past she looked 3rd person singular she runs Possessives Josef ’s nose

Input Hypothesis “ The single most important concept in foreign language acquisition theory today.”

Optimal Input “ The main function of the foreign language teacher is to help make input comprehensible. ” Comprehensible Interesting Relevant Not grammatically sequenced In sufficient quantity

Comprehensible Input For acquisition to take place, the input needs to be a little bit beyond what the student already knows. Krashen: i+1 How? Background knowledge Contextual clues Graphic clues Non-linguistic clues Scaffolding

Comprehensible Input i + 1 input i + 1 input i + 1 input i + 1 input i + 1 input i + 1 input i + 1 input In Sufficient Quantity

Affective Filter Hypothesis COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT WORRY

Affective Filter Hypothesis COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT STRESSED

Affective Filter Hypothesis COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT EMBARRASSED

Affective Filter Hypothesis COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT HAPPY

Affective Filter Hypothesis Don’t put student on the defensive Allow student to be silent Don’t do too much error correction

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER CHARLIE’S TOP TEN WAYS

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 10 CHAT ROOMS

CHAT ROOM Optimal Input comprehensible relevant and interesting to chatters Lots of input Affective filter Uninhbited Time delay

Optimal Input

comprehensible

relevant and interesting to chatters

Lots of input

Affective filter

Uninhbited

Time delay

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 9 EMAIL

EMAIL Optimal Input highly relevant and realistic form of communication emails can contain considerable input to read Affective filter Low because of long response time

Optimal Input

highly relevant and realistic form of communication

emails can contain considerable input to read

Affective filter

Low because of long response time

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 8 BLOGGING

BLOGGING Optimal Input focus is more on output may encourage reading other blogs uses revevant and realistic language Affective filter work is on public display

Optimal Input

focus is more on output

may encourage reading other blogs

uses revevant and realistic language

Affective filter

work is on public display

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 7 PODCASTS

PODCASTING Optimal Input Excellent form of listening input Can be on almost every subject so will be relevant and interesting Can be quite lengthy, so provide sufficient input Affective filter Low because the focus is on comprehension, not response

Optimal Input

Excellent form of listening input

Can be on almost every subject so will be relevant and interesting

Can be quite lengthy, so provide sufficient input

Affective filter

Low because the focus is on comprehension, not response

Noam Chomsky

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 6 DICTIONARIES

DICTIONARIES Optimal Input provides a tool for comprehensible input provides greater access to interesting, relevant material Affective filter allows student to be independent quick way of overcoming lack of comprehension, so motivation stays high

Optimal Input

provides a tool for comprehensible input

provides greater access to interesting, relevant material

Affective filter

allows student to be independent

quick way of overcoming lack of comprehension, so motivation stays high

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 5 ONLINE TEXT

ONLINE TEXT Optimal Input colossal amounts of interesting, relevant input effort needed to make it comprehensible

Optimal Input

colossal amounts of interesting, relevant input

effort needed to make it comprehensible

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 4 ONLINE VIDEO

ONLINE VIDEO Optimal Input Video is more comprehensible because of non-linguistic clues Can be highly relevant and interesting Affective filter low filter because of interest factor

Optimal Input

Video is more comprehensible because of non-linguistic clues

Can be highly relevant and interesting

Affective filter

low filter because of interest factor

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 3 VIDEO CONFERENCING

Ardleigh Green Junior School

VIDEO CONFERENCING Optimal Input children focus on meaning and communication lots of input, made more comprehensible by non-linguistic clues Affective filter highly motivational

Optimal Input

children focus on meaning and communication

lots of input, made more comprehensible by non-linguistic clues

Affective filter

highly motivational

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 2 VIRTUAL WORLDS

Second Life

OPTIMAL INPUT LOW AFFECTIVE FILTER N UMBER 1 LANGUAGE QUESTS

LANGUAGE QUESTS Optimal Input teacher selects input from web, so can be ‘rough tuned’ for student quests can respond to interests of students Affective filter tends to use group work students can work at own pace

Optimal Input

teacher selects input from web, so can be ‘rough tuned’ for student

quests can respond to interests of students

Affective filter

tends to use group work

students can work at own pace

Language Quests Virtual Worlds Video Conferencing Online Video Online Texts Electronic Dictionaries Podcasts Blogging Email Chat

Language Quests

Virtual Worlds

Video Conferencing

Online Video

Online Texts

Electronic Dictionaries

Podcasts

Blogging

Email

Chat