FTTH Conference 2011 Milan WORKSHOP Josef Faller

Converged In-Building Networks using POF – Economics and Advanced Techniques Ton (A.M.J.) Koonen, Henrie van den Boom, Hejie Yang, Chigo Okonkwo, Solomon Abraha, Eduward Tangdiongga COBRA Institute, Eindhoven Univ. of Technology, The Netherlands Eduardo Ortego Martinez Telefonica I+D, Spain Josef Faller Homefibre, Austria e-mail: a.m.j.koonen@tue.nl ; j.faller@homefibre.atWorkshop “From FTTH to FITH – Complementary and Convergent In-Building Networks” in conjunction with FTTH Conference, Milano, Feb. 8, 2011 COBRA amjk 1

The ALPHA project ALPHA – Architectures for fLexible Photonic Home and Access networks FP7 Integrated Project, part of the ICT programme Jan. 1, 2008, to March 31, 2011 Key focus: PHY (optical fibre) (+ MAC + IP) Budget: 16.5 M€ (ca 60 persons full- and part-time) 17 partners from 10 European countries: Industry  Research Institutes Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs (F) Acreo (S) Andrew Wireless (I) IBBT (B) 3S Photonics (F)  Universities HomeFibre (A) Bangor Univ. (UK) Telsey (I) Bologna Univ. (I) Luceat (I) DTU (DK) Operators Eindhoven Univ. of Technology (NL) France Telecom R&D (F) Torino, Politecnico di – (I) Telefonica I+D (E) Valencia, Univ. Politecnica de – (E) Telekom Polska (PL) amjk 2

Outline  Integration of services in in-building networks  In-building network architectures  Modelling of network costs  Comparing the costs of network solutions  Evolution of network costs  Advanced techniques for wired and wireless service delivery  Conclusions and roadmap amjk 3

Today’s in-home networksA variety of networks: Twisted pair copper lines: Telephone, fax, … Satellite dish/ FWA dish Coaxial copper lines: CATV, videorec, radio, … (HD)TV Cat-5 cables: laptop Mobile network PC-s, routers, hubs, (GSM, UMTS, …) mobile printers, servers, … coax Cat-5 PC Wireless LAN: Laptops, PDAs, … O WiFi Tel. Infrared: Optical Fibre network N router mp3 remote control U CATV download Coax Cable network fax TP PDA TV/videorec/radio/… Twisted Pair network Tel. print  Complicates maintenance, upgrading, running of services on multiple platforms, interaction of services, … amjk 4

Converged in-home network: with fibre Converged in-home backbone network, Satellite dish/ FWA dish integrating wired & wireless services optical fibre  reduces installation and webcam maintenance efforts  eases introduction and HDTV laptop Mobile network PC upgrading of services (GSM, UMTS, …) mobile optical  integration e.g. by WDM fibre VoIP RG Optical Fibre mp3 faxcoax network download print PDAPOFSMF  converged in-home network on POF amjk 5

Wired network architecture options M M M M 1 2 3 N 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N 2 2 2 3 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 3 N HCC 1 1 1access 1 2 N 1 2 N access 1 2 N 2 1 2 3 N HCC access HCC HCC netw. netw. netw. P2P bus tree 1 1 2 3 N access HCC=home communication controller, gateway netw. star – tree  also hybrid architectures  cabling - copper: CAT-5E, coax, power lines - fibre: large-core SI-POF/GI-POF, silica GI-MMF, silica SMF  max. reach fast Ethernet: POF typ. 70m, Cat-5E 100m, MMF 550m → increase coverage by centralising the HCC: e.g., star-tree  opaque (with OEO conversions), or all-optical (with power splitting and/or λ-routing)  the architectures may be compared re installation costs, operation costs, and functionality amjk 6

Cost modelling of architectures Cable diameters: Bus • CAT-5E 5 mm M • MMF/SMF 2.5 mm 1 2 N • POF 2 mm 2 1 2 N 1 35 1 2 N H access HCC netw. L 30 Cat-5E 25 Duct costs (Euro/m)Cable length M M 20 F = M ⋅ N ⋅ L + ∑ m H =M ⋅ N ⋅ L + H ⋅ ⋅ ( M + 1) m =1 2 15 MMFDuct costs D = M ⋅ H ⋅ p ( M ) + M ⋅ N ⋅ L ⋅ p (1) 10Number of OEO hubs p(M) = duct costs per 5 POFT =M ⋅N unit length for duct containing M cables 0Number of connectors 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70C = 2 ⋅ M + 2 ⋅ M ⋅ ( N − 1) + M ⋅ N = 3 ⋅ M ⋅ N No. of cablesNumber of media converters CAT-5E POF MMF CAT-5E MMF POF approx. approx. approx.MC = 2 ⋅ M + 2 ⋅ M ⋅ ( N − 1) = 2 ⋅ M ⋅ N costs of buried ducts amjk 7

