Presentation from CCAFS Science Workshop, Bonn, 11th June 2011

1. Call for a Transformational Process in the face of Climate Changein Sub Saharan Agriculture Alain L. ANGE Technical Adviser Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa

3. From Adaptation to Adaptation and Mitigation

5. 1b - Farmers did better within their context

6. 1c - Very little change in average farm size

8. The first signals of climate change happened in the Mid Seventies;

9. Domestic production could not match increasing food demand;

10. Average people’ s income from industrial export crops decreased;

11. Land degradation affected 1/3 of the cropped area.The actual vulnerability of farmers should be evaluated within the considerable shifts that happened in production systems and income sources and expenditures within the growing scarcity of natural resource.

13. Land use planning giving access to harnessed resources

14. Production chains development, credit, fair market access

17. Increasing farm size (motorization and animal draught ) within land use plans;

18. Increasing labour productivity through mechanization and system approach;

19. Increasing land productivity through new breeds, inputs use, water management;

20. Increasing resilience / sustainability through biodiversity, diversification and conservation farming combined with financial systems

21. Intensification and risks sharing through effective production chains

22. Agricultural progress articulated with participatory/ decentralized land use planning, backed by public investment for infrastructuresAdaptation to climate change is inserted into a steady process of agricultural development and fuelled by combined Public and Private Investment reducing poverty, backed by institutional progress.

23. Practically facing climate change in a rapidly expanding agriculture 10 domains for action through partnerships Generating and sharing accurate information Provide resilience to accrued temperatures Provide resilience to the vagaries of rains Harness water flows in excess in the watersheds Support diversification and intensification of agricultural production systems Settle development tools and capital growth mechanisms and secure those through insurances and buffer financial systems; Develop social safety nets for the vulnerable Secure food availability through resilient food systems and security stocks Secure people, crops and livestock from emerging diseases, pest outbreaks and epidemics Provide capacity to decentralized participatory innovation systems while reinforcing capacity for centralized invention systems fuelling innovation

25. Locally collected meteorological information + decision models

26. Inputs and outputs markets information

27. Information on food security stocks and insurance systems

28. Information on access to land, on systems and infrastructures harnessing natural resources

29. Information about available cultivars and animal breeds

30. Information on production chains and related access ▬►Partners = meteorological services, research, extension, NGOs, private sector, medias, local governments

31. Provide resilience to accrued temperature Forecasted temperature changes are not marginal for agriculture: each [degree x day] that maize spends above 30°C depress yields by 1% if crops have enough water and by 1.7% if crops face drought. Resilience will be provided through restructuring the land use Crops are sheltered by trees as done in oasis farming; Regular sets of lines of trees break hot winds; Tree plantations allow for mechanized farming; Trees plantation contribute to water harvesting and erosion control within restructured land use; Agro-forestry maintains soil fertility and composes resilient multi-storey cropping systems; Planted trees support new production chains and employment. Crop selection is oriented towards resistance to temperature. ▬►Partners = Farmers’ organizations, forestry services, local governments, research and extension, NGOs, wood industry

33. Water harvesting developed to tap excessive rains for in situ storage (conservation farming)

34. Land shaping for harvesting run-off water and storage in local tanks and reservoirs for local irrigation;

35. Complementary irrigation for facing drought spells and promotion of drip irrigation wherever possible.▬►Partners = local farmers’ associations, local government, Ministry of Agriculture, water service, private sector, research, extension, NGOs

36. Harness water flows in the watersheds Revisit the hydrology of the lowlands for organizing protecting dykes, expansion of floods and water harvesting; Connect water harvesting on slopes with water management for irrigation in lowlands Promote the development of trees in watersheds for regulating water flows in lowlands Expand irrigated areas, while promoting water saving technologies Develop local institutions for water harvesting and use ▬►Partnership = Government, watershed agencies, local government farmers’ organizations, research, extension, NGOs, private sector.

38. Support mechanization and motorization of small scale farming through adequate financing mechanisms;

39. Organize inputs access with necessary financing systems;

40. Link intensification with improved access to water;

41. Organize harvest storage systems;

42. Support the development of production chains contributing to the promotion of farming in relation to diversification.▬►Partners = Ministry of agriculture, farmers’ organization, banking sector, processing – marketing sector, R & D Support diversification and intensification of agricultural production systems

43. Secure development tools and capital growth through insurances and buffer financial systems -> Insurances save farmers’ investments and secure credit systems, thus easing contributions from private sector. -> Insurance and credit systems should be buffered through public funding in case of disasters. Develop insurance systems and buffer those through public disaster management schemes; Connect credit and insurances to reduce premiums; Involve farmers’ unions in the management. Involve all stakeholders in production chains in securing farming against climatic risks ▬►Partners = Government, banks, insurances, farmers’ unions, private sector, research, extension, CSOs, NGOs.

44. Develop safety nets for the vulnerable Develop social safety nets so that poor people would be given access to development programs and insurances; Partly finance safety nets through innovative management of commons at community level for mitigation of CC; Mobilize jobless people in local infrastructure development; Promote educated youth for managing financial services, security stocks, safety nets and for advisory services; Develop targeted jobs at community level for promoting ecological services; ▬► Promote capacity of local governments

45. Secure food availability through resilient food systems and security stocks Develop security food stocks that would buffer for shortages and surplus at local level; Connect those stocks with national food security stocks; Organize food for work for contribution to infrastructures Connect those local stocks with the warrantage system; Organize connection between credit, insurance and security stocks in order to alleviate poverty. Promote regional trade for securing access to food ▬►Partners = Government and local government; banks and insurances, farmers’ organizations, CSOs and NGOs, private sector, research, extension.

47. Development of sanitary barrier and containment systems

48. Development of vaccinations

49. Development of phyto-sanitary intervention programs

50. Design of health protection programs and quick intervention

51. Training all professionals concerned and informing the public▬► Partners = Government, sanitary, veterinarian and phyto sanitary services, farmers’ organizations, research, CSOs, NGOs, Private sector, extension

53. National capacity to be improved through institutional development for:

54. Support to information systems servicing the public

55. Support to land use planning and land greening

56. Support to water harvesting and water management

57. Support to farm development and intensification

58. Development of financial and insurance systems

59. Development of food security stocks, social safety nets

61. in improved land use planning, investment in land and water;

62. in the intensification process, in market development and production chain development;

63. in the development of buffer stocks, insurances and credit.The government should organize and fund for greening the land, harnessing water, developing key infrastructures and safety nets and provide accurate policies and institutional development. The private sector should develop fair production chains.

64. Thank you aange@fara-africa.org www.fara-africa.org 25