HT06, Position Paper, Tagging, Taxonomy, Flickr, Academic Article, ToRead, Presentation

HT06, Position Paper, Tagging, Taxonomy, Flickr, Academic Article, ToRead , Presentation Cameron Marlow, Mor Naaman, danah boyd, Marc Davis Yahoo! Research

What Are Tags?
“ A tag is a keyword or descriptive term associated with an item as means of classification by means of a folksonomy. Tags are usually chosen informally and personally by the author / creator of the item — i.e. not usually as part of some formally defined classification scheme. Tags are typically used in dynamic, flexible, automatically generated internet taxonomies for online resources such as computer files, web pages, digital images, and internet bookmarks.”
Wikipedia, 2006

Del.icio.us

Flickr

Why Yahoo? Yahoo, circa 1996

Why Yahoo? Yahoo, circa 2004

Why Yahoo? +

Motivation
Introduce tagging for academic audiences
Create a common language for current practitioners
Point to potential and possible directions of further research
Method
Develop a model of tagging
Survey existing systems and features
Develop taxonomy
Tagging Model Taxonomy Prelim. Study Future Work

Tagging Systems: Simple Model

Tagging - Simple Model
Keywords
Describing connected resources
Sounds familiar?
(Automatic resource compilation by analyzing hyperlink structure and associated text, Chakrabarti et al, 1998)

What About Anchor Text?
Democratization and personalization
Extent and scale
User-inclusive model (not site- or page-based)
Notion of connected/related users
Intent of action (e.g., description vs. navigation or reference)
Richness of context

Wait! Where Are We? Tagging Model Taxonomy Prelim Study Future Work

Taxonomy
Create a common language
Point out differences and generative factors
Two taxonomies
Systems
Incentives (see paper)

Systems Taxonomy
Who
How
What
Where from
…
Structure and nature of resulting tags

Tagging Rights
Who is allowed to tag a resource?
Self-tagging Open Permission-based

Tagging Support
Does the system “help” in tagging?
Blind Viewable Suggested

Tag Aggregation
How tags for individual resources are aggregated
Set Bag

Object Type
What is the type of resource being tagged?
Textual Non-textual

Object Source
Where the object media originates from
User-contributed Global System

Where are we now? Tagging Model Taxonomy Prelim. Study Future Work

Case Study: Flickr and Del.icio.us
Flickr
Rights: Permission-based
Support: Blind
Aggregation: Set
Type: Non-textual
Source: User-contributed
Del.icio.us
Rights: Owner
Support: Suggested
Aggregation: Bag
Type: Textual
Source: Global

Growth of tags
Number of distinct tags in 10 user collections, over time
Index of photo Total number of distinct tags

Similar to del.icio.us? 1000 500 0 0 2500 5000 Figure from Golder et al, 2005 Index of bookmark Total number of distinct tags Scales are different!

Together Index of photo Total number of distinct tags

Case Study: Flickr and Del.icio.us
Flickr
Rights: Permission-based
Support: Blind
Aggregation: Set
Type: Non-textual
Source: User-contributed
Del.icio.us
Rights: Owner
Support: Suggested
Aggregation: Bag
Type: Textual
Source: Global

Case Study: Flickr
Nobody tags other people’s content
Why?
Not collected Not identified Not prominent In user’s account As coming from the tagger In the interface, as “opinion” Not aggregated Can’t “vote” on tag/item pair

Almost done Tagging Model Taxonomy Prelim. Study Future Work

Future Research
Search / IR
Comparison of hypertext and tags
Spam detection
Linguistics / NLP
Taxonomy generation
Sociolinguistics
Collaborative Filtering
Identify trends (locally and globally)
Trust metrics
Identify influencers
…

Thank You
Cameron Marlow
[email_address]
http://research.yahoo.com
Data?

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HT06, Position Paper, Tagging, Taxonomy, Flickr, Academic Article, ToRead, Presentation

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HT06, Position Paper, Tagging, Taxonomy, Flickr, Academic Article, ToRead, Presentation — Presentation Transcript