Cost items used in the analysis(based on market price surveys) Cat-5E POF SMF MMFInstalled cable costs 1.8 €/m 1.7 €/m 1.74 €/m 1.95 €/mMax. link length 100 m 70 m 1000 m 550 mMounted connector costs 13 € 3€ 15 € * 14 € *Media converter costs; power consumption (negligible); 0.65 W 30 €; 0,85 W 70 €; 1.15 W 40 €; 1.15 WHub/tap costs; power consumption 20 €; 0.2 W 20 €; 0.2 W 20€; 0.2 W 20€; 0.2 W Switch costs, power consumption 10 €/port; 10€/port; 10 €/port; 10 €/port; 0.3 W/port 0.3 W/port 0.3 W/port 0.3 W/port * these prices vary considerably for the various connector types and their mounting methods; we assumed SC connectors, and about 10 minutes in-field mounting time per connector (labour costs about 10€) Duplex POF Cat-5E 1 mm amjk 8

Building scenariosHome Office MDU M N H (m) L (m) M N H (m) L (m) M N H (m) L (m) 3 4 3.3 8 10 50 3.8 10 10 16 4 14Basic topologies M M M 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N P2P 2 Bus 2 1 2 N Tree 2 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 1 1 access HCC 1 2 N H access HCC 1 2 N H H access HCC 1 2 N netw . netw . netw . L L L M M M 1 2 3 N 1 2 3 N 1 2 3 N 3 3 3 1 2 3 N 1 2 3 N 1 2 3 N Star-P2P HCC HCC HCC 2 1 2 3 N Star-Bus 2 1 2 3 N Star-Tree 2 1 2 3 N 1 1 1 1 2 3 N 1 2 3 N H 1 2 3 N H H access access access netw. netw. netw. L L L amjk 9

Residential home, M=3 floors CAPEX OPEX 450 5 Bus CAT-5E Tree 400 P2PAv. install. costs/room (Euro) Power consumption/room (W) Bus duplex POF 350 4 Tree P2P 300 Bus SMF Tree 3 250 P2P Bus MMF 200 Tree 2 P2P 150 star-P2P duplex POF star-bus duplex POF 100 star-tree duplex POF 1 star-P2P CAT-5E 50 star-bus CAT-5E star-tree CAT-5E 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No. of rooms/floor No. of rooms/floor  buried ducts  CAPEX and OPEX per room  CAPEX: - is a bit lower with on-the-wall ducts - for small buildings, P2P topology attractive - for large buildings, cable-lean P2MP bus or star-bus topologies  OPEX: - lowest with P2P and star-P2P amjk 10 - for large buildings, tree and star-tree more efficient than bus and star-bus

Residential home, 3 floors, 4 rooms/floor- duct sharing with AC power lines bus topology buried ducts 300 300 Av. install. costs/room (Euro) Av. install. costs/room (Euro) 250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 50 50 0 0 CAT-5E CAT-5E duplex duplex SMF MMF CAT-5E CAT-5E duplex duplex SMF MMF star POF POF star POF POF star star duct cable devices conn. mediac. duct cable devices conn. mediac. No duct sharing Duct sharing Duplex POF competitive with CAT-5E (when duct sharing) amjk 11

Office building, 10 floors, 50 rooms/floor bus Bus tree Tree P2P P2P 900 900 900 Av. install. costs/room (Euro) Av. install. costs/room (Euro)Av. install. costs/room (Euro) 800 800 800 700 700 700 600 600 600 500 500 500 Buried 400 400 400 300 300 300 ducts 200 200 200 100 100 100 0 0 0 CAT-5E CAT-5E simplex duplex duplex SMF MMF CAT-5E CAT-5E simplex duplex duplex SMF MMF CAT-5E CAT-5E simplex duplex duplex SMF MMF star POF POF POF star POF POF POF star POF POF POF star star star duct cable devices conn. mediac. duct cable devices conn. mediac. duct cable devices conn. mediac. Bus Tree P2P 800 800 800 Av. install. costs/room (Euro) Av. install. costs/room (Euro) Av. install. costs/room (Euro) 700 700 700 600 600 600 500 500 500 400 400 400 On-the- 300 300 300 wall 200 200 200 100 100 100 ducts 0 0 0 CAT-5E CAT-5E simplex duplex duplex SMF MMF CAT-5E CAT-5E simplex duplex duplex SMF MMF CAT-5E CAT-5E simplex duplex duplex SMF MMF star POF POF POF star POF POF POF star POF POF POF star star star duct cable devices conn. mediac. duct cable devices conn. mediac. duct cable devices conn. mediac. Bus topology attractive for large buildings (most cable-lean) amjk 12

