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Niken
Niken
I. Trạng thái tự nhiên
• Hàm lượng niken ở vỏ Trái Đất
khoảng 0.01%
• Trong tự nhiên, niken tồn tại dưới
dạng hợp chất cùng với lưu huỳnh
(millerit), oxi, asen (niccolit).
Khoáng
chất
millerit

Khoáng
chất
niccolit
II. VỊ TRÍ VÀ CẤU TẠO
• Vị trí: Z=28 => [Ar]3d 4s .
Là kim loại chuyển tiếp thuộc chu kì
4, nhóm VIIIB.
• Cấu tạo: Ni: [Ar]3d84s2
–Ni2+ :[Ar]3d8
–Ni3+ :[Ar]3d7
=> Trong hợp chất, niken có số OXH
+2, phổ biến hơn số OXH +3
III. Lý tính
• Niken là kim loại màu trắng, rất
cứng, khối lượng riêng d=8.91g/cm3
, nóng chảy ở t0 = 1455 C.
• Niken thuộc nhóm sắt từ.
IV. Hóa tính

. Niken có tính khử yếu hơn sắt
1. Tác dụng với một số phi kim:
Ni + O2  2NiO
Ni + Cl2  NiCl2
2. Tác dụng với một số dung dịch axit:
Niken có thể tác dụng với một số
dung dịch axit, đặc biệt là tác dụng
với HNO đặc:
3Ni+ 8HNO  3Ni(NO ) + 2NO+ 4H O
• Lưu ý: niken bền với không khí,nước
và một số dung dịch axit ở nhiệt độ
thường do có một lớp màng oxit
bảo vệ
V. Ứng dụng:
1. Chế tạo hợp kim:
Hợp kim Inva (Ni – Fe):
• Hợp kim đồng bạch (Cu – Ni): không
bị ăn mòn dù trong một trường
nước mặn:
2. Mạ lên kim loại khác để chống
ăn mòn
Làm chất xúc tác cho nhiều phản
ứng hóa học:
Chế tạo acquy
• Acquy Cd - Ni

Acquy Fe – Ni :
Niken

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Niken

  • 3. I. Trạng thái tự nhiên • Hàm lượng niken ở vỏ Trái Đất khoảng 0.01% • Trong tự nhiên, niken tồn tại dưới dạng hợp chất cùng với lưu huỳnh (millerit), oxi, asen (niccolit).
  • 5. II. VỊ TRÍ VÀ CẤU TẠO • Vị trí: Z=28 => [Ar]3d 4s . Là kim loại chuyển tiếp thuộc chu kì 4, nhóm VIIIB. • Cấu tạo: Ni: [Ar]3d84s2 –Ni2+ :[Ar]3d8 –Ni3+ :[Ar]3d7 => Trong hợp chất, niken có số OXH +2, phổ biến hơn số OXH +3
  • 6. III. Lý tính • Niken là kim loại màu trắng, rất cứng, khối lượng riêng d=8.91g/cm3 , nóng chảy ở t0 = 1455 C. • Niken thuộc nhóm sắt từ.
  • 7. IV. Hóa tính . Niken có tính khử yếu hơn sắt 1. Tác dụng với một số phi kim: Ni + O2  2NiO Ni + Cl2  NiCl2 2. Tác dụng với một số dung dịch axit: Niken có thể tác dụng với một số dung dịch axit, đặc biệt là tác dụng với HNO đặc: 3Ni+ 8HNO  3Ni(NO ) + 2NO+ 4H O
  • 8. • Lưu ý: niken bền với không khí,nước và một số dung dịch axit ở nhiệt độ thường do có một lớp màng oxit bảo vệ
  • 9. V. Ứng dụng: 1. Chế tạo hợp kim: Hợp kim Inva (Ni – Fe):
  • 10. • Hợp kim đồng bạch (Cu – Ni): không bị ăn mòn dù trong một trường nước mặn:
  • 11. 2. Mạ lên kim loại khác để chống ăn mòn
  • 12. Làm chất xúc tác cho nhiều phản ứng hóa học:
  • 13. Chế tạo acquy • Acquy Cd - Ni Acquy Fe – Ni :