ERM has a strong pro-active dimension. As much about proactively managing as measuring It is a key part of our mission to Enable you to make decisions that are based on risk across the enterprise, levels of users,
Building a zero carbon ICT infrastructure Purchasing green power locally is expensive with significant transmission line losses Demand for green power within cities expected to grow dramatically ICT facilities DON’T NEED TO BE LOCATED IN CITIES -Cooling also a major problem in cities But most renewable energy sites are very remote and impractical to connect to electrical grid. Can be easily reached by an optical network Provide independence from electrical utility and high costs in wheeling power Savings in transmission line losses (up to 15%) alone, plus carbon offsets can pay for moving ICT facilities to renewable energy site ICT is only industry ideally suited to relocate to renewable energy sites Also ideal for business continuity in event of climate catastrophe
Hypernetworking Japan in Kanji - Presentation Transcript
How Japan can be a world leader in the next industrial transformation: Building a zero carbon economy 日本は次なる産業変換の中で、いかに世界のリーダとなりえるか: ゼロ炭素経済の構築 Bill St. Arnaud ビル・サンターノ CANARIE Inc – www.canarie.ca [email_address] Unless otherwise noted all material in this slide deck may be reproduced, modified or distributed without prior permission of the author
Climate Forecasts 気候変動予測 MIT
MIT report predicts median temperature forecast of 5.2C
The Global ICT Carbon Footprint is Roughly the Same as the Aviation Industry Today 地球規模の ICT 二酸化炭素排出量は、 現在の航空産業界とほぼ同じ www.smart2020.org But ICT Emissions are Growing at 6% Annually! しかし ICT の排出量は、毎年 6 %アップ!
ICT represent 8% of global electricity consumption
Projected to grow to as much as 20% of all electrical consumption in the US ( http://uclue.com/index.php?xq=724 )
Future Broadband- Internet alone is expected to consume 5% of all electricity http://www.ee.unimelb.edu.au/people/rst/talks/files/Tucker_Green_Plenary.pdf
The Global ICT Carbon Footprint by Subsector 地球規模の ICT (分野別)二酸化炭素排出量 www.smart2020.org The Number of PCs (Desktops and Laptops) Globally is Expected to Increase from 592 Million in 2002 to More Than Four Billion in 2020 世界のパソコン台数は、 2002 年 5 億 92 百万台が 2020 年には 40 億台へ PCs Are Biggest Problem Data Centers Are Low Hanging FRuit
IT biggest power draw IT の最大消費電力 Heating, Cooling and Ventilation 40-50% Lighting 11% IT Equipment 30-40% Other 6% Sources: BOMA 2006, EIA 2006, AIA 2006 Energy Consumption Typical Building 典型的ビルのエネルギー消費 Energy Consumption World Wide 世界のエネルギー消費 Transportation 25% Manufacturing 25% Buildings 50%
The Falsehood of Energy Efficiency エネルギー効率化の偽り
Most current approaches to reduce carbon footprint are focused on increased energy efficiency of equipment and processes
二酸化炭素排出量削減の最近のアプローチは装置と処理のエネルギー効率化
But growth in ICT deployment of equipment and services is outstripping any gains made in efficiency
しかし ICT の機器やサービスの急展開が他の利益効率性を上回っている
Which is likely to accelerate as ICT is used to support abatement in other fields such as smart homes, smart buildings, smart grids etc
In last Energy crisis in 1973 Congress passed first energy efficiency laws (CAFÉ) which mandate minimum mileage for cars, home insulation and appliances
Net effect was to reduce cost of driving car, heating or cooling home, and electricity required for appliances
Consumer response was to drive further, buy bigger homes and appliance
MIT to build zero carbon data center in Holyoke MA マサチューセッツに炭素ゼロデータセンターを MIT が構築
The data center will be managed and funded by the four main partners in the facility: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cisco Systems , the University of Massachusetts and EMC .
データセンターは 4 つのパートナーにより設立、運営されている。( MIT 、シスコシステムズ、マサチューセッツ大学、 EMC )
It will be a high-performance computing environment that will help expand the research and development capabilities of the companies and schools in Holyoke
Many examples already 既設の多数事例 Hydro-electric powered data centers Data Islandia Digital Data Archive ASIO solar powered data centers Wind powered data centers Ecotricity in UK builds windmills at data center locations with no capital cost to user
Grand Challenge – Building robust ICT services using renewable energy only 偉大なチャレンジ~再生可能なエネルギーだけを利用した堅牢なる ICT サービスビル
30% of electrical power will come from renewable sources
電力の 30 %は再生可能な資源から
How do you provide mission critical ICT services when energy source is unreliable?
エネルギー資源が信頼できない場合、最重要な ICT サービスをいかに提供?
