special education in context

"Special education is not an island. It is merely a
subsystem within the larger system of public education
--
Skrtic

values undertaking

basic terminology
Student
FIRST
language
Exceptionality
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

basic terminology
Disability

basic terminology
Handicap
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

basic terminology
Developmental Delay

basic terminology
At Risk
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

special education
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

medical vs. educational category
1) Autism 7) multiple disabilities
2) Deaf or blindness 8) orthopedic impairments
3) Developmental delays 9) other health impairments
4) Emotional disturbance 10) specific learning disabilities
5) Hearing impairments 11) speech/language impairments
6) Mental retardation 12) traumatic brain injury
13) visual impairments
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

quick facts
2x’s as many males than females
over-representation more each year (‘76)
autism
sped = 12% gen pop ages 6-17
3 out of 4 = ld or speech

wild boy of aveyron
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

wild boy of aveyron
1797
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

1800’s: normalization
first school : france & nyc
The Moral Treatment, Hygiene, and Education of Idiots and
Other Backward Children
individualized instruction
sequence educational tasks
stimulation of senses
arranged environment
reward correct performance
functional skills
educated to greatest extent
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

1800’s: normalization
work for the blind
Perkins institution & Ma asylum for the
blind
Ma school for idiotic children
We should be cautious about establishing such artificial communities...for any children
and youth; but more especially should we avoid them for those who have natural
infirmity...Such persons spring up sporadically in the community, and they should be kept
diffused among sound and normal persons...Surround insane and excitable persons with
sane people and ordinary influences; vicious children with virtuous people and virtuous
influences; blind children with those who see; mute children with those who speak; and
the like..."
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

1800’s: normalization
Hartford School for the Deaf
(American School for the Deaf)
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

early 19th century public schools
sporadic

post WWII
rapid expansion
1947-1972: 716% increase
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

Brown v. Board of Education

Brown v. Board of Education
“In these days, it is
doubtful that any
child may reasonably
be expected to succeed
in life if he is
denied the opportunity
of an education. Such
an opportunity, where
the state has
undertaken to provide
it, is a right that
must be available to
all on equal terms.”
- Chief Justice Earl Warren-
1954

federal mandate
Education of All Handicapped Children Act (1975)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990)
No Child Left Behind Act (2001)
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
(2004)
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

collaboration
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

chapter summary
terms
history
current trends
Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.

Presented by: Brent Daigle, Ph.D.