Proficiency 2 Astronomy Science

Proficiency 2 Jessica Brothers

Proficiency 2- I can identify key technological advancements that helped in making our knowledge of space expand. My research will show the past, but I will also predict what future advancements may stretch our limits even more.

Key Technological Advancements The Past

The Telescope The telescope was introduced to astronomy in 1609 by an Italian scientist, Galileo Galilei Galileo’s telescope was similar to a pair of opera glasses, it used glass lenses to magnify objects However, his design provided limited magnification… He could only see a quarter of the moon’s surface without having to reposition his telescope In 1704, Sir Isaac Newton released his new design of the telescope. He used a curved mirror instead of glass lenses. That way it could gather light and reflect it back to a point of focus. The telescope that Newton designed led to magnifying objects a million times beyond what could ever be discovered with a lense.

2. Satellites For many years, humans have been putting satellites into orbit around Earth The many satellites that have been put into orbit provide communications, broadcast television and radio signals, and help scientists predict weather. There are more than 8,000 artificial objects orbiting space and more than 2,500 of these are satellites, alive or dead.

The Space Race The Space Race grew after World War ll, the Cold War pushed through the space race. The United States and Soviet Union raced to achieve dominants of space technology and exploration.

The Space Race Timeline Key dates: October 4th, 1957- Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1- the first artificial satellite. ICBM- Intercontinental Ballistic Missile November 3, 1957- The Soviet Union launches the first animal in space January 31, 1958- The first American satellite Explorer 1 was launched into space April 12, 1961- Yuri Gagarin is the first man in space (Soviet Union) May 5, 1961- Alan Shepard was the first American in space May 25, 1961- JFK made a famous speech to Congress- America will have a man walk on the moon by the end of the decade March 18, 1965- The Soviet Union had a man walk in space June 3, 1965- Ed White was the first American to walk in space July 20, 1969- Neal Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon(Michael Collins)

After the war ended, the Russians and United States decided to form a space station together. Both countries had great technologies in the Space Race and when they formed together, their ideas together made even greater technologies.

Key Technological Advancements The Future

The world will be making new developments in space. For the United States, the goals are to create a colony based in orbit, military, and build new spacecraft.

Colony The United States is now working on a tiny colony in orbit, the space station Freedom. Freedom is expected to live for three decades, orbiting around Earth every ninety minutes at a distance of 220 miles. The United States, Russia, Japan, Canada, and ESA (European Space Agency) will help the colony by providing smaller laboratory units. The goal of NASA is to conduct experiments to test the effect of microgravity on many different materials and living things.

I think there are many new space technologies coming our way soon and way in the future. I think these technologies will help us uncover the many mysteries about space. I believe once the mysteries are conquered, the amount of technological advancements will be huge and deeply affect the lives of people!

Bibliography "Group says International Space Station should focus on Earthbound, domestic issues / Scrape TV - The world on your side." Scrape TV - The World on your side. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Science/pages/Group%20says%20International%2 "History of the Telescope - History of Binoculars." Inventors. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltelescope.htm>. "Orbital Objects, Satellites, Space Junk Information, Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic." Science and Space Facts, Science and Space, Human Body, Health, Earth, Human Disease - National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/orbital.html>. "Space Race Exhibition." Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. <http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal114/gal114.htm>.

Proficiency 2 Astronomy Science

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