Urban Transport Issues and Solutions in Kathmandu
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Urban transport in Kathmandu Valley faces several problems due to rapid population growth and urban sprawl, including inefficient public transportation, increased vehicle ownership, lack of safety measures, and environmental issues. Mitigating measures propose both conventional infrastructure expansion and more sustainable approaches like prioritizing public transit, enhancing non-motorized transport, implementing land use plans, and improving transportation system management through reducing and shifting trips. Long term solutions require sustainable approaches rather than just conventional infrastructure development.
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Urban Transport Issues and Solutions in Kathmandu
- 1. URBAN TRANSPORT IN KATHMANDU VALLEY: PROBLEMS AND MITIGATING MEASURES By: Er. Bishnu Prasad Devkota
- 2. Outlines of Presentation • Urban Transport in Kathmandu – An Introduction – Problems – Mitigating Measures • Conclusion • References
- 3. An Introduction Ref: July 2004, IGES (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies)
- 4. Problems • Urban Sprawl and Rapid Population Growth Expansion of Built-up Area in Kathmandu Valley Land Use Change in Kathmandu Valley (Source : MoPIT/JICA, 2012
- 5. Problems Cont… • Urban Sprawl and Rapid Population Growth – 3% of total land in 1967 6,000,000 – 25% of total land in 2011 (Ref: IGES) 5,000,000 4,000,000 Population of Kathmandu Valley – Population 0.4 millions (1967) 3,000,000 – 5.1 millions (2011) (Ref: CBS) 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Population year Ref: UN, World Urbanization Prospects
- 6. Problems Cont… • Rapid Growth of Vehicle Ownership – Till fy-2012/13 = 7 lakh vehicles – 92% were private vehicles – 80 % were motorbikes
- 7. Problems Cont… • Less Space for Non-Motorized Transport – Large part of walking and cycling has been replaced by motorbikes (MoPIT/JICA, 2012) By: Devkota, B.P., @New Road, Kathmandu, August-2014
- 8. Problems Cont… • In-efficient and Un-reliable Public Transport – 2.5% of total vehicle fleet 27.6% of travel mode share – lower occupancy vehicles about 94% – PT drivers practice reckless driving (CEN/CANN) – More and more people are shifting from riding PT to cars and motorbikes.
- 9. Problems Cont… • Lack of Proper Road Safety Measures – In Kathmandu Valley No. of Deaths on road accidents (Kathmandu) • 5000 road accidents • 150 fatalities • 400 serious injuries • 3300 minor injuries (Ref: Metropolitan Traffic Police Division, Kathmandu-2068/69) 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 049/050 050/051 051/052 052/053 053/054 054/055 055/056 056/057 057/058 058/059 059/060 060/061 061/062 062/063 063/064 064/065 065/066 066/067 067/068
- 10. Problems Cont… • Air Quality and Environmental Issues – Transport sector contributing about 63% of PM10. – Air pollution is responsible for 1600 premature death in Kathmandu Valley (MoEST 2005) – Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) has been steadily increasing (CEN/ENPHO, 2003)
- 11. Problems Cont… • Lack of Coordination Among Institutions involved in road Munici-palities DoR NTA DoWSS NEA DoTM Poor Coordindation Poor Coordindation Poor Coordindation Poor Coordindation By: Devkota B.P., Kupandole-Sanepa Road Link, Feb,2014
- 12. Problems Cont… • Lack of Long-Term Vision and Plan – 20-years plan not updated
- 13. Mitigating Measures • Conventional Approach – Infrastructure Development • Sustainable Approach – Integrated Public Transportation (PT)with priority over all other modes of the road – Enhancement of Non Motorized Transport (NMT) – Land Use Plan – Road Safety Measures – Transportation System Management (TSM)
- 14. Mitigating Measures Cont… • Conventional Approach – Expansion of existing roads Hence, – Design and construction of new roads No long term solution? Is this the long term solution? We Need, Sustainable Approach as Long Term Solution
- 15. Mitigating Measures Cont… • Enhancement of NMT – Sufficient space of side walk for pedestrians – Integrated cycle lane
- 16. Mitigating Measures Cont… • Integrated, Prioritized and Efficient Public Transportation – Restructuring of public transport system – Development of integrated mass transit system – Enforcement of regulations and standards
- 17. Mitigating Measures Cont… • The Push and Pull Approach Ref: KSUT
- 18. Mitigating Measures Cont… • Improve Road Safety – 4-Es • Engineering • Enforcement • Emergency Response • Education • Land Use Plan – Promoting Public Space – Road route planning Ref: KSUT
- 19. Mitigating Measures Cont… • Transport System Management (TSM) – Trip generation – Trip distribution – Modal split – Trip assignment AVOID • Reducing the need to travel • Transport as derived demand SHIFT • Changing mode choice • Mass transit IMPROVE • Increasing the energy efficiency of vehicles • Efficient Transport operations
- 20. Conclusions • Conventional approach of infrastructure would comply as short term solution • Sustainable approach of transportation system management would comply as long term solution
- 21. References • JICA Urban Road Development in Kathmandu Valley 1993 • Urban Transport Planning by Meyer M.D. and Miller E.J. • Population Census 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics’ (CBS) • Publications of GIZ SUTP Project, www.supt.org • Ted Talk, www.ted.com • Global Status Report-2009, WHO • Lectures notes on transportation system engineering, by prof. Tom V. Mathew • Publications from Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), july 2004 • World Bank Publications • United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects