Using Options for Risk Management
and to Enhance Income and
Risk-adjusted Returns
For the Hong Kong Society of Financial Analysts
Saturday, 30th August 2008 9:30 a.m. – 12:00 noon
HKUST Business School Central
15th Floor, The Hong Kong Club Building
3A Chater Road, Central, Hong Kong
Presentations by: and
Bud Haslett, CFA, FRM Matt Moran, JD
Chief Executive Officer Vice President
Miller Tabak Capital Management Chicago Board Options Exchange®
New York Chicago

Topics to Be Covered
1. Historical Price Changes
2. Worldwide Derivatives Markets – OTC and Exchange-Listed
3. Detailed Analysis of Options, Including Inputs to Pricing, and
Evaluation of Risk Determinants (the \"Greeks\")
4. Strategies to Lower Portfolio Volatility – Protective Puts,
BuyWrites, Collars, and others
5. Benchmark Indexes for Strategies to Lower Portfolio
Volatility – BXM, BXY, PUT, etc.
6. Benchmark Indexes for Volatility-based Strategies – VIX,
VPD, OVX, etc.
7. Volatility-based Strategies
8. Conclusion
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 2

1. Historical Price Changes
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 3

One-Year Change in Select Equity Prices
(July 31, 2007 - July 31, 2008)
How can diversification and risk management help investors?
Daily Closing Prices, re-scaled to 100% on
130%
120%
110%
100%
90% 0% Southwest Air
Down 11% S&P 500 TR
July 31, 2007
80%
70%
60%
50% Down 60% Citigroup
40% Down 63% American Air
30% Down 66% GM
20%
10% Down 81% United Air
0%
31-Jul-07
31-Oct-07
31-Jan-08
30-Apr-08
31-Jul-08
% Change in stock prices (without reinvested dividends) and in Russell
3000 total return index. Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 4

Financial Times July 25, 2008
Southwest Airlines' Fuel Hedging Boosts Profits
“… Southwest Airlines reported a higher quarterly profit, as hedges
locked in most of the low-cost US carrier's jet-fuel expenses well
below market prices. Derivatives contracts pinned 80 per cent of
Southwest's fuel bill at the average equivalent price of $61 a barrel for
crude oil, a commodity whose surge has overwhelmed US airlines and
forced them to make unprecedented service cuts, slash jobs and retire
older aircraft.
… Alaska Air Group, another US carrier that has mimicked
Southwest's fuel strategy, also posted a quarterly profit that exceeded
analysts' expectations.
Favourable settlements from Southwest's fuel hedges added $511m to
the airline's quarterly results. Revenue rose 11 per cent to $2.87bn.
Southwest's derivatives through 2012 are valued at about $4.3bn, and
cover 80 per cent of its fuel bill for the second half of 2008 and 70 per
cent of next year's expected costs. …”
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 5

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
July 2008 CBOE
Prices Since August 2005
Options Avg.
200
Symbol ETF Daily Volume.
FXE CurrencyShares Euro
FXE Trust 795
150 SPY S&P Depositary Receipts
SPY (SPDRs) 443,221
M o n th -en d P rices
USO USO United States Oil Fund 20,638
100
TLT iShares Lehman 20+Year
TLT Treasury Bond Fd 2,916
50 GLD GLD SPDR Gold Trust 30,925
iShares MSCI Emerging
EEM EEM Markets Index 43,155
0
Au g -05
Au g -06
Au g -07
(Aug. 2005 - July 2008) Source: Bloomberg
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 6

Select Indexes Since Dec. 1998
350%
300%
Re-scaled month-end prices
250%
MSCI Hong Kong
200%
MSCI World US$
150%
100% S&P 500
50%
0%
Dec-98
Dec-99
Dec-00
Dec-01
Dec-02
Dec-03
Dec-04
Dec-05
Dec-06
Dec-07
(Dec. 1998 - June 2008) All indexes are total return indexes,
re-scaled to 100% as of Dec. 1998. Country indexes are in
local currencies. Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 7

One-Year Change in Select Indexes
(July 31, 2007 - July 31, 2008)
How can diversification and risk management help investors?
Daily Closing Prices, re-scaled to 100% on
130%
120%
110%
July 23, 2007
100%
Down 5% MSCI Hong Kong
90%
Down 11% MSCI World
80%
70%
31-Jul-07
31-Oct-07
31-Jan-08
30-Apr-08
31-Jul-08
All indexes are net total return indexes in local currencies, except that the
MSCI World Index is in US $. Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 8

One-Year Change in Select Indexes
How can diversification and risk management help investors?
Daily Closing Prices, re-scaled to 100%
110%
Up 4% PUT
on July 23, 2007
100%
Down 1% BXM
90% Down 11% S&P 500 (TR)
80%
31-Jul-07
30-Sep-07
30-Nov-07
31-Jan-08
31-Mar-08
31-May-08
31-Jul-08
(July 31, 2007 - July 31, 2008) Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 9

One-Year Change in Select Index Prices
CBOE Lehman 5-Month Constant Maturity VIX Futures Index (VWX)
CBOE VIX Premium Strategy Index (VPD)
CBOE Capped VIX Premium Strategy Index (VPN)
Daily Closing Prices, re-scaled to 100%
140%
130%
120%
on July 23, 2007
Up 14% VWX
110%
Up 6% VPD
100%
Up 3% VPN
90% Down 11% S&P 500 (TR)
80%
70%
31-Jul-07
30-Sep-07
30-Nov-07
31-Jan-08
31-Mar-08
31-May-08
31-Jul-08
(July 31, 2007 - July 31, 2008) Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 10

2. Worldwide Derivatives
Markets – OTC and Exchange-
Listed
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 11

Worldwide Derivatives
$677 Trillion in Worldwide Derivatives
$700,000
$600,000
O-T-C Derivatives
$500,000
$400,000
Exchange-listed
$300,000 Options
$200,000
Exchange-listed
$100,000 Futures
$0
Dec.2000
Dec.2001
Dec.2002
Dec.2003
Dec.2004
Dec.2005
Dec.2006
Dec.2007
Notional Principal in $US Billions - Amounts Outstanding
Source: BIS
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 12

O-T-C Derivatives
$596 Trillion Notional in Dec. 2007
$600,000 Unallocated
Credit default swaps
$400,000
Commodity contracts
Equity-linked contracts
$200,000
Interest rate contracts
$0 Foreign exchange
Dec.2000
Dec.2001
Dec.2002
Dec.2003
Dec.2004
Dec.2005
Dec.2006
Dec.2007
contracts
Notional principal in US $ Billions – amounts outstanding. Source: BIS
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 13

O-T-C Equity Forwards & Swaps
O-T-C Equity Forwards & Swaps
$2.2 Trillion Notional
$3,000
Asian
$2,000 European
US
$1,000 Latin American
Other
$0
D e c .2 0 0 0
D e c .2 0 0 1
D e c .2 0 0 2
D e c .2 0 0 3
D e c .2 0 0 4
D e c .2 0 0 5
D e c .2 0 0 6
D e c .2 0 0 7
Notional principal in US $ Billions – amounts outstanding. Source: BIS
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 14

O-T-C Equity Options
O-T-C Equity Options
$7,000 $6.3 Trillion Notional
$6,000
$5,000 Asian
$4,000 European
$3,000 US
$2,000 Latin American
$1,000 Other
$0
Dec.2000
Dec.2001
Dec.2002
Dec.2003
Dec.2004
Dec.2005
Dec.2006
Dec.2007
Notional principal in US $ Billions – amounts outstanding. Source: BIS
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 15

