The document discusses the motet, a polyphonic religious musical form that originated in the Middle Ages and was used in the Catholic Mass. It contains multiple voices or parts, including a repeating bass line called the tenor and upper voices called the triplum and duplum. Over time the motet evolved from strictly religious texts to also include humanist themes, with techniques like word painting. It was an important part of the Catholic Mass until the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, when the Council of Trent standardized music and the Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina became influential.