Concept Models
Dan Brown • Principal, EightShapes, LLC
Interaction08 • Savannah, GA • February 9, 2008

Your assignment:
Build an application for
reporting expenses
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

3
How do you escape from this?
Association of British Columbia Land Surveyors
Expense Report
Name:
For: Date Prepared:
Signature: Approved:
Date Item(s) Board Km $0.45 Air or Lodging Meal Other Total GST
Fees Rate Ferry $15/18/26*
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
$0.00 $0.00
Total $0.00 $0.00
For Office Use Only
Date Comment
Expenses: $0.00
GST: $0.00
Total: $0.00
Total
*Meal Per Diem
Breakfast -$15, Lunch -$18 & Dinner $26 -when applying for one meal Breakfast & Lunch combined - $30
Breakfast & Dinner Combined - $38 Lunch & Dinner Combined - $38 Full Day - $48
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

4
You might have requirements…
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

5
You might have personas…
Finance ~ Thomas
mollis. Donec semper turpis sed diam.
m.
ohn d dia Sed consequat ligula nec tortor.
e~J
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ye r tur pis s r. Integer eget sem. Ut vitae enim eu est
mplo ec sempea nec tort im eu est
o
E vehicula gravida. Manager ~ Harriet
is. D
on
at li gul itae en
moll onsequ m. Ut v mo
Morbi ipsum ipsum, porta nec, tempor llis. Donec semper turpis sed
diam.
Se dc t se por id, auctor vitae, purus. Pellentesque Sed consequat ligula nec tortor.
er ege ida.
nec , tem
Integ ula grav , porta llentesq .
ue neque. Nulla luctus erat vitae libero. Integer eget sem. Ut vitae enim
hi c sum s. Pe ro eu est
ve m ip puru libe Integer nec enim. Phasellus aliquam vehicula gravida.
ipsu vitae m
M orbi or vitae, tus erat us aliqua m enim et tortor. Quisque aliquet, quam rbi ipsum ips Mo
uct luc ell ua um, porta nec, tempor
id, a . Nulla im. Phas aliquet, q elementum id, auctor vitae, purus. Pelle
e n ntesque
nequ r nec e Quisque condimentum feugiat, tellus odio neque. Nulla luctus erat vit
e . ae libero.
Integ et tortor odio em consectetuer wisi, vel nonummy sem eger nec enim. Phasellus aliquam
Int
enim ntum ellus s
me ug iat, t nummy isi neque in elit. Curabitur eleifend wisi enim et tortor. Quisque aliquet, quam
ele m fe l no dw ele
im entu wisi, ve r eleifen itant iaculis ipsum. Pellentesque habitant mentum
cond ctetuer urabitu que hab et morbi tristique senectus et netus et condimentum
e C tes tus feugiat, tellus odio
cons in elit. ellen tus et ne malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. consectetuer wisi, vel nonu
e P
nequ s ipsum. senec tas. mmy sem
uli e is eges ces. velit non ligula laoreet ultrices. que in elit. Curabitur eleifend
In non ne
iac i tristiqu turp ltri wisi
rb s ac laoreet u iaculis ipsum. Pellentesque
mo fame la nisl. Praesent ultricies facilisis nisl. rbi tristique se
• habitant
s uada non ligu i lisis mo nectus et netus et
male velit s fac • mi. Vivamus luctus elit sit amet mi.
on ul tricie met malesuada fames ac turpis
In n nt it a egestas.
Pr aese elit s
ctus erat Phasellus pellentesque, erat non velit non ligula laoreet ultrices.
• In
• us lu que,
ivam ntes eget
V pelle • Praesent ultricies facilisis nis
• ellus • n sl
ielementum volutpat, dolor nisl l.
Phas olor • Vivamus luctus elit sit amet
• at, d
eget olutp
porta neque, vitae mi.
ent um v vitae • Phasellus pellentesque, er
elem neque, at
• eget
porta
• elementum volutpat, dolor
nisl
porta neque, vitae
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Now what?
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

7
You could do a flowchart…
Employee View Administrator View
Confirm
Inbox
Submission
Submit Report
Create New Enter Expense
Report Details
Report Information
Add Expense
Rejection
error? no
Details
yes
Error Display
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

