Thyroid Health

• The thyroid gland is a soft smooth fleshy gland which sits below the larynx (voice box). • This gland produces thyroid hormone which controls the metabolic rate.

• The thyroid gland produces the hormone called Thyroxine (T4) – this contains 4 molecules of iodine • T4 is converted into the much more active form of thyroid hormone called Triiodothyronine (T3) – this contains 3 molecules of iodine • T4 is converted into T3 in the liver, muscle, kidney and to a lesser degree in all other body tissues

Disorders of the thyroid • Hypothyroidism (underactive) • Hyperthyroidism (overactive) • Thyroiditis (inflammation of thyroid tissue) • Goiter (enlargement of thyroid gland) • Thyroid nodules (lumps within the thyroid) • Thyroid cancer (malignant growth in the thyroid)

Hypothyroidism Underactive = inadequate thyroid hormone Causes include: • Auto-immune disease (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) • Poor nutrition • Environmental toxins – petrochemicals, fluoride, bromide • Radiation • Hereditary factors • Some prescribed medications e.g. Lithium • Ageing

Symptoms of hypothyroidism • Weight gain • Low body temperature • Constipation • Hair loss • Dry flaky skin • Fluid retention • Slow reflexes • Fatigue • Muscle weakness

Symptoms of hypothyroidism • Rapid ageing • Slowness of thought • Depression • Increased sensitivity to the cold • Loss of interest in sex • Puffiness around the eyes • Heavy or irregular menstrual periods • Infertility

Myxoedema is a sign of severe hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism Over production of thyroid hormone Causes include: • Stress & lack of rest • Autoimmune disease • Hot nodule • Over dose of thyroid hormone • Amiodarone (heart medication) • Iodine toxicity (rare)

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism • Rapid heart beat • Shortness of breath • Increased appetite • Weight loss • Intolerance of heat • Irregularity of menstrual cycle • Irritability • Anxiety • Insomnia

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism • Tremor • Malaise • Muscle weakness • Diarrhea • Infertility • Exophthalmos – eye disease – not always

Blood tests for thyroid function • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) • Free T3 • Free T4 • Reverse T3 • Thyroid antibody levels Feedback circuit

Thyroid hormones - normal ranges • Free T3 2.5 – 6.0 • Free T4 8.0 – 22.0 • TSH 0.30 – 2.5 Auto-immune antibodies against the thyroid • Anti-thyroglobulin = negative ....... (< 100) • Anti-microsomal = negative .......... (< 100) • TSH receptor antibodies Genetic test for gluten intolerance Serum vitamin D blood test: a healthy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D value is between 75 nmol/L and 125 nmol/L (30 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL)

Thyroid antibodies are like missiles. They travel through the blood & find the thyroid gland and attack its cells

• Men should take their basal body temperature for four consecutive days • Women should take their basal body temperature for first 10 days of your menstrual cycle; this avoids confusion with the normal spike in body temperature which occurs after healthy ovulation • If your temperature is below 36.0º C or 96.8º F, your thyroid gland function is less than desirable; this should be confirmed with a blood test

Other thyroid tests • Urinary spot iodine test • Basal body temperature • Ultrasound of thyroid • Nuclear scan of thyroid • Needle biopsy of nodule

Goiter = Enlarged thyroid Causes include: • Iodine deficiency • Selenium deficiency • Auto-immune inflammation • Nodules within the thyroid • Tumours – benign & malignant • Physiological – During pregnancy & puberty • Goiters can compress the trachea or esophagus causing difficulty breathing or swallowing

Thyroid Nodules (lumps) • Single nodules • Multiple nodules • Hot nodules (functioning) • Cold nodules (non-functioning) • Often no symptoms

Toxic Multinodular Goiter • Multinodular goiter – one or more hot nodules, which produce excess thyroid hormone, resulting in symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid hormone replacement may be required; • Thyroxine (T4) tablets eg. Synthroid or Oroxine • Cytomel or Tertroxin (T3) tablets • Porcine desiccated thyroid capsules • Thyroid cream

Treatment for hypothyroidism Selenium (100-200mcg) • Vitamin D3 (1000-2000IU) • Iodine (160-320mcg) • Zinc (5-10mg) • Tyrosine – maybe useful in high doses (500mg-3000mg) • Omega 3 fatty acids – fish, flaxseed, hempseed oil daily doses given

