Developing Cocoa Applications with macRuby

Developing Cocoa Applications With MacRuby Brendan G. Lim @brendanlim brendan@intridea.comSaturday, February 5, 2011

Outline • Objective-C & Cocoa • RubyCocoa • MacRuby • Live Coding • HotCocoaSaturday, February 5, 2011

Objective -C • Object-oriented extensions to C • Strongly typed • Like Ruby, inﬂuenced by Smalltalk • Primarily used for Mac OS X and iOSSaturday, February 5, 2011

Cocoa • High-level API for Mac OS X • Set of frameworks • Includes FoundationKit, AppKit, etc. • Apps typically built using tools like XCode and Interface BuilderSaturday, February 5, 2011

Why make desktop apps?Saturday, February 5, 2011

Diﬀerent ParadigmSaturday, February 5, 2011

Mac App Store 1. Build MacRuby application 2. Submit to App Store 4. ProﬁtSaturday, February 5, 2011

Why Ruby instead of Objective-C?Saturday, February 5, 2011

Apple Loves Ruby 2002 Mac OS X 10.2 Ruby 1.6.7 2005 Mac OS X 10.4 Ruby 1.8.2 2007 Mac OS X 10.5 Ruby 1.8.6 RubyCocoa, RubyGems, Rails 2009 Mac OS X 10.6 Ruby 1.8.7 RubyCocoa, RubyGems, Rails 2011 Mac OS X 10.7 Ruby 1.9.x? MacRuby? RubyCocoa, RubyGems, RailsSaturday, February 5, 2011

Ruby vs Objective-C object.method(param) = [object method:param];Saturday, February 5, 2011

Ruby vs Objective-C array = [] = NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];Saturday, February 5, 2011

Ruby vs Objective-C “ string”.strip = [@“ string” stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet: [NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]]Saturday, February 5, 2011

Ruby vs Objective-C dictionary = {“key1” => “value1”, “key2” => “value2”} = NSArray *keys = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@”key1”,@”key2”]; NSArray *data = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@”value1”,@”value2”]; NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:objects forKeys:keys];Saturday, February 5, 2011

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RubyCocoa • Bridge between Objective-C and Ruby • Manipulate Objective-C objects using Ruby • Write Cocoa apps in Ruby • Runs on Ruby 1.8 • Ships with OSX LeopardSaturday, February 5, 2011

RubyCocoa vs Objective-C OSX::NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter.addObserver_selector_name_object( self, :window_moved, "NSWindowDidMoveNotification", nil ) = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self, selector:@selector(windowMoved:) name:”NSWindowDidMoveNotification” object:nil];Saturday, February 5, 2011

So, Why Not RubyCocoa? (besides it looking gross)Saturday, February 5, 2011

Why Not RubyCocoa? • It’s a bridge! • Two runtimes, GCs, etc. • Object conversions • Syntax doesn’t feel like idiomatic Ruby • It’s getting replacedSaturday, February 5, 2011

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MacRuby • Implementation of Ruby 1.9 that runs on top the Objective-C runtime • Open sourced and supported by Apple • Replacing RubyCocoa • Objects are peers with no translation layerSaturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby Object NSObject String NSMutableString Number NSNumber Array NSMutableArray Hash NSMutableDictionarySaturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby Objects Objective-C Classes Objective-C Methods Objective-CSaturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby >> s = “magicruby” => “magicruby” >> s.class => String >> s.class.ancestors => [String,NSMutableString,NSString,Comparable,NSObject,Kernel] >> s.upcase => “MAGICRUBY” >> s.uppercaseString => “MAGICRUBY”Saturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby >> NSString.new(“magicruby”) => “magicruby” >> NSString.stringWithString(“magicruby”) => “magicruby” >> NSString.alloc.initWithString(“magicruby”) => “magicruby”Saturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby >> a = [] => [] >> a.class => Array >> a.class.ancestors => [Array,NSMutableArray,NSArray,Enumerable,NSObject,Kernel] >> a << “MagicRuby” => [“MagicRuby”]Saturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby vs Objective-C -(id) tableView:(NSTableView *)tableView objectValueForColumn:(NSTableColumn *)column row:(int)rowIndex { .. }Saturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby vs Objective-C -(id) tableView:(NSTableView *)tableView objectValueForColumn:(NSTableColumn *)column row:(int)rowIndex { .. } def tableView(tableView objectValueForColumn:column row:rowIndex) endSaturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby vs Objective-C Interface Builder Outlets & Actions !Saturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby vs Objective-C Interface Builder Outlets # Interface NSString *myString; @property(nonatomic,retain) IBOutlet NSString *myString; = attr_accessor :myStringSaturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby vs Objective-C Interface Builder Actions # Implementation -(IBAction) myAction:(id)sender { ... } = def myAction(sender) ... endSaturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby - Gem Support • sudo macgem install awesome_gem • Not all gems supported right nowSaturday, February 5, 2011

MacRuby - Objective-C Frameworks & Libraries • Libraries must have garbage collection support • Libraries must be turned into bundles • Frameworks can easily be includedSaturday, February 5, 2011

Testing MacRuby • Any Ruby testing framework instantly becomes an Objective-C testing framework • Test::Unit • RSpec • etc...Saturday, February 5, 2011

What tools will we be using?Saturday, February 5, 2011

XcodeSaturday, February 5, 2011

Interface BuilderSaturday, February 5, 2011

InstrumentsSaturday, February 5, 2011

Let’s build a MacRuby appSaturday, February 5, 2011

HotCocoa • Created by Rich Kilmer • Ruby layer that sits on top of Cocoa, etc. • Use Ruby to easily create user interfaces • Used to be included with MacRuby • Now available as a gemSaturday, February 5, 2011

HotCocoa win = NSWindow.alloc.initWithContentRect([10,20,300,300], styleMask: (NSTitleWindowMask | NSCloseableWindowMask | NSMiniatureizableWindowMask | NSResizeableWindowMask) = win = window :frame => [10,20,300,300]Saturday, February 5, 2011

HotCocoa sudo macgem install hotcocoa hotcocoa NAME_OF_APPSaturday, February 5, 2011

Hello World in HotCocoa require ‘hotcocoa’ class Application include HotCocoa def start application :name => "Hello" do |app| app.delegate = self window :frame => [500,500,200,100], :title => "Hello" do |win| win << label(:text => "Hello World",:layout => {:start => false}) win.will_close { exit } end end end end Application.new.startSaturday, February 5, 2011

Questions? MacRuby in Action http://manning.com/lim http://macruby.org http://bit.ly/macruby-getting-started http://bit.ly/macruby-examples http://bit.ly/tdd-macrubySaturday, February 5, 2011

Developing Cocoa Applications with macRuby

by Brendan Lim

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