8
You could start wireframes…
Functional Specifications
Project Information 1 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
1 adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
Project Code pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
2
Manager 2 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
3 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
Regular Expenses pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
Date Description Amount Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
4
3 4 5 adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
5 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
6 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
Add 3 more lines9 adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
Mileage Expenses 7 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
Date Description Distance pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
6 7 8
8 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
9 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
Add 3 more lines 10
Submit Report 10 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed
pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus.
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

9
You could brainstorm…
http://www.adaptivepath.com/blog/wp‐content/uploads/2007/08/brainstorm1.jpg
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Underlying concepts?
What are you talking about?
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

11
Underlying Concepts
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

12
You could create a concept model.
Mileage
Rental
Manager
Automobile
Employee Paid Approve
Air
Project
Finance
Description
Amount
Lodging
Status
Travel Purpose
Reject
Expense
Food
Receipt
Type
Date
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

13
Manager
At least: You all agree on a vocabulary.
Employee Paid Approve
Finance
Description
Amount
Status
Purpose
Reject
Expense
Receipt
Type
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

14
At most: You find something interesting.
Date Receipts
on a are supported by
Employee incurs Expenses for a Purpose
are reviewed by
Project
to
Manager Travel
Food
Finance
Transport
Amount
Lodging
who determine Auto
if the expense is
will send the Air
Approved
Rejected
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

14
At most: You find something interesting.
Does employee
know when to Date Receipts
charge something
as an expense?
on a are supported by
Are there typical
purposes?
Employee incurs Expenses for a Purpose
are reviewed by
Project
to
What are they
looking for?
Manager Travel
Food
Finance
Transport
Amount
Lodging
who determine Auto
if the expense is
will send the Air
How are these
different?
How does Approved
management
approve
Rejected
expenses?
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

A Little Theory

What is a concept model?
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

17
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

18
Owner
Dog
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

19
Owner
walks
Dog
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

20
Concept models represent
reality by showing nouns
connected by verbs.
Owner
walks
Dog
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

21
Concept models represent
reality by showing nouns
connected by verbs.
Owner
walks
Dog
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Where did concept models
come from?
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

23
Where did concept models come from?
Joseph P
Novak
http://www.ihmc.us/users/user.php?UserID=jnovak
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

24
Where did concept models come from?
Concept maps are graphical tools for organizing and
representing knowledge.
They include concepts, usually enclosed in circles or
boxes of some type, and relationships between
concepts indicated by a connecting line linking two
concepts.
Words on the line, referred to as linking words or
linking phrases, specify the relationship between the
two concepts.
“The Theory Underlying Concept Maps
and How to Construct and Use Them”
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

25
How do seasons work?
http://cmap.ihmc.us/Publications/ResearchPapers/
TheoryCmaps/TheoryUnderlyingConceptMaps.htm
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

26
What are concept models for?
• Analyze and Understand
• Synthesize and Design
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Understanding Interactive Television
explaining interactive and digital television
production content developer
channel conflict
enabler
Content providers can distribute their
products directly to consu m e r s v i a
content
broadband IP connections. Such an
approach introduces channel
conflict. Content providers do not
want to alienate their cust o m e r s - -
cable providers. Ironically, for some
consumers, their cable prov i d e r i s
their broadband pr o v i d e r .
Interactive television applications mustreside
within a technology platform. Theplatform Interactive telelvision content rangesfrom
consists of at least three pieces ofsoftware: advertising to interactive programming.
production, publishing, and rendering. Implementations range from two-screen,
Web supplemented programming,tofully broadband
integrated video and digital content. connectivity
provider
broadcast
publishing
terrestrial cable
delivery
The three main channels into the hom h v
e ae
all developed interactive television
capabilities. Only satellite andcable,
digital satellite
however, provide digitalcable.
Terrestrial cable is the
only broadband medium
that permits two-way A computer equipped with
communications into the a high-speed modem can
home with additional directly receive dig i t a l ,
technologies. Digital satellite and interactive content.
broadcast television are not
two-way communi c a t i o n s
platforms. Subscrib e r s ,
therefore, need a phone
line to send request s b a c k
to the provi d e r .
rendering
A television equipped with a
digital set-top box can receive
digital programming from three
different kinds of carr i e r s .
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008
© 2002 Dan Brown

Understanding Web 2.0
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Confusing Web 2.0?
http://www.oreillynet.com/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/graphics/figure1.jpg
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Understanding Flickr.com
http://flickr.com/photos/bryce/58299511/
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

http://flickr.com/photos/bryce/58299511/
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Designing a Hotel Chain Site
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Concept Models as a Design Tool:
A Closer Look