Exchange-listed
Equity Index Futures
Exchange-listed Equity Index Futures
$1.1 Trillion Notional
$1,200 Asia and Pacific
Europe
$600 North America
Other Markets
$0
Dec.2000
Dec.2001
Dec.2002
Dec.2003
Dec.2004
Dec.2005
Dec.2006
Dec.2007
Notional principal in US $ Billions – amounts outstanding. Source: BIS
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 16

Exchange-listed
Equity Index Options
Exchange-listed Equity Index Options
$8.1 Trillion Notional
$9,000 Asia and Pacific
$6,000 Europe
$3,000 North America
$0
Other Markets
D ec .2000
D ec .2001
D ec .2002
D ec .2003
D ec .2004
D ec .2005
D ec .2006
D ec .2007
Notional principal in US $ Billions – amounts outstanding. Source: BIS
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 17

Leading Futures and Options Exchanges
January – May 2008
CME Group 12,412,577
Eurex 9,119,227
Korea Exchange 9,096,360
LIFFE 4,531,367
CBOE 4,369,784
ISE 4,075,541
PHLX 2,061,909
Natl SE of India 1,756,478
NYMEX 1,748,633
Avg. Daily Volume - Preliminary Estimates Based on 104 Trading Days.
Sources: CBOE and FIA.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 18

Select Options & Futures
Kospi 200 Options (Korea
Exchange) 8,787,780
Eurodollar Futures (CME) 2,981,842
E-mini S&P 500 Index (CME) 2,291,626
DJ Euro Stoxx 50 Index
(Eurex)
1,646,446
5 Year Treasury Note (CME) 797,215
S&P 500 Index Options
(CBOE) 643,173
January - May 2008 - Avg. Daily Volume - Preliminary Estimates.
Sources: CBOE and FIA.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 19

Growth in Volume in Options and
Futures on U.S. Exchanges
28.3 million avg. daily volume in Jan.-May 2008
30,000,000
U.S. Options on Securities (SEC)
U.S. Options on Futures (CFTC)
20,000,000
U.S. Futures (CFTC)
10,000,000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Jan-May
2008
Sources: FIA and CBOE
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 20

Growth in CBOE Options Volume
6,000,000
Avg. Daily Volume at CBOE
4,462,075
5,000,000
3,762,836
4,000,000
2,688,189
3,000,000 1,858,132
1,432,884
2,000,000
1,126,772
1,061,970
1,000,000
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 JanJun08
SEC-regulated listed options are cleared and guaranteed by
the AAA-rated Options Clearing Corporation.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 21

Leading CBOE Index and ETF Options
S&P 500 (SPX) 627,236
SPDRs (SPY) 326,248
iShares Russell 2000 (IWM) 309,215
PowerShares Nasdaq-100 (QQQQ) 268,858
CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) 99,561
Russell 2000 (RUT) 58,954
S&P 100 (OEX) 52,240
Dow Diamonds (DIA) 40,896
Dow (DJX) 26,066
Nasdaq-100 (NDX) 25,595
Average Daily Volume in January-June, 2008. Source: CBOE.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 22

Select O-T-C Derivatives –
Credit Default Swaps
and Equity-linked Derivatives
$58 Trillion in Credit Default Swaps
$80,000
$70,000
$60,000
$50,000 Credit Default Swaps
$40,000 (O-T-C)
$30,000
Equity-linked O-T-C
$20,000
Derivatives
$10,000
$0
Dec.2000
Dec.2001
Dec.2002
Dec.2003
Dec.2004
Dec.2005
Dec.2006
Dec.2007
Notional Principal in $US Billions - Amounts Outstanding
Source: BIS
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 23

Credit Event Binary Options (CEBOs)
Credit Event Binary Options (CEBOs) are the
CBOE’s translation of credit default swaps (CDS) to a
regulated and centralized marketplace
CEBOs pay a fixed amount if a credit event is
confirmed in a reference entity.
Payment is made at the time of the credit event
CEBOs expire worthless if no credit event is
confirmed before expiration
Contract’s value can fluctuate significantly as perceptions of
credit quality change
‘Credit Event’:
Bankruptcy
Failure to pay
Contract specifications inspired by language from the 2003
ISDA credit derivatives definitions
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 24

3. Detailed Analysis of Options,
Including Inputs to Pricing, and
Evaluation of Risk Determinants
(the \"Greeks\")
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 25

Exchange Listed Equity Options
Calls – Right to buy stock at certain price for certain period
Puts – Right to sell stock at certain price for certain period
Usually represents 100 shares
Limited life – usually expires after third Friday
Option Info – 200 DD Jan 50 calls for 1.55
Number of contracts
Underlying Security
Expiration Date
Strike price
Call / Put
Premium
One or more can be combined with a stock
Two or more can be combined in a spread
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 26

Option Terms to Know
Premium – price paid for the option
($1.55 times 20,000 shares = $31,000)
Intrinsic Value – Parity value of option
Time Premium – Premium minus parity
In-the-money (ITM)– option with parity value
Out-of-the-money (OTM)– option with only time premium
Historical Volatility – past movements
Implied Volatility – anticipated movements in the future
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 27

Inputs to Option Pricing
Increase in: Calls Puts
Stock Price +(direct) -(inverse)
Interest Rates +(direct) -(inverse)
Strike Price -(inverse) +(direct)
Dividends -(inverse) +(direct)
Time to Expiration* +(direct) +(direct)
Volatility +(direct) +(direct)
* For all scenarios except deep in-the-money European style puts
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 28

Inputs to Option Pricing
Decrease in: Calls Puts
Stock Price -(direct) +(inverse)
Interest Rates -(direct) +(inverse)
Strike Price +(inverse) -(direct)
Dividends +(inverse) -(direct)
Time to Expiration* -(direct) -(direct)
Volatility -(direct) -(direct)
* For all scenarios except deep in-the-money European style puts
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 29

Foundation for Option Analysis
Review of the “Greeks”
Delta – change in value based on stock
Gamma – change in delta based on stock
Theta – change in value based on time
Vega – change in value based on volatility
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 30

Foundation for Option Analysis
Delta – price movement in the option based
on a small movement in the stock
Commonly called the Hedge Ratio
Similar to a bond’s Duration
Calls positive delta - Puts negative delta
Delta ranges from 0 to 100 (.00 to 1.00)
At-the-money has around a 50 delta
Also dependent upon time, volatility, rates
THINK OF DELTA AS PERCENTAGE CHANCE THE
OPTION WILL FINISH IN-THE-MONEY
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 31

How Delta Changes – 118 Days
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 32

How Delta Changes – 15 Days
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 33

Foundation for Option Analysis
Gamma – change in option’s delta based
upon movement in the stock
The Delta of the Delta
Similar to a bond’s convexity
Highest before expiration for at-the-money
Lower away from the strike price
Lower more time until expiration
Gamma tied to time decay and volatility
Long an option (Put or Call) = Long Gamma
Short an option (Put or Call) = Short Gamma
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 34

Foundation for Option Analysis
Theta – time decay in the option
Options are wasting assets
Gradually lose their time premium
Long options = negative decay
Short options = positive decay
Vega – change in option’s price based on
change in volatility
Long options = Long Vega
Short Option = Short Vega
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 35

Theta – 118 to 15 Days
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 36

Vega – 21 to 41 Volatility
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 37

What is the Key to Options?
Understanding…
All of these factors happen at the same time
Delta Theta
Gamma ixzt
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 38

Options Provide an Effective Way to:
Take risk-modified and leveraged
directional exposures
Provide downside protection
Enhance Returns
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 39

Directional Exposures - Price
May be as simple as buying calls or puts
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 40

Directional Exposures - Price
Or more sophisticated like using spreads
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 41

Directional Exposures
Or contain strategies with calls and puts
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 42

4. Strategies to Lower Portfolio
Volatility – Protective Puts,
BuyWrites, Collars, and
Collateralized Short Puts
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 43

