Instructional Modules

TUTORIALS By Luis Q. Colón Ortiz BWP Tech Liaison

Instructional factors “Methodology”
Introducing the tutorial
Questions and responses
Judgment of responses
Feedback about responses
Remediation
Organization and sequence of programs
Learner control in tutorials
diagram

Introduction of the Tutorial
Presentation of Objectives
should be stated in terms that learner can understand
Should motivate learners demonstrating relevance
Stimulating prior knowledge
Rich natural context facilitates learning outcomes
Pretesting
To assess knowledge of prerequisites (ready for new material)
To assess knowledge of the final objectives (already know the content of the lesson)
Example

Questions and Responses
The function of Questions
Frequency of Questions
Types of Questions
Other Factors Affecting Quality of Question
Use of Graphics in Questions
Placement of Questions

Questions and Responses (cont.)
Mode of Response (keyboard,mouse, speech)
Response Economy (short responses)
The Response Prompt and the Typing Prompt
<type your response> or<click the best answer>
Box or mark where typing will appear
Other types of Learner Interaction
(take notes, make diagrams or create analogies)

Judgment of Responses
Types of Judgments
Response is: correct, contains an expected or unexpected error, neither right nor wrong
Response Types
Multiple choice, Marking question, drawings or essays
General Judging Considerations
Length, Time Limits, Help and Escape

Feedback about Responses
Feedback following:
Format Errors
Correct Responses
Neutral Responses
Content Errors
Positive and Corrective Feedback
Timing of feedback
Types of feedback
graphics, audio/video
Subsequent Attempts

Remediation
Repeat information
Provide restatements of information with new and simpler wording

Organization and Sequence of Programs
Types of Information Organization
Linear Tutorials
Branching Tutorials
Tutorials that Assess Learner Level and Adjust Difficulty Level
Organization Not Well Suited to the Tutorial Methodology
Exiting the Tutorial

Learner Control in Tutorials
Paging
Review
Help
Asking for the answer

Summary
Instructional Factors
Introduction of the Tutorial
Question and Responses
Judgment of Responses
Feedback about Responses
Remediation
Organization and Sequence of Programs
Learner control in Tutorials

Thank you for your Attention

OBJECTIVES

General Structure and Sequence of a Tutorial Program Introductory section Present information Questions and Responses Judge response Feedback or Remediation Closing

The Function Of Questions
Keep the learner attentive to the program
Provide practice
Encourage deeper processing
Assess how well the learner remembers and understands information

Frequency of Questions
Four-Part Cycle
Present information Feedback or remediation Judge response Question and response

Types of Questions
Alternate-response (objectives)
Multiple Choice
Marking question
True or False (Yes/No)
Match
Constructed-Response
Completion Questions
Short-Answer and Essay Questions

Other Factors Affecting Quality of Questions
Assessing Comprehension
Reading Level
Abbreviations
Negative Words
Scrolling

Use of graphics in Questions
Graphics as the Context
Graphics as Prompts

Placement of Questions
Before or after the information they assess
Motivate learner
Facilitate learning
Focus attention

A Multiple-Choice Question What country does this flag represent? Spain United States Cuba Puerto Rico Exit Help Back Next Menu

EXCELLENT!

SORRY! Try again!

A Marking Question Mark the prepositions in the sentence below by clicking on them with the mouse. The boy ran over the hill and under the bridge on his way home . Exit Menu Help Back Next

EXCELLENT!

SORRY! Try again!

True or false Questions T F T T T F F F Faster film speed permits smaller aperture. Slower film speed is better for faster action. Greater ASA settings requires a flash. Focusing is more accurate at maximum zoom. PHOTOGRAPHY BASIS Click on T or F for each statement below. Exit Menu Help Back Next

Great!

Sorry! That’s not the right answer

A Matching Question Match the countries with the flag. Click on the box with the right answer. A B Puerto Rico United States B A A B Exit Menu Help Back Next

EXCELLENT!

SORRY! Try again!

A Completion Questions Complete this statement. The three of rocks are sedimentary, , and metamorphic. Click on a box to type a word into it. Exit Menu Help Back Next

Essay Questions

Short-Answer and Essay Questions What is the primary element in the atmosphere? Answer Exit Menu Help Back Next

Instructional Modules

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