34
Foundations of Interaction Design
Elements Qualities Design Basics
• Motion • Trustworthy • Layout
• Space • Appropriate • Typography
• Time • Smart • Color
• Appearance • Responsive • Material/Shape
• Texture • Clever • Controls
• Sound • Ludic • Icons
• Pleasurable • Sound
from Designing for Interaction, by Dan Saffer
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

35
Scope
Room Packing
Service Checklist
Weather
Shopping
City
Guide
Flight
Event Status
Planning
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

36
Views Purpose Name
Description: Human-readable explanation
Receipts Stats: Total Spent, Total Employees, Length of Time
Commands: Add Expense, Edit Purpose, Close Purpose
ed by
Line Items: Individual Expenses for Purpose
for a Purpose
Project
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008
Travel

37
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

37
Queue
Movie
Download
DVD
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

eipts
38
y
Components
ra Purpose
Feb 19, 2008 Feb 18, 2008 Feb 19, 2008
Transportation: Parking Transportation: Taxi Meal: Dinner
Project
$10.00 $45.80 $42.10
bill: $36.10 tip: $6.00
Travel
Food
Transport
Lodging
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008
Auto

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Democrats: CNN projects Clinton the winner in
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Many states are still too close to call
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Wall Street's worst day in 3 months College's most heated recruiting race
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HOME WORLD U.S. POLITICS CRIME ENTERTAINMENT HEALTH TECH TRAVEL LIVING BUSINESS SPORTS TIME.COM VIDEO I-REPORT IMPACT
39
Hot Topics » Super Tuesday • February 5 Results • Election Center • Campaign Issues • more topics » Weather Forecast Edition: International | Set Pref
Live Election CNN projects Obama as Alabama Democratic primary winner.
Watch Now: Live on CNN.com »
Coverage
updated 9:34 p.m. EST, Tue February 5, 2008 Election Center 2008
Video »
updated 11 minutes ago
DEVELOPING STORY 86 injuries in Shooting caught Los Angeles
Jackson, TN on tape 1:18 polling station
It's a free-for-all in the
early states LIVE: Real-time Super Tuesday results (Now Free)
Democrats: CNN projects Clinton the winner in
New York, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Tennessee;
Obama wins Illinois, Alabama, Georgia
Republicans: CNN projects McCain as winner in
New York, Connecticut, Illinois, Delaware and New
Jersey; Romney takes Massachusetts
Many states are still too close to call
developing story
Full Super Tuesday results
Sen. Hillary Clinton and former President Bill Clinton leave
their polling place after voting. (AFP/Getty Images) Get instant Super Tuesday results via e-mail
Nonstop coverage: CNN.com | CNN TV
Live February 5 Results » updated 1 minute ago
Democratic Races Republican Races
Reporting 1st Place 2nd Place Reporting 1st Place 2nd Place
ID 9% Obama 73% Clinton 23% NY 11% McCain 49% Romney 29%
AL 31% Obama 60% Clinton 38% MN 3% Huckabee 30% Romney 30%
ND 26% Obama 54% Clinton 43% DE 92% McCain 46% Romney 32% CNN TV » Programs
DE 92% Obama 53% Clinton 43% AR 6% Huckabee 60% McCain 22%
All Day Coverage!
MN 6% Obama 61% Clinton 37% MO 16% Huckabee 37% McCain 30% LIVE from the CNN Election Center,
the best political team covers every
race all day and night. 40 non-stop
1 of 5 1 of 5
hours! Today and tonight!
Full Feb. 5 Results | Election Center
'Larry King' Special Time! Tonight, Midnight
Who's voting today? Election Coverage
CNN TV Schedule | Headline News | Listen to CNN TV
Schneider: What saved McCain in Deep South
Clinton, Obama split early states 34 min
McCain takes four states, Romney one 38 min
Delegate results: Republicans | Democrats
Videos: The day's highlights, analysis
Markets »
I-Reporters share Super Tuesday experiences Updated: 5:17 pm ET, February 05
5 min
Why delegates matter in the presidential race Dow 12,265.13 -370.03 (-2.93%)
Map: See what's at stake in today's races
Nasdaq 2,309.57 -73.28 (-3.08%)
Election Center | State-by-state guide
S&P 1,336.64 -44.18 (-3.20%)
CNNPolitics.com »
enter symbol
Latest News
CNNMoney: Stocks take Super Tuesday tumble
Spears' manager accused of drugging her 5 min
CNN Wire: Latest updates on top stories Quick Vote
all news from the past 24hrs »
What's more important when you vote
for a candidate?
Character
More News Stand on issues
or see results
U.S. » World »
CNNMoney: Economists: Recession is here Chad cease-fire as thousands flee
'General Hospital' actress dies at 49 Ex-minister to challenge Mugabe
Politics » Health »
FBI eyes $1 billion surveillance deal Go easy on medicated lotions, creams, gels
Hopefuls fight for Super Tuesday Study: Pregnancy does cause memory loss Send, Share, See Your Stories
Super Tuesday: Share your pics from the campaign trail