Downside Protection – Many Types
1. Protective Put
2. Collar
3. Bear Put Spread*
4. Bear Call Spread*
5. Combination Bear
Spread*
6. Put Spread Collar*
7. VIX Call Options*
* Limited Downside Protection
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 44

Downside Protection
The most popular methods
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 45

Have We Seen These Before?
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 46

Downside Protection
Bear Put Spread – Pay for (Debit)
Bear Call Spread – Receive (Credit)
Combined into a low cost bearish position
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 47

Downside Protection - Hybrids
Put Spread Collar
Add sale of OTM put to collar
Use proceeds of sale to “buy-up” strike price
of long put or short call
VIX Call Purchase
Negative correlation with equity prices
provides hedging value
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 48

Enhancing Returns
Covered Call the most popular
Appears easy on the surface
Effective adjustment strategy is critical
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 49

5. Benchmark Indexes for
Strategies to Lower Portfolio
Volatility – BXM, BXY, PUT, etc.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 50

Key Performance Benchmark Indexes
Index Ticker Introduced Data beginning Website
CBOE S&P 2002
500 BuyWrite
BXMSM June 30, 1986 www.cboe.com/BXM
2006
CBOE S&P 500
2% OTM
BXYSM June 1, 1988 www.cboe.com/BXY
BuyWrite
Russell 2006
CBOE
2000 BuyWrite
BXRSM Dec. 29, 2000 www.cboe.com/BXR
CBOE DJIA 2005
BuyWrite
BXDSM Oct. 16, 1997 www.cboe.com/BXD
CBOE 2005
NASDAQ-100
BXNSM Dec. 30, 1994 www.cboe.com/BXN
BuyWrite
2007
CBOE S&P 500
PutWrite
PUT June 1, 1988 www.cboe.com/PUT
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 51

CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index (BXM)
Benchmark for strategy --
buy portfolio of S&P 500 stocks
write (sell) cash-settled S&P 500 Index
options every 3rd Friday for income
Announced in 2002
Data history back to June 30, 1986
“Innovative Index of the Year” in 2004
More than $30 billion in buywrite funds
www.cboe.com/BXM
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 52

CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index (PUT)
Benchmark index, announced in June 2007, with
price history back to June 1988.
CBOE is publishing daily closing price data.
Bloomberg ticker is PUT [Index]
PUT strategy is designed to sell a sequence of one-
month, at-the-money, S&P 500 Index puts and invest
cash at one- and three-month Treasury Bill rates.
PUT won Innovative Index of the Year Award at
Super Bowl of Indexing
www.cboe.com/PUT
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 53

Indexes Since June 1986
$11
Month-end prices for total return indexes, re-
$10 $8.71 BXM
$9
$8.43 S&P 500
scaled to $1 on June 30, 1986
$8
$7
$6 $5.98 - MSCI
$5 World (in $)
$4
$3
$2
$1
$-
30-Jun-86
30-Jun-93
06/30/2000
29-Jun-07
(June 30, 1986 - July 31, 2008)
Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 54

BXY, BXM, PUT and “Traditional” Indexes
Total Return Indexes (June 1988* – July 31, 2008)
$1,200
Month-end prices (scaled so that all = $100
PUT PutWrite $979
$1,000
on inception date of June 1, 1988)
BXY OTM BW $919
$800 BXM $803
S&P 500 $743
$600
30-yr TBonds $484
$400
$200 3-m o.T-Bills $244
$0
Jun-88
Jun-93
Jun-98
Jun-03
Jun-08
* June 1988 is the first month for daily prices for the SPTR, BXY, and PUT indexes. Sources: CBOE & Bloomberg. The BuyWrite
Indexes are designed to represent hypothetical buy-write strategies. Like many passive indexes, the BuyWrite Indexes do not take into
account significant factors such as transaction costs and taxes and, because of factors such as these, many or most investors should be
expected to underperform passive indexes. T-Bills and T-Bonds are represented by Citigroup indexes. See Risk Disclosure at
www.cboe.com/BXM for more information.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 55

Returns and Volatility PUT – CBOE S&P 500 PutWrite Index
(1 June 1988 – 30 June 2008) BXM – CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index
BXY – CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index
15%
PUT BXY
Annualized Returns
S&P 500
10% BXM Russell 2000
MSCI World (in US$)
T-bond 30-yr.
5% T-note 5-yr.
T-bill 3-mo.
0%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Standard Deviation of Monthly Returns
Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg. The figures above represent total return indexes; Citigroup indexes are used for
the fixed income numbers. Time period starts in June 1988 because that is the 1st month for the S&P 500 (TR) &
PUT index daily prices. Please see risk disclosures. Past performance is not a guarantee of future returns.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 56

Returns & Standard Deviation
For periods ending July 31, 2008
CBOE CBOE CBOE MSCI Citigroup
S&P 500 S&P 500 S&P 500 World 30-yr
BuyWrite 2% OTM PutWrite S&P 500 Russell Index (TR) Treasury
Index BuyWrite Index (TR) 2000 (TR) Net US$ Index
BXM BXY PUT SPTR
One-Year Annualized Return -1.2% -4.2% 3.5% -11.1% -6.2% -10.9% 9.1%
Three-Year Annualized Return 4.5% 4.6% 7.4% 2.9% 3.1% 6.8% 3.1%
Five-Year Annualized Return 6.9% 7.8% 9.4% 7.0% 9.9% 11.0% 6.6%
Ten-Year Annualized Return 5.9% 5.5% 7.7% 2.9% 6.9% 4.0% 5.7%
Annualized Return Since 1-Jun-88 10.9% 11.6% 12.0% 10.5% 9.9% 7.4% 8.1%
Annualized Return Since 30-Jun-86 10.3% n/a n/a 10.1% 8.9% 8.4% 7.0%
One-Year Standard Deviation 10.3% 11.7% 9.5% 13.7% 16.3% 14.8% 8.8%
Three-Year Standard Deviation 6.9% 8.3% 6.5% 10.1% 13.7% 10.8% 9.4%
Five-Year Standard Deviation 6.3% 7.9% 5.8% 9.5% 14.3% 10.1% 9.6%
Ten-Year Standard Deviation 11.0% 12.6% 10.3% 15.0% 19.9% 14.5% 10.7%
Standard Deviation Since 1-Jun-88 9.2% 11.0% 8.3% 13.7% 17.6% 13.9% 10.1%
Standard Deviation Since 30-Jun-86 10.2% n/a n/a 14.9% 18.8% 14.4% 10.3%
Sharpe Ratio* Since 1-Jun-88 0.69 0.65 0.90 0.44 0.31 0.21 0.36
Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
*Please see BXM paper by Ibbotson at www.cboe.com/BXM for a discussion about
caveats and use of Sharpe Ratio.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 57

Source of Returns- Sell “Rich” Options
From: Paper by Goldman Sachs. \"Finding Alpha via Covered Index Writing,\" Financial Analysts Journal.
(September/October 2006).
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 58

Gross Monthly Income from Options Premiums
Avg. premium received was 1.6% since June 1988.
BXM Index - Monthly Premiums
Received as a % of the Underlying
Average was about 1.67% per month
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
(June 1986 - June 2008). Source: CBOE.
Caution: Please note that the above amounts do not reflect the net amount received,
as the buywrite strategy’s stock position does have truncated upside potential.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 59