Treatment for thyroid problems • Bowel and liver detox plan • Gluten free diet if thyroid antibodies present • Gluten is found in wheat, rye, barley, oats, spelt, kamut and many processed foods • A reduction of dairy products may be required if thyroid nodules contain a mucus secretion called colloid

Treatment for thyroid problems • Magnesium supplement • Fish oil – 1 tablespoon daily before food • Selenium - 100-200mcg daily • Vitamin D3 – 1000-2000IU daily • Zinc – 5-10mg daily • Iodine (maybe required but needs to be tested) • Good quality sleep & more rest • Stress management

Natural progesterone cream • Can help women who have stubborn or hard to help thyroid problems • Unfortunately this is often completely overlooked and is not considered to be significant • However it can make the difference between success or failure • Daily doses vary from 25-100mg

Capsules for thyroid health • Must contain Iodine, Selenium, Vitamin D and Zinc • Easy to swallow capsules

Iodine • 70 – 80% of the iodine in your body is stored in your thyroid gland • Required for healthy thyroid tissue • Required for production of thyroid hormones • Required for healthy breast tissue • Reduces thyroid & breast cancer • Iodine deficiency is common worldwide

Dietary sources of Iodine • Seafood and seaweed (Such as Kelp or Nori) • Iodised salt • Plant & animal foods Contain variable amounts

• Iodine and/or selenium deficiency is a common cause of under active thyroid gland • Long term iodine deficiency, particularly in conjunction with selenium deficiency, can cause the thyroid to enlarge and form a swelling called a goiter. • Selenium and/or iodine deficiency increases the risk of thyroid and breast cancer. • Obtaining adequate iodine during pregnancy is vital for the healthy intellectual development of the infant. Iodine deficiency in infancy can lead to reduced IQ

Selenium • Essential for the conversion of T4 to T3 • Essential for healthy thyroid tissue • Anti-tumor effect and helps to shrink nodules, most types of warts & some types of skin tags • Has been shown to stimulate cell death (apoptosis) in tumor cells • Reduces anti-thyroid antibody levels – essential for autoimmune disease • Geographic studies have shown that people who live in areas with selenium deficient soils have higher cancer mortality rates

Dietary sources of Selenium Many areas of the world have selenium deficient soils Brazil nuts are the best dietary source of selenium

• The incidence of thyroid cancer has more than doubled in the USA since the 1970s • Regular checkups from your local doctor of your thyroid are essential – the most important being a physical exam of your gland (palpation)

Vitamin D • Promotes a healthy immune system • Helps cell differentiate (become specialized) and inhibits cell proliferation (growing in an out of control way) • It is thought that these are the reasons why Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of at least 17 different types of cancer, including breast colon and prostrate cancer • Vitamin D works with the parathyroid glands to control calcium metabolism and bone strength

Sources of Vitamin D • Skin exposure to Sunlight • Sardines, Tuna, salmon, mackerel, herring and catfish • Eggs • Fortified dairy products

Statistics • Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in those that work indoors • Vitamin D deficiency affects more than 1 in 3 women during summer, and 1 in 2 during winter • Sunscreen stops manufacture of vitamin D • Prolonged sun exposure can be hazardous and inconvenient and vitamin D is found in very few foods; therefore supplementing with vitamin D may be the best option

Zinc • Helps maintain a healthy immune system • Required for binding of thyroid hormones to receptors inside cells, therefore zinc is essential to activate thyroid hormones and enable them to carry out their functions.

Dietary sources of Zinc • Seafood, esp. Oysters • Beans, lentils, yeast, nuts, seeds and wholegrain cereals. • Pumpkin seeds (one of the most concentrated vegetarian food sources of zinc)

Capsules for Thyroid Health Herbal extract equivalent to dry: 533mg Fucus vesiculosus whole plant (Kelp) providing 160mcg of iodine Nutrients: Selenium (as selenomethionine) 100mcg Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 1000IU Zinc 5mg

For additional technical support, please call our Health Advisory team on (1623 334-3232) or email us from www.liverdoctor.com

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Thyroid Health

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