Entertainment » Tech » Send your photos, video of severe weather
Fun-loving '1234' singer has breakout year SciTechBlog: Get your game on Is news happening near you?
'Fugitive's' Lt. Girard dead at 89 Free Web site maps crime reports, calls
more i-Reports »
Travel » Living »
Article
A less crowded, more colorful Oaxaca A work wife: Good for business?
Airline delays in 2007 were second worst ever Beatles' mystical guru dies
Ads by Google
I-Report » Special Coverage »
I-Reporters share Super Tuesday stories Solutions: Fixes for the environment 10 Rules Losing Belly Fat
Sperm whale's body washed up on beach Winter Getaways: Escape the doldrums Lose 9 lbs every 11 Days with these 10 Idiot Proof Rules of
Fat Loss.
Crime » Science » www.FatLoss4Idiots.com
Friend turns on ex-cop at murder trial More people pick TV over outdoors
Sidebar: Loose lips and the Holloway case Whopping gas field teases drillers Clearance Shopping
Top 5 Websites For Clearance Shopping
www.Faster-Zone.com
Business » Sports »
Wall Street's worst day in 3 months College's most heated recruiting race
JCPenney™ Official Site
CNN.com: Full Super Tuesday coverage Super Bowl's best offensive performances
Find Great Valentines Gifts & More- Free Shipping Over $49
Thru 2/7
JCPenney.com
From our partners
Results Coming In; Spin Starting Who will return to Patriots--and who will not
The Voting State by State Listen to the Dan Patrick radio show now CNN.com Extras »
CNN.com desktop alerter for your PC
Get news on the go with CNN.com's Podcasts
20 crazy Grammy getups Don't buy into dollar-cost averaging Sign up for CNN Breaking News Mobile Alerts
14 bountiful breakfast flicks What's next for boomers Check out the rest of CNN.com's tools and widgets
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© 2008 Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. All Rights Reserved. CNN en Espa!ol | Arabic | Japanese | Korean | Turkish
Terms of service | Privacy guidelines | Advertise with us | About us | Contact us | Help International Edition | CNN TV | CNN International | Headline News | Transcripts
Category
Collection
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HOME WORLD U.S. POLITICS CRIME ENTERTAINMENT HEALTH TECH TRAVEL LIVING BUSINESS SPORTS TIME.COM VIDEO I-REPORT IMPACT
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Hot Topics » Super Tuesday • February 5 Results • Election Center • Campaign Issues • more topics » Weather Forecast Edition: International | Set Pref
Live Election CNN projects Obama as Alabama Democratic primary winner.
Watch Now: Live on CNN.com »
Coverage
updated 9:34 p.m. EST, Tue February 5, 2008 Election Center 2008
Video »
updated 11 minutes ago
DEVELOPING STORY 86 injuries in Shooting caught Los Angeles
Jackson, TN on tape 1:18 polling station
It's a free-for-all in the
early states LIVE: Real-time Super Tuesday results (Now Free)
Democrats: CNN projects Clinton the winner in
New York, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Tennessee;
Obama wins Illinois, Alabama, Georgia
Republicans: CNN projects McCain as winner in
New York, Connecticut, Illinois, Delaware and New
Jersey; Romney takes Massachusetts
Many states are still too close to call
developing story
Full Super Tuesday results
Sen. Hillary Clinton and former President Bill Clinton leave
their polling place after voting. (AFP/Getty Images) Get instant Super Tuesday results via e-mail
Nonstop coverage: CNN.com | CNN TV
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Hot Topics » Super Tuesday • February 5 Results • Election Center • Campaign Issues • more topics » Weather Forecast Edition: International | Set Pref
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ID 9% Obama 73% Clinton 23% NY 11% McCain 49% Romney 29%
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Airline delays in 2007 were second worst ever Beatles' mystical guru dies
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I-Reporters share Super Tuesday stories Solutions: Fixes for the environment 10 Rules Losing Belly Fat
Sperm whale's body washed up on beach Winter Getaways: Escape the doldrums Lose 9 lbs every 11 Days with these 10 Idiot Proof Rules of
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Wall Street's worst day in 3 months College's most heated recruiting race
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Collection
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Category
Article
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Web | CNN News | CNN Videos
HOME WORLD U.S. POLITICS CRIME ENTERTAINMENT HEALTH TECH TRAVEL LIVING BUSINESS SPORTS TIME.COM VIDEO I-REPORT IMPACT
41
Hot Topics » Super Tuesday • February 5 Results • Election Center • Campaign Issues • more topics » Weather Forecast Edition: International | Set Pref
Live Election CNN projects Obama as Alabama Democratic primary winner.
Watch Now: Live on CNN.com »
