& concept explained easily

1. 1
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IPv4
IP ADDRESSING

2. 2© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
10.10.10.10
What is this ?
Just Set of numbers; IP address
without network mask is just set of
numbers.

3. 3© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
10.10.10.10 /24
IP add is a 4Octate, 4byte, 32bit address
10 . 10 . 10 . 10
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

4. 4© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
2414 5262
Area Code Subscriber No.
10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
N/W Bits Host Bits

5. 5© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
N/W Bits
N/W add – 10 . 10 . 10 . 0 / 24
Host add– 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24

6. 6© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
210. 10 . 10 . 10 / 8
What is N/W add?
What is Host add?

7. 7© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
DECIMAL to BINARY CONVERSION
I I I I I I I I
04 3 1257 6
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

8. 8© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION
I I I I I I I I
10 - 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
130 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
255 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9. 9© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0000000
255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Prefix Mask
Subnet Mask

10. 10© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
CLASS OF ADDRESS
CLASS A
CLASS B
CLASS C
CLASS D
CLASS E
1 – 126 255.0.0.0 /8 2
128 – 191 255.255.0.0 /16 2
192 – 223 255.255.255.0 /24 2
224 – 239 /1 - /32
240 – 255 /1 - /32
24
16
8
Public
IP ADD
Distribution
purpose
Multicast
purpose
Research
purpose
Subnet
Mask
Prefix
Mask
Hosts Per
Subnet
127 – Universal Loopback
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

11. 11© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
Hosts Per Bit
I I I I I I I I
15 4 2368 7
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

12. 12© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
How will you read this
130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 16
Class B address with default mask of 16 bits
130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
Class B address with Subnet mask of 24 bits
If mask is more then given mask it is called subnet
130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 8
Class B address with Supernet mask of 8 bits
If mask is less then given mask it is called supernet

13. 13© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
US
BLR
BKC
16.0.0.0 /8

14. 14© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
BKC
VashiAndheri
MS NP
12
Users
24
Users 28
Users
30
Users
16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24

15. 15© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
Bits to mask
116 8 2432128 64
I I I I I I I I++ + + + + +

16. 16© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
BKC
VashiAndheri
MS NP
12
Users
24
Users 28
Users
30
Users
16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
16.20.20.1/27
16.20.20.2/27
16.20.20.34/27
16.20.20.33/27
16.20.20.66/27
16.20.20.65/27
16.20.20.98/27
16.20.20.97/27
16.20.20.226/27
16.20.20.225/27
16.20.20.194/27
16.20.20.193/2716.20.20.161/27
16.20.20.162/27
16.20.20.130/27
16.20.20.129/27

17. 17© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
BKC
VashiAndheri
MS NP
12
Users
24
Users 28
Users
30
Users
16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
16.20.20.1/30
16.20.20.2/30
16.20.20.5/30
16.20.20.6/30
16.20.20.9/30
16.20.20.10/30
16.20.20.13/30
16.20.20.14/30
16.20.20.226/27
16.20.20.225/27
16.20.20.194/27
16.20.20.193/2716.20.20.161/27
16.20.20.162/27
16.20.20.130/27
16.20.20.129/27

18. 18© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 /24
Requirement : - I need 4 networks ; IP subnet
zero is not allowed
Q1) what is the first Valid host address
Q2) What is the 2nd
last broadcast address

19. 19© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 /24
Requirement : - I need 6 host add
Q1) what is the first Valid host address
Q2) What is the 2nd
last broadcast address

20. 20© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
0 /27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 /27 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
32 /27 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
63 /27 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
64 /27 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
95 /27 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
I I I I I I I I

21. 21© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 0 . 0 /16
Requirement : - I need 1000 host add
Q1) what is the first Valid host address
Q2) What is the 2nd
last broadcast address

22. 22© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 0 . 0 /16
Requirement : - I need 500 N/W Add
Q1) what is the first Valid host address
Q2) What is the 2nd
last broadcast address

23. 23© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
GIVEN: 16 . 0 . 0 . 0 /8
Requirement : - I need 4096 N/W Add
Q1) what is the first Valid host address
Q2) What is the 2nd
last broadcast address

24. 24© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential
16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
I I I I I I I I
N/W Bits

25. 25© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Session Number
Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential