Corruption in the Philippines

CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

OVERVIEW
What are graft and corruption?
How are graft and corruption manifested in the Philippines?
What are the causes of graft and corruption?
What are their costs?
How can we fight it?

DEFINITIONS
Corruption
Pertains to the use of public office for private gain
Graft
Refers to the questionable acquisition of wealth by a person in office

CHARACTERISTICS
Corruption always involves more than one person.
On the whole, it involves secrecy.
Entails mutual obligation and benefit.
Corrupt practices are usually given some legal justification

CHARACTERISTICS
It involves deception.
In any form, it is a betrayal of the public trust.
It rests on a contradictory dual function.
It violates the duty and responsibility within the civic order.

Transparency International’s Corruption 2002 Perception Index (CPI):
Scale: 1 = Most Corrupt; 10 = Least
Philippines:
Best:
Worst:
CONTEXT
Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI):
Scale: 1 = Most Corrupt; 10 = Least
Philippines: 78 out of 102 (2.6)
Best: Finland
Worst: Bangladesh

THE PHIL . SETTING
Corruption in the Philippines is endemic and metastatic
Income side: Use of government power to extort money
Expenditure side: malversation of public funds

SOME DYNAMICS
It encourages corrupt high ranking officials to remain corrupt
At the lower level, it frustrates younger officials
The problem is so entrenched that it creates a vicious cycle with various nuances

GENERAL CAUSES
Absence/weakness of leadership
Weakness of religious influence
Colonialism
Lack of education
Poverty
Absence of punitive measures
Structure of government

CAUSES IN THE PHILS .
Historical Philippine political development
Patron-client political culture
Personalistic character of our politics
Political relationships as systems of exchange

Corruption’s costs are not limited to the direct costs involved in the corrupt transaction
More often than not, the costs are intangible and indirect, but no less destructive
COSTS TO THE PUBLIC

Rent-seeking behavior
Wasted resources
Weakness in government
Diminished government revenue
Legal ambiguity
Encouragement of criminality
Etc.
COSTS TO THE PUBLIC

FIGHTING CORRUPTION
Political Culture / Discourse
It is imperative to clearly define what corruption consists of
Economic Reform
A much more level economic playing field should reduce corruption
Anti-Corruption Campaigns

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Corruption in the Philippines

by brianbelen on Sep 05, 2010

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Corruption in the Philippines — Presentation Transcript