Coverage
updated 9:34 p.m. EST, Tue February 5, 2008 Election Center 2008
Video »
updated 11 minutes ago
DEVELOPING STORY 86 injuries in Shooting caught Los Angeles
Jackson, TN on tape 1:18 polling station
It's a free-for-all in the
early states LIVE: Real-time Super Tuesday results (Now Free)
Democrats: CNN projects Clinton the winner in
New York, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Tennessee;
Obama wins Illinois, Alabama, Georgia
Republicans: CNN projects McCain as winner in
New York, Connecticut, Illinois, Delaware and New
Jersey; Romney takes Massachusetts
Many states are still too close to call
developing story
Full Super Tuesday results
Sen. Hillary Clinton and former President Bill Clinton leave
their polling place after voting. (AFP/Getty Images) Get instant Super Tuesday results via e-mail
Nonstop coverage: CNN.com | CNN TV
Live February 5 Results » updated 1 minute ago
Democratic Races Republican Races
Reporting 1st Place 2nd Place Reporting 1st Place 2nd Place
ID 9% Obama 73% Clinton 23% NY 11% McCain 49% Romney 29%
AL 31% Obama 60% Clinton 38% MN 3% Huckabee 30% Romney 30%
ND 26% Obama 54% Clinton 43% DE 92% McCain 46% Romney 32% CNN TV » Programs
DE 92% Obama 53% Clinton 43% AR 6% Huckabee 60% McCain 22%
All Day Coverage!
MN 6% Obama 61% Clinton 37% MO 16% Huckabee 37% McCain 30% LIVE from the CNN Election Center,
the best political team covers every
race all day and night. 40 non-stop
1 of 5 1 of 5
hours! Today and tonight!
Full Feb. 5 Results | Election Center
'Larry King' Special Time! Tonight, Midnight
Who's voting today? Election Coverage
CNN TV Schedule | Headline News | Listen to CNN TV
Schneider: What saved McCain in Deep South
Clinton, Obama split early states 34 min
McCain takes four states, Romney one 38 min
Delegate results: Republicans | Democrats
Videos: The day's highlights, analysis
Markets »
I-Reporters share Super Tuesday experiences Updated: 5:17 pm ET, February 05
5 min
Why delegates matter in the presidential race Dow 12,265.13 -370.03 (-2.93%)
Map: See what's at stake in today's races
Nasdaq 2,309.57 -73.28 (-3.08%)
Election Center | State-by-state guide
S&P 1,336.64 -44.18 (-3.20%)
CNNPolitics.com »
enter symbol
Latest News
CNNMoney: Stocks take Super Tuesday tumble
Spears' manager accused of drugging her 5 min
CNN Wire: Latest updates on top stories Quick Vote
all news from the past 24hrs »
What's more important when you vote
for a candidate?
Character
More News Stand on issues
or see results
U.S. » World »
CNNMoney: Economists: Recession is here Chad cease-fire as thousands flee
'General Hospital' actress dies at 49 Ex-minister to challenge Mugabe
Politics » Health »
FBI eyes $1 billion surveillance deal Go easy on medicated lotions, creams, gels
Hopefuls fight for Super Tuesday Study: Pregnancy does cause memory loss Send, Share, See Your Stories
Super Tuesday: Share your pics from the campaign trail
Entertainment » Tech » Send your photos, video of severe weather
Fun-loving '1234' singer has breakout year SciTechBlog: Get your game on Is news happening near you?
'Fugitive's' Lt. Girard dead at 89 Free Web site maps crime reports, calls
more i-Reports »
Travel » Living »
A less crowded, more colorful Oaxaca A work wife: Good for business?
Airline delays in 2007 were second worst ever Beatles' mystical guru dies
Ads by Google
I-Report » Special Coverage »
I-Reporters share Super Tuesday stories Solutions: Fixes for the environment 10 Rules Losing Belly Fat
Sperm whale's body washed up on beach Winter Getaways: Escape the doldrums Lose 9 lbs every 11 Days with these 10 Idiot Proof Rules of
Fat Loss.
Crime » Science » www.FatLoss4Idiots.com
Friend turns on ex-cop at murder trial More people pick TV over outdoors
Sidebar: Loose lips and the Holloway case Whopping gas field teases drillers Clearance Shopping
Top 5 Websites For Clearance Shopping
www.Faster-Zone.com
Business » Sports »
Wall Street's worst day in 3 months College's most heated recruiting race
JCPenney™ Official Site
CNN.com: Full Super Tuesday coverage Super Bowl's best offensive performances
Find Great Valentines Gifts & More- Free Shipping Over $49
Thru 2/7
JCPenney.com
From our partners
Results Coming In; Spin Starting Who will return to Patriots--and who will not
The Voting State by State Listen to the Dan Patrick radio show now CNN.com Extras »
CNN.com desktop alerter for your PC
Get news on the go with CNN.com's Podcasts
20 crazy Grammy getups Don't buy into dollar-cost averaging Sign up for CNN Breaking News Mobile Alerts
14 bountiful breakfast flicks What's next for boomers Check out the rest of CNN.com's tools and widgets
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Terms of service | Privacy guidelines | Advertise with us | About us | Contact us | Help International Edition | CNN TV | CNN International | Headline News | Transcripts
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