Recent Select Monthly Statistics
Month-end As a % of
Price Underlying Monthly Returns
BXM Monthly CBOE CBOE S&P S&P 500
CBOE Premium S&P 500 500 PutWrite Total
Volatility Index Received BuyWrite Index Return
VIX BXM PUT SPTR
Apr-07 14.22 1.1% 0.7% 1.1% 4.4%
May-07 13.05 1.3% 2.3% 1.9% 3.5%
Jun-07 16.23 1.5% -0.1% -0.2% -1.7%
Jul-07 23.52 1.5% -2.1% -1.3% -3.1%
Aug-07 23.38 3.7% 1.1% 2.0% 1.5%
Sep-07 18.00 1.9% 1.4% 1.7% 3.7%
Oct-07 18.53 2.1% 2.4% 2.8% 1.6%
Nov-07 22.87 3.3% -1.9% -1.1% -4.2%
Dec-07 22.50 2.0% 1.8% 1.2% -0.7%
Jan-08 26.20 2.4% -5.9% -5.4% -6.0%
Feb-08 26.54 2.8% 0.9% 1.7% -3.2%
Mar-08 25.61 2.7% 1.7% 1.2% -0.4%
Apr-08 20.79 2.0% 2.4% 2.3% 4.9%
Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 60

New CBOE Developments in 2008 –
- Extended BXM price history back to June 30, 1986
- Plan to introduce a 95-110 collar index with ticker “CLL”
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 61

Studies on BuyWrites
Fund Evaluation Group. Study of BXD and VXD Indexes (2007) at
www.cboe.com/BXD http://www.feg.com/documents/EvaluationofBuyWriteandVolatilityIndexes.pdf
• Callan Associates. An Historical Evaluation of the CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite
Index (BXM). (Oct. 2006). at www.cboe.com/BXM http://www.cboe.com/micro/bxm/Callan_CBOE.pdf
• Goldman Sachs. \"Finding Alpha via Covered Index Writing,\" Financial Analysts
Journal. (September/October 2006). www.888options.com/institutional/research/pdfs/finding_alpha_via_covered_index_writing.pdf
• Ibbotson Associates. Feldman, Barry, and Dhruv Roy, \"Passive Options-Based
Investment Strategies: The Case of the CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index.\" The Journal of
Investing. (Summer 2005). at www.cboe.com/BXM www.cboe.com/micro/bxm/IbbotsonAug30final.pdf
• Duke University. Whaley, Robert. \"Risk and Return of the CBOE BuyWrite
Monthly Index\" The Journal of Derivatives (Winter 2002).
University of Massachusetts. Schneeweis, Thomas, and Richard Spurgin. \"The
Benefits of Index Option-Based Strategies for Institutional Portfolios\" The Journal of
Alternative Investments, (Spring 2001).
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 62

Risk-adjusted Returns
Exhibit 6 from the Callan Study
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 63

Exhibit 8 from Callan Associates’ 2006 Study
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 64

Exhibit 9 from Callan Associates’ 2006 Study
Rolling 5-Year Annualized Returns
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 65

Exhibit 10 from Callan Associates’ 2006 Study
Rolling 5-Year Annualized Standard Deviation
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 66

Exhibit 12 from Callan Associates’ 2006 Study
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 67

Exhibit 17 from Callan Associates’ 2006 Study
Annualized Return versus Risk
(June 1, 1988 - August 31, 2006)
10.25%
10.00% Aggressive + BXM
9.75% Moderate + BXM
Aggressive
9.50% Moderate
Returns
9.25%
9.00% Conservative + BXM
8.75% Conservative
8.50%
8.25%
3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% 10.0% 11.0% 12.0% 13.0%
Standard Deviation
Measuring the impact of adding CBOE BXM to diversified portfolios. Calculated with monthly rebalancing over the period
June 1, 1988 to August 31, 2006. BXM substituted for 10% of large cap equity exposure in each asset mix. In all cases,
return is essentially unchanged while risk is reduced, improving the risk-adjusted return as measured by the Sharpe ratio.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 68

Income Graph from 2007 Study by Fund Evaluation Group
The avg. monthly call premium received was 1.84%. www.cboe.com/BXD.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 69

More than $30 Billion in 45 BuyWrite Products
Samples include:
Ticker Investment Product
BWC BlackRock World Investment Trust
PBN Citigroup Funding PISTONS linked to BXM Index
DPD Dow 30 Premium & Dividend Income Fund Inc
ETW Eaton Vance Tax-MgdGlobal Buy-Write Opportunity Fund
BEO Enhanced S&P 500 Covered Call Fund
GATEX Gateway Fund
GSPAX Goldman Sachs U.S. Equity Dividend and Premium Fund
IGA ING Global Advantage and Premium Opportunity Fd
MCN Madison/Claymore Covered Call Fund
BXU Merrill Lynch 8% Return Notes Linked to BXM Index
MBS Morgan Stanley Strategic Total Return Securities (STARS) linked to BXM Index
NFJ NFJ Dividend Interest & Premium Strategy Fund
NAI Nicholas-Applegate International & Premium Strategy Fund
JPZ Nuveen Equity Premium Income Fund
PGP PIMCO Global StocksPLUS & Income Fund
BEP S&P 500 Covered Call Fund Inc. (IQ Inv. Adv., Merrill Lynch)
VEPBX Van Kampen Equity Premium Income Fund
BWV Barclays iPath CBOE S&P 500 BuyWrite Index (ETN based on BXM Index)
PBP PowerShares S&P 500 BuyWrite Portfolio (ETF based on BXM Index)
CBOE does not provide endorsements or recommendations for any fund. Investors
in some Asian countries might not be permitted to invest in these funds
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 70

Sample U.S. Fund Performance
Three- Standard
One-Year Year Beta - Trailing
Mkt Return Thru Mkt Return,
Deviation - 3-yr Thru 31-July-
1-Aug-2008 Trailing 3-yr Thru 2008
Annualized, Thru 1-
31-July-2008
Aug-2008
Gateway Fund (GATEX) 0.68% 5.57% 4.34 0.38
Eaton Vance Enh Eq Inc (EOI) -4.14% 1.29% 7.88 0.76
NFJ Div., Int., & Prem Str Fd (NFJ) -6.79% 3.51% 7.76 0.70
iShares Russell 2000 (IWM) -6.82% 2.85% 13.62 1.14
iShares Russell 1000 (IWB) -11.64% 2.82% 10.12 1.00
Source: www.morningstar.com on 4-August-2008
CBOE does not provide investment advice or recommendations for any funds, including
the funds listed above. Please read the applicable prospectus. Investors in some Asian
countries might not be allowed to invest in these U.S. funds.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 71

6. Benchmark Indexes for
Volatility-based Strategies –
VIX, VPD, OVX, etc.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 72

Volatility Indexes at CBOE
Index Options
Index Ticker Available?
Website
®
CBOE Volatility Index® VIX Yes www.cboe.com/VIX
CBOE DJIA Volatility Index VXD www.cboe.com/VXD
CBOE NASDAQ-100 Volatility Index VXN Yes www.cboe.com/VXN
CBOE Russell 2000 Volatility Index RVX Yes www.cboe.com/RVX
CBOE S&P 100 Volatility Index VXO www.cboe.com/VXO
CBOE S&P 500 3-Month Volatility Index VXV www.cboe.com/VXV
CBOE VIX Premium Strategy Index VPD www.cboe.com/VPD
CBOE Capped VIX Premium Strategy Index VPN www.cboe.com/VPN
CBOE S&P 500® VARB-XTM Benchmark VTY www.cboe.com/VTY
CBOE Crude Oil Volatility Index OVX www.cboe.com/OVX
CBOE Lehman 5-Month Constant Maturity VIX Futures Index VWX
CBOE Gold Volatility Index GVZ www.cboe.com/GVZ
CBOE EuroCurrency Volatility Index EVZ www.cboe.com/EVZ
www.cboe.com/volatility
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 73

