Memory and Learning By Brian Southerland

Importance of Knowledge in Learning Domain-specific knowledge – Information pertaining to a particular task or subject. Ex – knowing football plays General knowledge - Information that applies to many different situations. Ex – knowing how to read or write

Domain-specific knowledge – Information pertaining to a particular task or subject.

Ex – knowing football plays

General knowledge - Information that applies to many different situations.

Ex – knowing how to read or write

Information Processing Sensory Memory – system that holds sensory information for a brief time period Working Memory – information focused on for a given moment Long-Term Memory – knowledge that is stored permanently

Information Processing

Sensory Memory – system that holds sensory information for a brief time period

Working Memory – information focused on for a given moment

Long-Term Memory – knowledge that is stored permanently

Sensory Memory Capacity is very large and can take in more information than we can handle (Woolfolk, 2007 p.250) Perception is assigning meaning on both physical representations from the world and our existing kn

Capacity is very large and can take in more information than we can handle (Woolfolk, 2007 p.250)

Perception is assigning meaning on both physical representations from the world and our existing kn

Working Memory Three parts - Central Executive – monitoring and directing attention Phonological Loop – rehearsal of words and sounds for short-term memory Visuospatial sketchpad - holding system for visual and spatial information

Three parts

- Central Executive – monitoring and directing attention

Phonological Loop – rehearsal of words and sounds for short-term memory

Visuospatial sketchpad - holding

system for visual and spatial

information

Long-Term Memory Declarative knowledge – knowledge that can be declared Procedural knowledge – knowing how to do something Conditional knowledge – applying your declarative and procedural knowledge by knowing when and why

Declarative knowledge – knowledge that can be declared

Procedural knowledge – knowing how to do something

Conditional knowledge – applying your declarative and procedural knowledge by knowing when and why

Remembering Information Mnemonics – strategies build meaning by connecting what is to be learned with words or images Loci Method – associating items with specific places Acronym – remembering names, phrases or steps by using the first letter of each word to form new memorable words. Rote Memorization – remembering by repetition

Mnemonics – strategies build meaning by connecting what is to be learned with words or images

Loci Method – associating items with specific places

Acronym – remembering names, phrases or steps by using the first letter of each word

to form new memorable words.

Rote Memorization – remembering

by repetition

Forgetting Information Decay – weakening and fading of memories with the passage of time Interference – process that occurs when remembering certain information is hampered by the presence of other information Woolfolk, 2007 p.257, 265

Decay – weakening and fading of memories with the passage of time

Interference – process that occurs when remembering certain information is hampered by the presence of other information

Woolfolk, 2007 p.257, 265

Teaching Strategies Teach students to: - Read and review - Focus on key information - link new information with previous knowledge Use visual aids and model memory strategies

Teach students to:

- Read and review

- Focus on key information

- link new information with previous knowledge

Use visual aids and model memory

strategies

References Woolfolk, Anita (2007) Educational Psychology: Tenth Edition. Boston: Pearson