The Human Genome Project By: Ideen S., Brett M., and Stephanie P.

Contents 1. What is HGP 2. Timeline 3. Goals & Benefits 4. Discoveries 5. Future of HGP

What is Human Genome Project? Research program that aims to spell out the complete genetic inheritance of species Also known as HGP Interprets and analyzes the genomic sequences

Research program that aims to spell out the complete genetic inheritance of species

Also known as HGP

Interprets and analyzes the genomic sequences

HGP Timeline 1990: Human Genome Project began 1996: Yeast was first eukaryote to have its genome sequenced 2003: Blueprint of human genome was complete 2003-2009: Scientists continue research to understand genome

1990: Human Genome Project began

1996: Yeast was first eukaryote to have its genome sequenced

2003: Blueprint of human genome was complete

2003-2009: Scientists continue research to understand genome

Foundations A genome is a genetic map of an organism Genome information is in tiny DNA molecules Genes are basic building blocks of human body Genes help determine what a person looks like and how his or her body works

A genome is a genetic map of an organism

Genome information is in tiny DNA molecules

Genes are basic building blocks of human body

Genes help determine what a person looks like and how his or her body works

HGP Goals Identify all genes in human DNA Determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs Store information in databases Improve data analysis tools Transfer related technologies to the private sector Address ethical, legal, and social issues that may arise

Identify all genes in human DNA

Determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs

Store information in databases

Improve data analysis tools

Transfer related technologies to the private sector

Address ethical, legal, and social issues that may arise

HGP Benefits Molecular medicine Energy sources and environmental applications Risk assessment Bioarchaeology, anthropology, evolution, and human migration DNA forensics (identification) Agriculture, livestock breeding, and bioprocessing

Molecular medicine

Energy sources and environmental applications

Risk assessment

Bioarchaeology, anthropology, evolution, and human migration

DNA forensics (identification)

Agriculture, livestock breeding, and bioprocessing

Fruit Flies Fruit flies act like humans when drunk Brains of fruit flies and humans work the same From fruit flies, we learned fundamental genetic mechanisms of development in all organisms appear the same

Fruit flies act like humans when drunk

Brains of fruit flies and humans work the same

From fruit flies, we learned fundamental genetic mechanisms of development in all organisms appear the same

Yeast Scientists say yeast are relatives Yeast can transmit signals from cells surface to nucleus Manufacture proteins Repair DNA

Scientists say yeast are relatives

Yeast can transmit signals from cells surface to nucleus

Manufacture proteins

Repair DNA

Mice Mice are genetically close Some parts of our genomes are hard to tell apart Mice are closest relative among model organisms Mice are used for research

Mice are genetically close

Some parts of our genomes are hard to tell apart

Mice are closest relative among model organisms

Mice are used for research

Relation to Evolution Scientists identify and compare genomes from HGP Results of studies illuminated evolution of species Genomic study and gene pattern show how evolution of organisms

Scientists identify and compare genomes from HGP

Results of studies illuminated evolution of species

Genomic study and gene pattern show how evolution of organisms

Advances After 2003 human genome, new parts were discovered Tools such as BLAST help scientists compare biological sequences Companies such as Celera invest in HGP to learn about evolution

After 2003 human genome, new parts were discovered

Tools such as BLAST help scientists compare biological sequences

Companies such as Celera invest in HGP to learn about evolution

Other Factors Ethics – Scientists face hardships in experiments Carriers – Problems concerning knowing if someone is carrier of disease (Huntington's) Morals – Is curing an evolutionary disease morally wrong?

Ethics – Scientists face hardships in experiments

Carriers – Problems concerning knowing if someone is carrier of disease (Huntington's)

Morals – Is curing an evolutionary disease morally wrong?

Video Here is a brief video clip to summarize what the Human Genome Project is intended to do.

Bibliography Picture 1 http://search.eb.com/eb/art-106549/Researchers-working-in-laboratories-can-determine-the-genetic-composition-of Human Genome Project . [Photograph]. Retrieved April 13, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/art-106549 Picture 2 http://genomics.energy.gov/gallery/logos/thumbnails/601.jpg Picture 3 http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2001/109-8/ssfig_mice.JPG Picture 4 http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/web/3409_web.jpg Picture 5 http://www.sciam.com/media/inline/BA1FA211-D1E8-D704-796509F20DE29FAE_1.jpg Online Source 1 http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9002513 Human Genome Project . ( 2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 13, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9002513 Online Source 2 Human Genome Project. (2007). In K. Lerner & Brenda Lerner (Eds.), Biotechnology: Changing Life Through Science , Vol. 1: Medicine . (176-179). Detroit: UXL. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from Gale Virtual Reference Library via Gale: http:// find.galegroup.com/gvrl/infomark.do?&contentSet = EBKS&type = retrieve&tabID =T001&prodId= GVRL&docId =CX2830700048&source= gale&userGroupName =stil34938&version=1.0 Online Source 3 Human Genome Project . (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-272805 Online Source 4 Human Genome Project . (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-272806 Online Source 5 nature, philosophy of . (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-278771 Book/Print Source 1 Hughes, H (Ed.). (2001). The Genes We Share With Yeast, Flies, Worms, and Mice . Cheby Chase Maryland: Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Video Source http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkQJ26DAxfs

Picture 1

http://search.eb.com/eb/art-106549/Researchers-working-in-laboratories-can-determine-the-genetic-composition-of

Human Genome Project . [Photograph]. Retrieved April 13, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/art-106549

Picture 2

http://genomics.energy.gov/gallery/logos/thumbnails/601.jpg

Picture 3

http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2001/109-8/ssfig_mice.JPG

Picture 4

http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/web/3409_web.jpg

Picture 5

http://www.sciam.com/media/inline/BA1FA211-D1E8-D704-796509F20DE29FAE_1.jpg

Online Source 1

http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9002513

Human Genome Project . ( 2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 13, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9002513

Online Source 2

Human Genome Project. (2007). In K. Lerner & Brenda Lerner (Eds.), Biotechnology: Changing Life Through Science , Vol. 1: Medicine . (176-179). Detroit: UXL. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from Gale Virtual Reference Library via Gale: http:// find.galegroup.com/gvrl/infomark.do?&contentSet = EBKS&type = retrieve&tabID =T001&prodId= GVRL&docId =CX2830700048&source= gale&userGroupName =stil34938&version=1.0

Online Source 3

Human Genome Project . (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-272805

Online Source 4

Human Genome Project . (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-272806

Online Source 5

nature, philosophy of . (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-278771

Book/Print Source 1

Hughes, H (Ed.). (2001). The Genes We Share With Yeast, Flies, Worms, and Mice . Cheby Chase Maryland: Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Video Source

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkQJ26DAxfs

Thank You !