News Clip Barron’s 21st July 2008
”… the current financial crisis has made CBOE's VIX a
market darling …
… In May, the Mumbai-based National Stock Exchange
licensed VIX to create India VIX. CBOE also has
agreements with the Taiwan Futures Exchange, Germany's
Eurex, and Euronext. VIX indexes will be listed on
London's FTSE 100, Amsterdam Exchange Index
(AEX), France's CAC 40 and Belgium's BEL20 Index. …
Last week, VIX was applied to crude oil, marking the start
of a series of non-stock VIX indexes. By year's end, CBOE
will introduce VIX indexes on gold, foreign currencies and
interest rates. This will complement Dow (DJX), Nasdaq
(VXN), Russell 2000 (RVX) and Standard & Poor's 100
(VXO) VIX indexes. … “ (emphasis added)
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 74

CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX® )
Since 1993 a premier barometer of investor sentiment and market
volatility.
In Sept. 2003 new VIX methodology.
Implied volatility index -- measures the market's expectation of 30-
day volatility implicit in the prices of near-term S&P 500 (SPX)
options. VIX is quoted in percentage points, just like the standard
deviation of a rate of return, e.g. 23.26.
The SPX options used in the VIX calculation are –
O-T-M puts and call covering the entire range of strike prices
(the “ volatility skew”)
From the nearby and next-to-nearby expiration months for a
constant 30-day volatility measure
VIX futures in 2004 and VIX options in 2006, with settlement date
on Wednesday (30 days before SPX expiration)
www.cboe.com/VIX
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 75

Unique Features of Volatility Index
Products
Futures Pricing Based on Forward
Value of Volatility Index
Pricing Can Be Different for a Number
of Reasons
Wednesday Settlement
Special Opening Quotation Price
Negative Correlation to Stock Indexes
High Volatility of Volatility
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 76

Why Trade Volatility?
Negative correlation to most equity indexes
Positive correlation to credit prices
Efficient way to manage unwanted market risk
Unique properties of volatility create trading
opportunities
Historical difference between realized and implied
volatility
Volatility Term Structure
High Volatility of Volatility
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 77

CBOE Volatility Index (VIX)
VIX and S&P 500
75 1800
VIX Daily Closing Prices
S&P 500
(SPX)
50 1200
SPX
25 600
VIX
0 0
01/02/90
01/04/93
01/05/96
01/08/99
01/18/02
26-Jan-05
2/4/2008
Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg. (2-Jan-1990 - 22-July-2008).
www.cboe.com/VIX
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 78

Four Volatility Indexes Since Jan. 2007
CBOE Crude Oil Volatility Index (OVX) CBOE NASDAQ-100 Volatility Index (VXN)
CBOE Russell 2000 Volatility Index (RVX) CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX)
60 Select volatility indexes at CBOE
50 OVX
Daily Closing Prices
40 VXN
30 RVX
20 VIX
10
0
3-Jan-2007 5-Jul-2007 3-Jan-2008 3-Jul-2008
(3-Jan-2007 to 22-July-2008)
Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 79

One Year of Prices
US Oil Fund ETF (USO)
CBOE Crude Oil Volatility Index (OVX)
CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX)
120
100 USO ETF
80
OVX
60 Index
40
VIX
20 Index
0
23-Jul-2007 23-Oct-2007 23-Jan-2008 23-Apr-2008
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 80

ETFs and Volatility Indexes
(July 23, 2007 – July 30, 2008)
200
FXE ETF FXE – CurrencyShares
Euro Trust
150 USO ETF USO - US Oil Fund
GLD - SPDR Gold Shares
GLD ETF
100
OVX - CBOE Crude Oil
OVX Volatility Index
50 GVZ GVZ - CBOE Gold
Volatility Index
VIX VIX - CBOE Volatility Index
0 EVZ - CBOE EuroCurrency
23-Jul-2007 23-Dec-2007 23-May-2008 EVZ Volatility Index
Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 81

Three Volatility Indexes Since Jan. 2007
CBOE S&P 100 Volatility Index (VXO) CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) CBOE DJIA Volatility Index (VXD)
40 Select volatility indexes at CBOE
Daily Closing Prices
30 VXO
VIX
20
VXD
10
0
3-Jan-2007 5-Jul-2007 3-Jan-2008 3-Jul-2008
(3-Jan-2007 to 22-July-2008)
Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 82

High Volatility of Volatility
140% 132.0%
120%
94.2%
100% 83.3% VIX (spot)
78.5%
80%
56.0% VIX Near-term
60% 45.8% Futures
40%
20%
0%
2005 2006 2007
Historic Volatility of Daily Returns (Source: CBOE).
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 83

Volatilities of VIX, Stocks, & Stock Index
Historic Volatility in Years
2005, 2006, & 2007
150% VIX (spot)
132.0%
VIX Near-term Futures
94.2% GM
100% 83.3%
AAPL
GOOG
50%
IBM
S&P 500 (SPX)
0%
2005 2006 2007 Historic Volatility
Source: CBOE 2005 2006 2007
VIX (spot) 83.3% 94.2% 132.0%
VIX Near-term Futures 45.8% 56.0% 78.5%
GM 42.6% 41.3% 39.8%
AAPL 38.8% 38.1% 37.6%
GOOG 32.1% 34.0% 24.3%
IBM 17.9% 14.2% 20.6%
S&P 500 (SPX) 10.3% 10.0% 16.0%
Source: CBOE
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 84

Negative Correlations
Negative Correlations
The VIX and S&P 500 Indexes had a negative correlation of
daily returns (-0.85) in 2007.
0.5
VIX and SPX VXD and DJX
RVX and RUT VXN and NDX
0.0
-0.5
-0.76 -0.83 -0.82 -0.85
-1.0
2004 2005 2006 2007
Correlation of Daily Returns for Volatility and Stock Indexes.
Source: CBOE.
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 85

Key Dates for VIX Prices
Closing Price % Change
VIX SPX VIX SPX
Three days on which VIX rose by more than 50%
27-Feb-2007 18.19 358.76 64.2% -3.5%
15-Nov-1991 19.22 355.66 51.7% -3.7%
23-Jul-1990 20.11 352.20 51.5% -1.7%
Two days on which VIX fell by more than 24%
5-Apr-1994 25.01 1260.32 -24.0% 2.1%
15-Jun-2006 24.05 1260.68 -25.9% 2.1%
Seven days on which VIX closed above 43.70
8-Oct-1998 45.74 959.44 5.1% -1.2%
10-Sep-1998 45.29 980.19 14.2% -2.6%
5-Aug-2002 45.08 834.60 9.2% -3.4%
23-Jul-2002 44.92 797.70 7.3% -2.7%
31-Aug-1998 44.28 957.28 11.8% -6.8%
11-Sep-1998 43.74 1009.06 -3.4% 2.9%
20-Sep-2001 43.74 984.54 7.8% -3.1%
Survey of Trading Days from 2-Jan-1990 to 22-July-2008. Source: CBOE.
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 86

Key Specifications & Volume- VIX Futures & Options
Futures Options
Exchange CFE CBOE
Ticker VX VIX
Multiplier $1,000 $100
Last Day of Trading Generally on Tuesday, the day before expiration date.
Expiration Date Generally on Wednesday 30 days prior to the 3rd Friday of
calendar month immediately following the expiring month.
Trading Hours 8:30 a.m. – 3:15 p.m. Chicago Time
Avg. Daily Volume 4,387 102,110
(Jan-July 2008)
Open Interest 44,640 1,130,515
(July 31, 2008)
Launch Date March 26, 2004 Feb. 24, 2006
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 87

VIX Spot, Futures & Options in Feb.-Mar. 2007
On Feb. 27 the S&P 500 fell by 3.5%, the VIX Index rose 64%,
and VIX Mar. 07 futures were up 29.5%.
20
VIX Spot
15
VIX Mar '07
10 Futures
VIX Nov '07
5 Futures
2/1/2007
2/15/2007
3/2/2007
3/16/2007
On Feb. 27 the March '07 15.0 VIX calls rose 483%.
2.5
2.0 VIX May
'07 15.0
1.5 Calls
1.0
VIX
0.5 March '07
15.0 Calls
0.0
2/1/2007
2/15/2007
3/2/2007
3/16/2007
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 88

