FTTH Conference 2009 Heinrich Hertz Institut

Fraunhofer Institute Home Area Networks – Broadband for Telecommunications Meeting the Needs of Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Today and Tomorrow Berlin K.-D. Langer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Einsteinufer 37 Phone: Fax: 10587 Berlin Berlin, Germany eMail: Germany Internet: http://www.hhi.fraunhofer.de Phone +49 30 31002 457 e-mail langer@hhi.fraunhofer.de Fraunhofer Institut Nachrichtentechnik Heinrich-Hertz-Institut

Outline • Present situation and requirements • Candidates for transmission media – PLC, DSL, Coax, STP – Fibre (glass & plastic) – Wireless (radio & infrared) • The challenge of networking • Conclusions K.-D. Langer Slide 2 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Predictions on bit rates & significance per home Bandwidth (in Mbps) needed Source: Currentanalysis, 2008 to receive 1 TV stream over heavy duty the next 25 years (H.264) Standard-Def. TV 2 medium HDTV 7 … 10 low Super (ITU J.601) 50 Ultra (ITU J.601) 200 3D HDTV ≥ 280 50 Mbps … 10 Gbps will appear in next 2 decades Broadband access will be as important as supply of water, gas and electricity K.-D. Langer Slide 3 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

In-house network topology • Reach >100 m (structured 50 m 50 / 100 m cabling, star Network Home Home Floor Gateway / topology) Gateway Distributor Backbone 50 / 500 m Cabling Network Home • Tailoring of in- Home Gateway house network to FTTB & related Office Building technical Gateway Gateway / Outside Distributor standards plant cabling Task: Extending FTTB to scenarios such as fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) & fibre-to-the-desk (FTTD) K.-D. Langer Slide 4 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Demands on home area networks • Home area network = segment with least sharing highest relative cost / customer cost efficiency • Lifetime 30 years future-proof open to upgrading (scalability up to 10 Gbps) • Robustness & easy handling do it yourself (DIY) installation tolerance to cable bending (low bending radius) • System aspects reliability (transmission medium + hardware) low power consumption • Networking plug & play multimedia platform Candidates: PLC, UTP, STP, coax, optical fibres, wireless K.-D. Langer Slide 5 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Powerline communications (PLC) • Example of a home completely equipped with 200 Mbps PLC adapters: – achievable bit rates today: 27 … 63 Mbps – R&D target 1 Gbps (gross) • Issues are e.g. EMI, privacy plug & play PLC is an interim solution Source: C’t No. 7, 2007 K.-D. Langer Slide 7 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

High-speed DSL solutions Line Rate [Mbps] Reach [km] • VDSL2: 100 Mbps (symm.) feasible if DSLAM inside the building or close to it Close to the physical limits, limited robustness interim solution K.-D. Langer Slide 8 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Current shielded cables (coax + twisted pair) • Coax = part of in-house cabling (CATV), basically high BW DOCSIS 3.0 provides 400 Mbps Type of cable Bandwidth Application (CAT) (MHz) 5 (5e) 100 GbE 6 250 Multimedia / ATM / GbE 6a 500 Multimedia / GbE 7 600 Multimedia / 10GE Cabling & assembly is difficult, however, today there is hardly a way around K.-D. Langer Slide 9 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Glass optical fibres: SMF Bandwidth Reach (m) Core/ Cladding-∅ Type (µm) @10 Gbps (MHz⋅km) Standard SMF (G.652.D) “∞“ 1) 9/ 125 10.0001) Low bending loss SMF (G.657.A/B) 1) depends on optical source Transmission performance is no issue, however deployment, assembly etc. are still costly K.-D. Langer Slide 11 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Glass optical fibres: MMF Bandwidth Reach (m) Core/ Cladding-∅ Type (µm) @10 Gbps (MHz⋅km) OM2 500 80 OM2+ 950 150 50/ 125 MMF OM3 2000 300 OM3+ 4700 550 600 m MMF transmission @ 40 Gbps 2006 MMF widely used in LANs, assembly more competitive, sufficient margins in transmission performance K.-D. Langer Slide 12 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Step index POF transmission state of the art 10000 • Wide range of Bit Rate [Mbps] p2p applications Laser-based covered @ few 100 m reach 1000 • First products for LED-based indoor cabling available 100 Achievements of various labs • Ø 1 mm fit for do-it-yourself Reach [m] 10 1 10 100 1000 Still margins left in transmission performance (e.g. K.-D. Langer by advanced modulation) Slide 13 Source: DieMount 2008 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Home area transmission media: bending performance 40 2 330 0 H4 0 7.D a Sil 35 hi G G.65 Ultr ub is 30 Bend radius* [mm] Mits 25 00 37 2 20 HC S 7.B 00 0 15 G.65 ve 1 PG Cur P4 10 tt 40 0 r o Clea Sc h N SM C 5 0 SMF MMF Multicore SI-POF CAT6 Request for indoor cabling < 5 mm rarely met K.-D. Langer Slide 14 *) according to manufacturers Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Goals of tailored fibre design • Ultra-low bending radius highly flexible cords and cables • Optimized transmission properties • High core diameter relaxed fitting tolerances Source: NTT/ Mitsubishi, ECOC 2004 Attractive for in-house use, prospects not yet clear K.-D. Langer Slide 15 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Example: fibre optical wiring à la NTT Exclusively available with NTT equipment 2008 K.-D. Langer Slide 16 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Standards for radio LAN applications Bit Rate [Mbps] • > 100 Mbps @ Ultra wideband (UWB) few 10 metres WLAN reach feasible • Shared medium, increasingly crowded cells, EMI, … Bluetooth Reach [m] Capacity too tight for broadband home networking K.-D. Langer Slide 18 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Indoor optical wireless (OW) communications • OW communications using IR and/ or visible light • No EMI/ EMC, no e-smog • Non-directed transmission @ >100 Mbps • Directed transmission @1 Gbps for hot-spots Radio and OW for last meter to access point however, no alternative to a wired high-speed backbone K.-D. Langer Slide 19 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Vision of the OMEGA R&D project • Target: Gbps home area network w/o new wires by – jointly using present transmission media – extending them by means of radio & FTTH optical wireless Major challenge: interworking of systems convergence layer between media access (MAC) and network layer

Legacy vs. new cabling in multi-dwelling units Transitional Legacy cabling New cabling phase Fibre Home PLC Network segment (glass & plastic) Shielded twisted pair (STP) Horizontal UTP, Fibre (glass) Coaxial STP, Riser Fibre (glass) Transitional phase potentially a longer period of time K.-D. Langer Slide 22 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Conclusions (1) Once fibre has entered the building … • Legacy cabling – 100 Mbps to the home more or less feasible (xDSL, coax) – however, linking/ networking inside homes needs fibre (POF, glass), PLC may assist • New cabling – for riser & horizontal, glass optical fibre is most promising, inside homes too, incl. POF • Transitional phase – STP, coax, radio are helpful, ductwork is essential K.-D. Langer Slide 23 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

Conclusions (2) • Glass – the only solution for 10 Gbps – bending performance ok (more or less) – low-cost connectors needed • POF – DIY properties, well applicable in homes up to 1 Gbps • Wireless – no alternative to wired backbone – however, excellent for linking high-speed mobile terminals to the backbone K.-D. Langer Slide 24 Feb-09 © Fraunhofer HHI

FTTH Conference 2009 Heinrich Hertz Institut

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