Ebbing wind or setting sun
風なし太陽なし
Back up diesel and batteries are not an option because they are not zero carbon and power outages can last for days or weeks
ディーゼルや電池でのバックアップは選択肢なし、なぜならゼロ炭素じゃないし停電の際の最後の手段
Need new network architectures and business models to ensure reliable service delivery by quickly moving compute jobs and data sets around the world to sites that have available power
Over 100,000 cell phone towers to be powered by renewable energy by 2012
2012 年 10 万塔を超える携帯電話塔は再生可能なエネルギーによる
Vertical axis turbines and solar
垂直方向のタービンと太陽軸
CANARIE Green-IT Pilot カナリーグリーン IT 事業
$3m allocation for world’s first zero carbon Internet
世界初のゼロ炭素インターネットを 300 万ドルで
Two objectives:
Technical viability and usability for relocating computers to zero carbon data centers and follow the sun/follow the wind network
太陽光 / 風力によるゼロ炭素データセンターへコンピューターを移動するための技術的可能性と有効性
Business case viability of offering carbon offsets (and or equivalent in services) to IT departments and university researchers who reduce their carbon footprint by relocating computers and instrumentation to zero carbon data centers
IT 分野や大学の研究者がゼロ炭素データセンターへコンピュータや機器を移動することによって、二酸化炭素の削減をするといった脱炭素のビジネスケースの可能性の提供
International partnership with possible zero carbon nodes using virtual router/computers in Spain, Ireland, California, Australia, British Columbia, Ottawa, Quebec and Nova Scotia
Emerging “Follow the Sun” Technologies “ 太陽追従”技術の出現
The ability to migrate entire virtual machines (routers and computers) to alternate data centres exists.
全体仮想化へ移行可能な柔軟なデータセンターの出現
Over HS networks the latency is tiny and transfer is invisible to the user.
HS ネットワークを超えた遅延はごく小さく、ユーザにデータ転送は見えない
Happens instantly without user knowledge, action or intervention
ユーザの知識、行動、介入なしに簡単に実現
Nortel’s research labs developed and conceived the “Virtual Machine Turntable in 2006 and through collaboration with R&E networks in the US, Canada, Netherlands, and South Korea proved viability. ノーテル研究所は、アメリカ・カナダ・オランダ・韓国の R&E ネットワークスとともに可能性を検証し、 2006 年に仮想マシーンターンテーブルを構想、開発した。
The SC06 VMT Demonstrator Computation at the Right Place & Time! We migrate live Virtual Machines, unbeknownst to applications and clients, for data affinity, business continuity / disaster recovery, load balancing, or power management DataCenter @Tampa SC|2006 Nortel’s Sensor Services Platform Korea KREOnet Netherlight DRAC Controlled Lightpaths Internal/External Sensor Webs Amsterdam
Economic benefits of follow the wind/sun architectures 風力 / 太陽光アーキテクチャーの経済効果
Cost- and Energy-Aware Load Distribution Across Data Centers
Obama’s cap and trade (Waxman-Markey) bill will force emitters to spend $1.25 on carbon offsets for every $1.00 on emission permits at $ 1billion per year
Three approaches to a better planet よりよき惑星への 3 つのアプローチ
Carbon Neutral
カーボンニュートラル
Attempt to reduce CO2 by undertaking activities that balance our carbon footprint
事業活動による CO2 削減の試みと私たちの二酸化炭素排出量とのバランス
E.g. Cap and trade, planting trees, etc
例)排出権取引、植樹
Zero Carbon
ゼロカーボン
Attempt to reduce directly our carbon footprint as close as possible to zero
できるだけゼロに近づける私たちの二酸化炭素排出量を直接的に削減する試み
E.g. Use of renewable power
例)再生可能な電力の利用
Carbon Positive
カーボンポジティブ
Attempt to reduce CO2 greater than our carbon footprint
私たちの二酸化炭素排出量よりも大きな CO2 削減の試み
E.g. Carbon absorbing roof tiles, carbon rewards or gCommerce
例)炭素吸収屋根タイル、gコマースによる炭素報酬
Carbon Rewards rather carbon taxes – “gCommerce” 炭素税よりも炭素報酬~“gコマース”
Although carbon taxes or cap and trade are revenue neutral, they payee rarely sees any direct benefit
炭素税や排出権取引は収支中立だけれども、直接的な利益はだれに
No incentive other than higher cost to reduce footprint
二酸化炭素排出量削減のための高いコストだけで他にインセンティブなし
Rather than penalize consumers and businesses for carbon emissions, can we reward them for reducing their carbon emissions?
炭素排出のために消費者やビジネスを罰するより、炭素排出削減のために報酬を与えたほうが?
Carbon rewards can be “virtual” products delivered over broadband networks such movies, books, education, health services, collarboartive education and research technologies etc
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