% Change in Prices on 27 Feb. 2007
S&P 500 (SPX) -3.5%
VIX Nov '07 Futures 3.2%
VIX Mar '07 Futures 29.5%
VIX Spot Index 64.2%
VIX May '07 15.0 Calls 77.3%
VIX March '07 15.0 Calls 483.3%
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 89

VIX and VIX Futures in July 2008
30
28
VIX Spot
26
VX July08 Fut
24
VX Nov08 Fut
22
20
1-Jul
3-Jul
5-Jul
7-Jul
9-Jul
11-Jul
13-Jul
15-Jul
17-Jul
19-Jul
21-Jul
23-Jul
25-Jul
27-Jul
29-Jul
31-Jul
The 2-week % change from 1-July to 15-July was 21% for VIX spot, 17% for VIX
July’08 Futures, and 8% for VIX Nov’08 Futures. Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 90

Benchmark Indexes and VIX Futures
CBOE Lehman 5-Month Constant Maturity VIX Futures Index (VWX) - reflects the
performance of a strategy that systematically holds a \"long volatility\" position
consisting of VIX futures with expiries ranging from 4 to 7 months. The strategy's
objective is to maintain a constant maturity exposure to 5-month VIX forward implied
volatility. The portfolio is adjusted daily by selling a portion of the 4th month VIX
futures and buying an equal amount of 7th month VIX futures, effectively spreading
the futures \"roll\" over each month.
CBOE VIX Premium Strategy Index (VPD) - tracks the performance of a strategy
that systematically sells 1-month VIX futures. This index tracks the value of a portfolio
that overlays a sequence of short one-month VIX futures on a money market account.
The VIX futures are held until expiration and new VIX futures are then sold. The
money market account decreases leverage relative to a stand-alone short position in
VIX futures. To further limit risk, the number of VIX futures sold at each roll is set to
preserve 75% of the initial value of the portfolio in the event that VIX futures increase
by 25 points.
CBOE Capped VIX Premium Strategy Index (VPN) - tracks the performance of a
strategy that systematically sells 1-month VIX futures, capped by the purchase of a
VIX call option. The short VIX futures position is capped with long VIX calls struck 25
points higher than the VIX futures price, or calls at the closest strike below if this strike
is not listed.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 91

Month-end Price Levels
-- CBOE VIX Premium Strategy Index (VPD)
-- CBOE Capped VIX Premium Strategy Index (VPN)
-- CBOE Lehman 5-Month Constant Maturity VIX Futures Index (VWX)
-- CBOE Volatility Index (VIX)
200
VPD
150
VPN
100
VWX
50
VIX
0
Jun-04 Jun-05 Jun-06 Jun-07 Jun-08
(June 2004 - June 2008). Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 92

One-Year Change in Select Index Prices
CBOE Lehman 5-Month Constant Maturity VIX Futures Index (VWX)
CBOE VIX Premium Strategy Index (VPD)
CBOE Capped VIX Premium Strategy Index (VPN)
Daily Closing Prices, re-scaled to 100%
140%
130%
120%
on July 23, 2007
Up 14% VWX
110%
Up 6% VPD
100%
Up 3% VPN
90% Down 11% S&P 500 (TR)
80%
70%
31-Jul-07
30-Sep-07
30-Nov-07
31-Jan-08
31-Mar-08
31-May-08
31-Jul-08
(July 31, 2007 - July 31, 2008) Sources: CBOE and Bloomberg.
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 93

7. Volatility-based Strategies
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 94

Volatility Trading
1. Negative Correlation?
2. Mean Reverting?
3. Implied versus Historical?
4. Other Issues…
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 95

Sources of Volatility Trading Ideas
Volatility Report: Macro Themes
Relationships
Term Structure
Relative Volatility Range
Volatility Surfaces
Ranking
Screening/Scanning
Correlation/Dispersion
Trading Activity
Backtesting
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 96

Volatility Report - Relationships
52- 52-
Index Closing Weekly Week 52-Week Week 52-Week 10-Day 30-Day HV 30-Day IV
Symbol Value Change High High Date Low Low Date HV HV Percentile IV Percentile
VIX 24.06 -3.84% 37.57 1/22/2008 9.70 2/22/2007 54.08 91.92 17% 65.33 9%
VXV 24.40 -4.09% 30.29 1/22/2008 11.32 2/22/2007 29.15 53.06 9% - -
VXN 26.30 -1.46% 40.77 1/22/2008 14.54 6/15/2007 72.01 88.97 37% 81.48 26%
RVX 29.58 0.51% 42.60 8/16/2007 14.25 2/22/2007 51.92 68.65 7% 59.90 16%
VXD 21.75 -3.76% 34.21 8/16/2007 8.93 2/22/2007 64.34 92.78 15% - -
VXO 26.51 -3.00% 38.88 1/22/2008 9.03 2/22/2007 54.52 106.47 21% - -
SPX 1353.11 0.23% 1576.09 10/11/2007 1270.05 1/23/2008 14.53 22.19 85% 22.58 68%
SPY 135.62 0.36% 157.52 10/11/2007 126.00 1/22/2008 11.13 20.51 74% 23.19 69%
1. Spreads between volatility indexes
2. IV and HV percentiles
3. 10-day to 30-day HV
4. Proximity to high and low readings
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 97

Term Structure of Volatility
Term Structure of VIX (2-18-08) Term Structure of VXN / RVX (2-18-08)
27 32 31.39 31.39
26.07 30.97
25.91
26 31 30.27 30.42
25.50 25.36
25.93 VXV 25.44
VIX 25.02 30 RVX
25 RVX 29.43
25.17
VXN
24.68 29
24.45 24.41 RVX Spot
24 28.92 28.8 VXN Spot
28.4 28.5
28
28.2
23
27
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
st VXN 26.69
y
er
ch
r
ay
ly
l
e
ri
be
ar
26
n
gu
Ju
b
p
M
ar
Ju
em
ru
m
A
u
M
Fe bruary M arch April M ay June
ve
eb
A
ec
o
F
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
D
N
1. Relationship between spot and future volatility prices
2. Provides valuable insights into market expectations
3. Is the market fading recent gains or losses in spot?
4. Is the info. consistent for the various products?
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 98

Changes in Term Structure
Term Structure of VIX (2-18-08) Term Structure of VIX (6-23-08)
27 25
26.07
25.91
26 23.87
25.50 25.36 23.70 23.72 23.72
25.93 VXV 25.44 24
23.51 23.54 23.43 23.38
VIX 25.02
25 25.17
23.43 VXV 23.57
24.68 23
24.45 24.41
24 VIX 22.87
23 22
08
09
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
09
09
08
08
08
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
y
st
y
er
ch
y
r
ay
ly
er
g.
ch
l
ly
r
t.
e
er
ri
be
be
ar
ar
ar
ep
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Ju
Ju
u
b
b
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b
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ar
ar
Ju
nu
em
em
A
ru
m
ru
m
A
o
S
u
M
M
ct
ve
ve
eb
eb
Ja
A
ec
ec
O
o
o
F
F
D
D
N
N
Term Structure of VXN / RVX (2-18-08) Term Structure of VXN / RVX (6-23-08)
32 31.39 31.39 30
30.97
31 30.27 30.42 28.90 28.89
29
28.63
30 RVX RVX
RVX 29.43
VXN VXN
29 RVX Spot 28 RVX Spot
27.63
28.92 28.8 VXN Spot VXN Spot
28.4 28.5 27.55 27.55
28 27.55
28.2 27.15
27
27 VXN 26.75
VXN 26.69 RVX 26.35
26 26
Fe bruary M arch April M ay June July 2008 August Se pte mbe r Nov e mbe r
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 99

