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Voting Machines: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly,[object Object],Cara Monical, Centre College ‘13,[object Object]
Brown Fellow Project,[object Object],Exploration:,[object Object],Last summer: 6 weeks in Spain where I first discovered my passion for computer security and gained a more international outlook,[object Object],This summer: 8 weeks in South Carolina doing research in analyzing voting machines,[object Object],Next summer (intended): internship with NSA or FBI,[object Object],Partnership: working with election officials to improve the system,[object Object],Academic/Research Leadership: wanted to gain research experience in a larger environment,[object Object]
Importance of Elections,[object Object],Results of elections have a major impact on the people, the country, and the world,[object Object],The government’s right to rule is based on the people’s faith in the electoral process,[object Object]
General Chaos,[object Object]
The Good,[object Object],The blind community is able to vote independently for the first time,[object Object],Voting machines often make running an election easier for the poll workers, who are often volunteers well past retirement age with very little training,[object Object],Tabulating results is almost instantaneous,[object Object],The public, in general, prefers voting machines to past mechanisms for voting,[object Object]
The Bad,[object Object],Current voting technology is fundamentally insecure and flawed,[object Object],No meaningful audit trail for verifying results,[object Object],Elections are so close that machine malfunctions could change the result of the election,[object Object],PEB,[object Object],iVotronic,[object Object],PDA,[object Object]
The Ugly,[object Object],The already bad system is made worse by preventable human errors,[object Object],Votes counted without data support,[object Object],Votes in the data support but not counted,[object Object],Incorrect timestamps,[object Object]
Analyzing the Current System,[object Object],Worked on iVotronics made by ES&S,[object Object],Produce an event log that records iVotronicID, PEB ID, PEB type, date, time, event code, and event message for each event,[object Object],Try to find ways to improve from election to election with the current system,[object Object]
Methodology,[object Object]
Normal event log,[object Object],Time	        Event,[object Object],07:29:44   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],07:41:02   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],07:47:28   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],07:49:16   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],07:54:34   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],08:00:13   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],Partial event log for iVotronic 5122975, used in Lexington County, with all events from 7:35 am to 8 am on November 2, 2011,[object Object]
Problematic Event Log,[object Object],Time	    Event,[object Object],07:31:56   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],07:32:03   0002400 PEB access failed,[object Object],07:32:03   0002400 PEB access failed,[object Object],07:32:15   0002400 PEB access failed,[object Object],07:32:15   0000706 Failed to retrieve EQC from PEB,[object Object],07:32:15   0001635 Terminal shutdown - IPS exit,[object Object],07:35:30   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],07:39:44   0001510 Vote cast by voter,[object Object],07:39:51   0002400 PEB access failed,[object Object],07:39:51   0002400 PEB access failed,[object Object],07:40:03   0002400 PEB access failed,[object Object],07:40:03   0000706 Failed to retrieve EQC from PEB,[object Object],Partial event log for iVotronic 5101203, used in Lexington County, with all events from 7:35 am to 7:40 am on November 2, 2011,[object Object]
Types of Results,[object Object],Identified…,[object Object],Specific iVotronics and PEBs likely to have a problem,[object Object],Lapses in election procedure,[object Object],Differences between counties,[object Object],Differences between elections,[object Object],Found evidence of poor programming practices in the software behind the event logs,[object Object],Found some evidence of hardware failures,[object Object]
Hardware Problems,[object Object],Sumter, general election, iVotronic 5137877,[object Object],11/02/2010 14:25:43   0002504 CF - file read error,[object Object],	11/02/2010 14:25:43   0002513 File - Read or write error,[object Object],	11/02/2010 14:59:12   0002207 TF - chip vs chip crc error,[object Object],	11/02/2010 14:25:46   0002184 UNKNOWN,[object Object],	11/02/2010 14:25:46   0002449 UNKNOWN,[object Object],         	11/02/2010 14:25:12   0001204 Terminal vote image is corrupted,[object Object],				…,[object Object],             11/02/2010 14:57:20   0002504 CF - file read error,[object Object],             11/02/2010 14:57:20   0002513 File - Read or write error,[object Object],    11/02/2010 19:17:27   0002207 TF - chip vs chip crc error,[object Object],             11/02/2010 19:17:27   0002207 TF - chip vs chip crc error,[object Object],			…..,[object Object],             11/03/2010 11:23:00   0001404 Warning - no valid term audit data,[object Object]
Programming Problems,[object Object],UNKNOWN event codes,[object Object],Prints the hardware error messages for hours, pages of events,[object Object],The event “vote cancelled– printer problem” appears despite the lack of printers,[object Object],“Terminal shutdown” in some instances could be sleep mode, in others– definitely not,[object Object],The standard PEB access fail sequence is illogical,[object Object]
Future Work,[object Object],I hope to perform similar analysis on the iVotronics used in some counties in Kentucky,[object Object],I also plan to analyze the data from the upcoming South Carolina Republican primary,[object Object],The completed analysis will be submitted for the USENIX conference and to a computer science journal ,[object Object]
Acknowledgements,[object Object],Dr. Buell,[object Object],Dean Crepes and Carolyn Bledsoe of the Lexington County Election Commission,[object Object],Mrs. Laura Boccanfuso, Dr. Eastman, and Dr. Bowles,[object Object],National Science Foundation,[object Object],University of South Carolina,[object Object],The Brown Foundation and Centre College,[object Object]
Questions or More Information,[object Object],For more information about my research, my project, or the voting machine situation, please contact me at,[object Object],cara.monical@centre.edu,[object Object]