ncurs Expenses for a Purpose
42
Interactions
are reviewed by
Project
Approve Reject
Click and hold to apply
to all expenses.
Manager Travel
Feb 18, 2008 Feb 18, 2008
Transportation: Taxi Transportation: Taxi
Food
Finance $45.80 $45.80
Transport
Lodging
who determine Auto
if the expense is
nd the Air
Approved Feb 18, 2008
Transportation: Taxi
$45.80
Rejected
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Employee incurs Expenses for a Purpose
43
Interactions Total Reimbursement: $129.58
are reviewed by
Pro
to
Manager Travel
Feb 18, 2008 Feb 18, 2008 Feb 18, 2008 Feb 18, 2008
Transportation: Taxi Transportation: Taxi Transportation: Taxi Transportation: Taxi
$45.80 $45.80 $45.80 $45.80 Fo
Finance
Transport
Amount
Lodging
who determine Auto
if the expense is Feb 18, 2008 Feb 18, 2008 Feb 18, 2008 Feb 18, 2008
Transportation: Taxi Transportation: Taxi Transportation: Taxi Transportation: Taxi
will send the $45.80 $45.80 $45.80 Air
$45.80
Approved
Rejected
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

44
Interactions: An Opportunity?
• Acting upon
• Belonging
• Creating
• Describing
• more...?
• Elaborating
• Attaching
• Annotating
• Yielding
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Rolling Your Own

46
Creating Concept Models
• Gather concepts
• Start creating connections
• Research and elaborate concepts
• Validate concepts and connections
• Economize connections
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

47
Gathering Concepts
• Make a list of nouns
• Start with most important concepts
• In the beginning, more is better
• Ask questions
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

48
Manager
Economizing Connections
utomobile
Employee
Paid Approv
provides
Project
incurs
Description
Amount
must have
Status
Travel Purpose
Expense
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

49
Sharing Concept Models
• Determine purpose and objectives
• Set expectations and keep an eye
on the crowd
• Generate questions and explain
implications
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

50
Questions and Implications
• What’s missing?
• Are these relationships correct?
• Do these relationships matter?
• Can we enforce these relationships?
• By making A belong to B, A will always appear in the
context of B.
• In this relationship, users acting on one node will affect
the other.
• If we take away this node, users will lose X.
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Three Final Thoughts

1.
Use concept models when the
underlying structure of a product
or feature is unclear.
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

2.
Use concept models to
escape the “page” metaphor.
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

3.
Use concept models to bridge the
gap between understanding a
problem and solving a problem.
Interaction08 :: Prepared by EightShapes LLC :: www.eightshapes.com :: February 2008

Thanks!
dan@eightshapes.com