Relative Volatility Range
Select Sector SPDR Relative Volatility Range
2/18/08
XLB-Materials SPDR -12.53%
XLE-Energy SPDR -21.59%
XLF-Financial SPDR -12.69%
XLI-Industrial SPDR -28.29%
XLK-Technology SPDR -35.91%
XLP-Consum er Staples SPDR -35.48%
XLU-Utilities SPDR -20.24%
XLV-Health Care SPDR -27.64%
XLY-Consum er Discretionary SPDR -33.48%
-40% -30% -20% -10% 0%
Undervalued Premiums (Negative %)Overvalued Premiums (Positive %)
1. IV forward looking / HV backward looking
2. Compares IV Percentile to HV Percentile
3. Understand the challenges
4. Interpretation is important
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 100

Relative Volatility Range
Select Sector SPDR Relative Volatility Range
2/18/08
XLB-Mate rials SPDR -12.53%
XLE-Ene rgy SPDR -21.59%
XLF-Financial SPDR -12.69%
XLI-Indus trial SPDR -28.29%
XLK-Te chnology SPDR -35.91%
XLP-Cons um e r Staple s SPDR -35.48%
XLU-Utilitie s SPDR -20.24%
XLV-He alth Care SPDR -27.64%
XLY-Cons um e r Dis cre tionary SPDR -33.48%
-40% -30% -20% -10% 0%
Undervalued Premiums (Negative %)Overvalued Premiums (Positive %)
Select Sector SPDR Relative Volatility Range
6/23/08
XLB-M ate rials SPDR 28.03%
XLE-Ene rgy SPDR 22.73%
XLF-Financial SPDR 17.11%
XLI-Indus trial SPDR 16.77%
XLK-Te chnology SPDR 10.00%
XLP-Cons um e r Staple s SPDR -8.11%
XLU-Utilitie s SPDR 9.21%
XLV-He alth Care SPDR 2.72%
XLY-Cons um e r Dis cre tionary SPDR 2.21%
-10% 0% 10% 20% 30%
Undervalued Premiums (Negative %) Overvalued Premiums (Positive %)
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 101

Volatility Surfaces
SPX Volatility Surface - 2-28-08 VIX Volatility Surface - 2-28-08
0.40 1.00
0.80
0.30
0.60 0.8000-1.0000
IV 0.20 0.3000-0.4000 IV
0.40 0.6000-0.8000
0.2000-0.3000
0.10 0.4000-0.6000
0.1000-0.2000 0.20
0.2000-0.4000
0.0000-0.1000
0.00 30 0.00 30 0.0000-0.2000
50
50
30
30
10
10
0
0
720 720
20
20
OTM Term OTM Term
40
40
1. Valuable insights into intricacies of volatility
2. Easily visualize skews, smiles and smirks
3. Pinpoints possibly profitable aberrations
4. Ask why the surface is shaped like it is
5. Make sure VIX data is based off of futures!
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 102

Ranking – IV Percentile
S&P 500 Stocks with Highest IV as % of 52 Week Range S&P 500 Stocks with Lowest IV as % of 52 Week Range
IV IV Ratio HV IV IV Ratio HV
Symbol Underlying Asset Range Last IV/HV Last Symbol Underlying Asset Range Last IV/HV Last
AMERICAN
AMT TOWER CORP 100% 47.45 113.14 41.94 1 TT Trane Inc 4% 16.61 137.15 12.11
ANALOG DEVICES COMMERCE
ADI INC 100% 47.89 127.72 37.50 2 CBH BANCORP INC. 9% 21.18 81.01 26.14
EXPRESS
SCRIPTS INC CINCINNATI
ESRX [class A] 100% 45.75 125.03 36.60 3 CINF FINANCIAL CORP 17% 32.89 89.07 36.93
FOREST
LABORATORIES
FISV FISERV INC 100% 38.19 140.63 27.15 4 FRX INC 20% 35.11 111.81 31.40
CISCO SYSTEMS
CSCO INC 100% 49.91 146.39 34.10 5 TDC Teradata Corp. 25% 41.12 121.50 33.85
1. Ranks stocks for high and low IV Percentile
2. Critical – find out why they are on the list!!!
a) Takeover
b) Earnings
c) Corporate News - Clinical Trial results, etc.
3. Interpretation is critical
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Ranking – Ratio of IV to HV
S&P 500 Stocks with Highest Ratio of IV to HV S&P 500 Stocks with Lowest Ratio of IV to HV
Ratio IV IV HV Ratio IV IV HV
Sym. Underlying Asset IV/HV Last Range Last Sym. Underlying Asset IV/HV Last Range Last
CLEAR CHANNEL YHO
CCU COMMUNICTNS INC 214% 96.35 91% 45.07 1 O YAHOO INC 34% 43.13 42% 126.93
MOODY'S HARMAN INT L
MCO CORPORATION 187% 75.90 100% 40.65 2 HAR IND INC 36% 54.81 77% 151.57
LAB CORP OF COUNTRYWIDE
LH AMERICA HOLDINGS 161% 31.06 83% 19.32 3 CFC CREDIT INDS INC 46% 85.87 27% 188.35
WATSON
PHARMACEUTICALS
WPI INC 160% 39.01 91% 24.31 4 WAT WATERS CORP 46% 34.12 67% 73.59
COMPUTER
ASSOCIATES INTL
TLAB TELLABS INC 151% 83.93 49% 55.46 5 CA INC 56% 34.65 64% 61.70
1. Ranks stocks for high and low IV / HV Ratio
2. Find out why they are here!!!
3. Distinguish between temporary aberration or real
opportunity
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 104

Screening / Scanning
Option Expiration Option Stock Call Return if Called Return if Unchanged Downside Downside
Stock Ticker Month Strike Last Bid Return Annualized Return Annualized Break Protection
Symbol Symbol (Year) Price Price Price (percent) (percent)* (percent) (percent) Even (percent)
AJG AJGDE Apr08 25 $23.97 $0.85 9.47% 34.10% 5.02% 18.06% $22.81 4.84%
BAC BACAH Jan08 40 $39.30 $0.65 3.49% 139.72% 1.68% 67.27% $38.65 1.65%
BAC BACBH Feb08 40 $39.30 $1.75 6.52% 63.48% 4.66% 45.34% $37.55 4.45%
BAC BACBV Feb08 42 1/2 $39.30 $0.70 10.10% 98.31% 1.81% 17.64% $38.60 1.78%
BBT BBTBF Feb08 30 $27.61 $0.60 11.07% 107.71% 2.22% 21.61% $27.01 2.17%
BBT BBTCF Mar08 30 $27.61 $1.00 12.74% 63.70% 3.76% 18.79% $26.61 3.62%
$105.9
BEN BENBB Feb08 110 6 $4.00 7.89% 76.72% 3.92% 38.17% $101.96 3.78%
$105.9
BEN BENDB Apr08 110 6 $7.60 12.04% 43.33% 7.93% 28.55% $98.16 7.36%
$105.9
BEN BENDC Apr08 115 6 $5.50 14.67% 52.82% 5.67% 20.43% $100.26 5.38%
1.Scan massive trading data for valuable insights
2. Very powerful when combined with backtesting
3. Don’t confuse macro issues as micro opportunities
4. Understand what the numbers are telling you and
the interaction between factors
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 105