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Cara monical 2011 symposium powerpoint

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Editor's Notes

  1. Abstract: I spent 8 weeks of this summer at the University of South Carolina working with Dr. Buell on analyzing the event logs of the iVotronics made by ES&S. Current voting machines leave a lot to be desired in terms of reliability and security. My research consisted of looking for patterns in the event logs and seeing what kind of information could be extracted. While this presentation contains an outline of the methodology and results of my research, it also focuses on the general voting machine problem. Some of my “talking” points for each slide are included in the Notes section of this PowerPoint. The current working abstract for the paper (which will be submitted for a conference and journal) follows: The right to vote is fundamental to the workings of a modern democracy and as such elections should ensure that each citizen's vote is heard once and only once. However, most elections today use a computer system, and most election workers are volunteers with little training, and so human errors are introduced into the process which in the past has led to both votes in the record not being counted and votes being counted which were not in the vote record. Previous research in the area of voting iVotronics has focused on the shortcomings of current voting systems or developing better systems, but this research seeks to work with the current voting system in order to make future elections run smoother. This research delivers a system for evaluating event logs from elections in 2010 of the iVotronic machines used in South Carolina in order to identify anomalies and isolate potential causes. Additionally, this research raises serious issues about the quality of the iVotronic software due to issues found in the event logs.
  2. Research in voting machines perfect combination of computer science major and government minorPlan on a career in computer security research with a US agencyThis summer confirmed my goal of going to graduate school
  3. Picture from 1968 Chicago riots, what happened the last time people lost faith in the electoral process
  4. All reputable computer scientists not working for a voting machine company agree that all current DREs are fundamentally flawedIn NC, lost 4500 votes because machines ran out of memoryIn Ohio, 2004 Presidential election, Diebold president promised to deliver Ohio to Bush and then a voting machine records 4000 votes in a precinct with 400 votersIn SC, didn’t set up machines correctly, couldn’t vote until 1 pm, recording votes on toilet paperIn the 2004 election, would have changed the results with changing 1 vote in 1% of the precincts
  5. Average age of poll worker (in South Carolina) is 75, complex computer system, long days, little training
  6. ES&S controls about 70% of the marketEvents related to normal operation of the machine, poll workers entering menus, error type messages
  7. Basic outline of the analysis- will explain each step