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What Part did the Different
Immigrants Play in Singapore’s
Development?

Date
Who were the immigrants?


✤   Mostly men

✤   permanent stayers

✤   temporary stayers

✤   1824 - 10683 (31% - Chinese, 60% - Malays, 7% - Indians, 2% - Others)

✤   1931 - 418640 (75% - Chinese, 12% - Malays, 9% - Indians, 4% - Others)
Push Factors



✤   Natural disasters

✤   Shortage of jobs

✤   Scarcity of food
Pull Factors



✤   Job opportunities

✤   No natural disasters

✤   Plentiful food supplies
From Europe
Britain, Portugal, Holland
From China
Southern provinces, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan Island

Date
From Arabia
Yemen

Date
From India and Ceylon
Tamils from Madras and Negapatam, Punjabis, Bengalis, Gujeratis, Parsees, Sinhalese

Date
Malay Archipelago
Sumatra, Riau-Lingga Archipelago, Javanese, Boyanese, Bugis

Date
From Penang
and Melaka
Straits Chinese (Peranakans)
Where do they stay?
1822, Singapore Town Plan
How did the town plan work?

✤   Jungles were cleared for plantations (gambier, rubber)

✤   Different races to be segregated

✤   Chinese were separated according to their dialect group

✤   kapitan to be appointed to take charge of internal affairs of each
    community

✤   John Crawfurd undertook the town plan after Raffles left in 1823
Singapore Town Plan, 1822


✤   Chinatown

✤   Commercial Square (centre of commerce activities)

✤   Chulia Kampong

✤   European Town (Big houses and tree-lined roads)

✤   Kampong Bugis
Contributions of



✤   Europeans

✤   set up big trading companies and agency houses

✤   sold goods through Chinese middlemen (Straits-born Chinese)
Contributions of



✤   Chinese

✤   unskilled labourers working at docks and construction sites

✤   Straits Chinese (Middle-men/ coolie agents) provided support
    services
Contributions of


✤   Malay

✤   provided basic necessities

✤   gardeners and huntsmen

✤   shipbuilders
Contributions of


✤   Indians

✤   labourers carrying cargoes at docks, clearing jungles

✤   Chettiars provided banking and transportation services (till 1860s)

✤
Social Impacts



✤   Situation of the immigrants:

    ✤   Poor and diseased

    ✤   abused as coolies in the slave trade

    ✤   secret societies

    ✤   opium smoking
Social Impacts


✤   Tan Tock Seng, Syed Mohamed bin Alsagoff

    ✤   philanthropy acts

    ✤   Paupers’ Hospital on Pearl’s Hill, 1844

    ✤   Thong Chai Medical Institution, 1867
Social Impacts



✤   Christian missionaries from Europe and America set up schools

    ✤   Chinese Girls’ School (St. Margaret’s School)

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Immigrants N Contribution

  • 1. What Part did the Different Immigrants Play in Singapore’s Development? Date
  • 2. Who were the immigrants? ✤ Mostly men ✤ permanent stayers ✤ temporary stayers ✤ 1824 - 10683 (31% - Chinese, 60% - Malays, 7% - Indians, 2% - Others) ✤ 1931 - 418640 (75% - Chinese, 12% - Malays, 9% - Indians, 4% - Others)
  • 3. Push Factors ✤ Natural disasters ✤ Shortage of jobs ✤ Scarcity of food
  • 4. Pull Factors ✤ Job opportunities ✤ No natural disasters ✤ Plentiful food supplies
  • 6. From China Southern provinces, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan Island Date
  • 8. From India and Ceylon Tamils from Madras and Negapatam, Punjabis, Bengalis, Gujeratis, Parsees, Sinhalese Date
  • 9. Malay Archipelago Sumatra, Riau-Lingga Archipelago, Javanese, Boyanese, Bugis Date
  • 10. From Penang and Melaka Straits Chinese (Peranakans)
  • 11. Where do they stay? 1822, Singapore Town Plan
  • 12. How did the town plan work? ✤ Jungles were cleared for plantations (gambier, rubber) ✤ Different races to be segregated ✤ Chinese were separated according to their dialect group ✤ kapitan to be appointed to take charge of internal affairs of each community ✤ John Crawfurd undertook the town plan after Raffles left in 1823
  • 13. Singapore Town Plan, 1822 ✤ Chinatown ✤ Commercial Square (centre of commerce activities) ✤ Chulia Kampong ✤ European Town (Big houses and tree-lined roads) ✤ Kampong Bugis
  • 14. Contributions of ✤ Europeans ✤ set up big trading companies and agency houses ✤ sold goods through Chinese middlemen (Straits-born Chinese)
  • 15. Contributions of ✤ Chinese ✤ unskilled labourers working at docks and construction sites ✤ Straits Chinese (Middle-men/ coolie agents) provided support services
  • 16. Contributions of ✤ Malay ✤ provided basic necessities ✤ gardeners and huntsmen ✤ shipbuilders
  • 17. Contributions of ✤ Indians ✤ labourers carrying cargoes at docks, clearing jungles ✤ Chettiars provided banking and transportation services (till 1860s) ✤
  • 18. Social Impacts ✤ Situation of the immigrants: ✤ Poor and diseased ✤ abused as coolies in the slave trade ✤ secret societies ✤ opium smoking
  • 19. Social Impacts ✤ Tan Tock Seng, Syed Mohamed bin Alsagoff ✤ philanthropy acts ✤ Paupers’ Hospital on Pearl’s Hill, 1844 ✤ Thong Chai Medical Institution, 1867
  • 20. Social Impacts ✤ Christian missionaries from Europe and America set up schools ✤ Chinese Girls’ School (St. Margaret’s School)

Editor's Notes