POF Home network installation (by Homefibre) Cat 5 POF POF – ALL IP 5 Connections 10 Connections 40 Connections pre-installed pre-installed pre-installed Investition für die Netzwerk Vorverkabelung einer Wohnung/eines Hauses 700,00 € 630,00 € 600,00 € 500,00 € 372,00 € Euro 400,00 € 300,00 € 200,00 € 111,00 € 100,00 € 0,00 € S-01 Cat5 x 5 im S-02 POF x 5 mit S-03 POF x 20 mit eigenen Rohr Elektroinstallation Elektroinst. amjk 13

POF Home network installation (by Homefibre) = POF Wall Outlet with integrated Switch = Wall Outlet – prepared with POF Cable = POF – SI Cable (e.g. RH 4002) in Combination with electrical wiring installation = Distribution Cabinet and POF Switch amjk 14

Techno-economics - evolution Today’s analysis: used today’s market prices for the various network infrastructure elements Extrapolation into the future: - labour costs: will increase due to inflation; NPV* may stay constant (unless productivity gets higher by better tools) - product unit costs: will decrease due to growing market volumes, which will more than outweigh the increase due to inflation; NPV will decrease (but may increase for copper, due to scarcity) - energy consumption: costs will increase due to inflation, due to rising prices of primary energy sources (oil, gas, coal), and rising (CO2-related) taxes; NPV will increase Impact on CAPEX and OPEX of the various topologies is to be studied Network costs over its lifetime are minimized by optimizing CAPEX and OPEX jointly amjk 15* NPV = net present value

Techno-economics - evolution  CAPEX of cable-rich topologies (tree, P2P) will come down w.r.t. the cable-lean bus topology OPEX is minimum for passively-split (optically transparent) network OPEX of opaque networks will rise; is found to be lowest for P2P, followed by tree  When optimizing CAPEX + lifetime-accumulated OPEX, and taking into account economic lifetime, for opaque networks the tree topology (or P2P for smaller buildings) may become equally attractive as (/more attractive than) the bus. amjk 16* NPV = net present value

Trendline example: P2P network with POF, residentialhome, M=3 floors, N=4 rooms/floor, duct sharingCosts of POF network per room over its lifetime, when installed in year x : Network costs per room NPV network costs per room 250 250 total costs (NPV; in Euro) 200 200total costs (Euro) 150 energy 150 energy labour labour 100 material 100 material 50 50 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 year x year xInput data: in year 0: per room material costs 70€, labour 40€, power consumption 1.7W, energy price 0.1 €/kWh inflation 2% p.y. ; product unit costs -5% p.y., economic lifetime 25 years power consumption is a decision factor of increasing importance amjk 17

Roadmap for in-building networks separate integrated integrated integrated integrated networks network network network network Twisted Pair, Home: P2MP, P2MP, P2MP, coax, P2P, opaque, all-optical, all-optical, Cat-5E POF, IP IP-based, transparent, transparent, PLC, Large building: POF/MMF/SMF; SMF, SMF, WLAN, P2P, + RoF (bypassing fixed dyn. routed … MMF, SMF opaque nodes) 0 +1 year +5 +10 now medium term long term amjk 18

Concluding remarks After fiber has brought high capacity to the home, in-home fiber networks are needed to deliver it to the user. A single in-home fiber network can be the universal backbone for delivery of wired and wireless services. Large-core Polymer Optical Fiber is already cost-competitive with Cat-5E and other cabling solutions, in particular when deploying duct sharing. Advanced modulation techniques allow high data rates over POF: DMT for multi-Gbit/s wired services, and UWB radio-over-POF for wireless services. Next, flexible optical routing can provide reconfigurable inter-room communication, capacity-on-demand, and energy savings. The partial funding of this work by the EC in the FP7 projects ALPHA, POF-PLUS and BONE is gratefully acknowledged. amjk 19

Concluding remarks Thank you on behalf of the ALPHA project team amjk 20

FTTH Conference 2011 Milan WORKSHOP Josef Faller

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