Correlations - Dispersion
Ticker Equiv Beta Corr Specific Contribution HV IV Mean IV/HV Vol Weight Weight Select
Index IV % Variance To Index Voly % % Ratio % Multipli
er
A 7.09 1.3 43.11 23.63 0.02 26.19 21.41 0.82 0.33 0.11 1
AA 10.39 1.26 33.25 30.95 0.04 32.82 39.31 1.2 0.26 0.25 1
AAPL 10.95 0.54 21.54 21.22 0.05 21.73 27.43 1.26 0.4 0.67 1
ABC 7.53 -0.18 -5.25 29.94 0 29.98 26.05 0.87 0.29 0.07 1
ABI 7.6 0.7 21.93 26.95 0 27.62 24.21 0.88 0.31 0.04 1
ABK 10.44 0.97 59.95 11.23 0.01 14.03 16.89 1.2 0.62 0.07 1
ABT 10.23 1.16 62.73 12.44 0.09 15.98 18.85 1.18 0.54 0.65 1
ACE 9.02 0.97 47.87 15.48 0.02 17.63 18.35 1.04 0.49 0.15 1
ACS 11.45 -0.01 -0.84 14.53 0 14.53 19.18 1.32 0.6 0.04 1
ADBE 15.67 1.36 60.26 15.57 0.03 19.51 35.27 1.81 0.44 0.18 1
1. Ability to go long or short correlation
2. Profit from large movements in individual stocks
versus the index (or vice versa)
3. Tends to experience periods where it “sets-up” and
periods when it doesn’t
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Trading Activity
Quantity Symbol Expiry Strike Type Price Side Exch. Volume Ivol Delta OI(t)
1300 ADBE Feb08 35 Puts $0.45 SELLER ISE 1933 37.90% -0.495 3788
3000 AIG Jan09 55 Calls $4.45 BUYER ISE 3000 42.47% 0.35 17458
1502 AIG Feb08 65 Puts $19.50 BUYER ARCA 3004 229.42% -1 18581
1502 AIG Feb08 65 Puts $19.50 BUYER ARCA 1502 236.25% -1 18581
1500 AIG Jan09 55 Calls $4.45 MIDMKT ISE 4520 42.52% 0.3425 17458
2000 BAC Mar08 45 Calls $0.85 SELLER ISE 2567 33.28% 0.345 19440
2000 BAC May08 40 Puts $2.35 BUYER ISE 4673 44.35% -0.31 36620
2000 BAC May08 47.5 Calls $1.35 BUYER ISE 2269 33.58% 0.315 25001
1925 BAC Mar08 45 Calls $0.97 SELLER ISE 5900 32.35% 0.385 19440
1. Increases/decreases in:
a) Trading volume/Open interest
b) Implied volatility levels
2. Determine possible pins near expiration
3. Effective for analyzing roll activity for covered calls
4. Watch out for dividend plays
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Backtesting
Trade Date Asset C/P Strike Expiration Contracts Price B/S Trade Net P+L
1/24/1996 SPX Put 615 2/17/1996 -100 4.50 Sell 45,000.00 45,000.00
2/15/1996 SPX Put 615 2/17/1996 100 0.06 Buy -625.00 44,375.00
2/21/1996 SPX Put 640 3/16/1996 -100 4.00 Sell 40,000.00 84,375.00
3/14/1996 SPX Put 640 3/16/1996 100 0.62 Buy -6,250.00 78,125.00
3/27/1996 SPX Put 640 4/20/1996 -100 7.50 Sell 75,000.00 153,125.00
4/18/1996 SPX Put 640 4/20/1996 100 0.38 Buy -3,750.00 149,375.00
4/24/1996 SPX Put 640 5/18/1996 -100 5.00 Sell 50,000.00 199,375.00
5/16/1996 SPX Put 640 5/18/1996 100 0.06 Buy -625.00 198,750.00
5/29/1996 SPX Put 660 6/22/1996 -100 6.38 Sell 63,750.00 262,500.00
1. Can provide extremely valuable insights
2. Does the Past = the Future?
3. Small changes can make big differences
4. Be aware of macro issues impacting results
5. Be careful of data mining and timeframe used for
analysis
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 108

Summary – Volatility Idea Generation
1. Many sources of information for ideas
2. Some data extremely valuable, other data
requires some work and interpretation
3. Understand what the data is telling you and
its limitations
4. Watch macro issues = micro opportunities
5. Be careful of data mining and the timeframe
There is always
a better way
to do things…
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 109

8. Conclusion
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 110

Potpourri of Option Knowledge
Can be good without being complicated
If it is too good to be true find out why
Understand how your position changes
as asset changes and time passes
Volatility is extremely important
Know the probability of success
It is worth the effort to understand
options, their use is rapidly expanding
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 111

In conclusion
Diversification and risk management
Options-based strategies and
benchmark indexes have attracted
more interest
Please see the last slide for important
risk disclosures
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 112

In conclusion
Diversification and risk management
Options-based strategies and
benchmark indexes have attracted
more interest
Please see the last slide for important
risk disclosures
Summer 2008 Presentation to CFA Society in Asia. Please see the last slide for important risk disclosures.
This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 113

Options involve risk and are not suitable for all investors. Prior to buying or selling an option, a person must receive a copy
of Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options (the “ODD”). The ODD and supporting documentation for any
claims, comparisons, recommendations, statistics or other technical data in these materials are available by calling 1-888-
OPTIONS, or contacting CBOE at www.cboe.com/Contact. The information in these materials is provided solely for
general education and information purposes and therefore should not be considered complete, precise, or current. Many
of the matters discussed are subject to detailed rules, regulations, and statutory provisions which should be referred to for
additional detail and are subject to changes that may not be reflected in these materials. No statement within this material
should be construed as a recommendation to buy or sell a security or to provide investment advice. The CBOE S&P 500
BuyWrite Index (BXMSM), CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index (BXYSM), CBOE DJIA BuyWrite Index (BXDSM),
CBOE Russell 2000 BuyWrite Index (BXRSM) and CBOE NASDAQ-100 BuyWrite Index (BXNSM) (the “Indexes”) are
designed to represent proposed hypothetical buy-write strategies. Like many passive benchmarks, the Indexes do not
take into account significant factors such as transaction costs and taxes. Transaction costs and taxes for a buy-write
strategy could be significantly higher than transaction costs for a passive strategy of buying-and-holding stocks. Investors
attempting to replicate the Indexes should discuss with their brokers possible timing and liquidity issues. Past performance
does not guarantee future results. These materials contain comparisons, assertions, and conclusions regarding the
performance of indexes based on backtesting, i.e., calculations of how the indexes might have performed in the past if
they had existed. Backtested performance information is purely hypothetical and is provided in this document solely for
informational purposes. The methodology of the Indexes is owned by Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated
(CBOE) may be covered by one or more patents or pending patent applications. Standard & Poor's®, S&P®, and S&P
500® are registered trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and are licensed for use by CBOE. \"Dow Jones\",
\"The Dow\", \"DJIA\" and “Dow Jones Industrial Average” are trademarks of Dow Jones & Company, Inc. and have been
licensed for use for certain purposes by CBOE. CBOE's options based on Dow Jones indexes and financial products
based on the CBOE DJIA BuyWrite Index are not sponsored, endorsed, marketed or promoted by Dow Jones and Dow
Jones makes no representations regarding the advisability of investing in such products. Nasdaq®, Nasdaq-100®, and
Nasdaq-100 Index®, are trademarks of The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. (which with its affiliates is referred to as the
\"Corporations\") and are licensed for use by CBOE. The CBOE NASDAQ-100 BuyWrite Index (the \"BXN Index\") is not
derived, maintained, published, calculated or disseminated by the Corporations. CBOE Volatility Index®, VIX®, CBOE®
and Chicago Board Options Exchange® are registered trademarks and BXM, BXD, BXN and BXY are servicemarks of
CBOE. Copyright © 2008 Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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This is meant to provide general information; it is not to provide investment advice. 114