Web2.0 features in integrated search systems

Digital Libraries à la Carte
International Ticer School 2009
Tilburg University
31 July, 2009
Web2.0 features in integratedsearchsystems
Benoit PAUWELSUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Brussels

Agenda
What is Web2.0?
Web2.0 in VuFind
Amazon reviews
DI-fusion: mashup with ULB Libraries blog
Social bookmarking with “ShareThis”
Contextual Web2.0 services

What is Web2.0?
Web1.0
Static web pages
Web1.5
Dynamic web pages, data coming from databases
Web2.0
Short answer: reference to a group of technologies: blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, podcasts, …
Long answer: economics, technology and new ideas about the connected society
Ergonomic, rich, mashed-up user interfaces
Interaction between end users / a more socially connected web
Collaboration, contribution, community
Web2.0 is NOT
a bunch of new web technologies
a new version of the Web

What is Web2.0?
“If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all along. And, in fact, you know, this ‘Web2.0’, it means using the standards which have been produced by all these people working on Web1.0.”
- Tim Berners Lee
Web2.0 is about creating new web-based services and applications using (practically) identical technologies as those that were put in place at the birth of the Web

What is Web2.0?
O’Reilly – What is Web 2.0

What is Web2.0?
2.0: a buzzword ?
Media 2.0
Law 2.0
Advertising 2.0
Democracy 2.0
Identity 2.0
Library 2.0
use of “2.0” technologies (blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, etc…)
Go to where the users are, rather than force then to come to us
Give users opportunities to contribute
OPAC 2.0
Villes 2.0
Learning 2.0
Search&Find 2.0
…

What is Web2.0?
Recommended reading
Anderson, Paul. 2007. What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education. JISC Technology and Standards Watch. Feb. 2007. Available online at: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf

What is Web2.0?
Commentary and comments
Personalization and My Profiles
Podcasting and MP3 files
Streaming Media –audio and video
User-drivenReviews
Rankings & User-driven Ratings
Instant Messaging and Virtual Reference
Photos (e.g. Flickr, Picasa)
SociallyDriven Content
Social Bookmarking
RSS –really simple syndication
Wikis
New Programming Tools: AJAX, API
Blogs and blogging
RecommenderFunctionality
PersonalizedAlert
Web Services
Folksonomies, Tagging and Tag Clouds
Social Networking
Open access, Open Source, Open Content
Screencasting

Web2.0 in VuFind
Faceted search experience
Holding information and availability
Tagging / Comments
Local knowledge base; restricted to community known to administrator of VuFind instance
Social bookmarking
Using “ShareThis”
Data mash-ups
Book item reviews
Book cover pages
RSS syndication
For every search query

Faceted search experience

ILS specific ‘drivers’ for holding information and availability status
Voyager, Aleph, III, SirsiDynix , Koha, Evergreen

Social features: tagging, comments

Social bookmarks

Data mashups:
book covers: Amazon, Syndetic, Google Books
book item reviews: Amazon, Syndetic

RSS feed per search query

Web2.0 in VuFind – Amazon review
API request
http://webservices.amazon.com/onca/xml/
?Service=AWSECommerceService
&SubscriptionId=yyyy
&Operation=ItemLookup
&ResponseGroup=Reviews
&ItemId=0415235243
XML responsecontainsreview(s) for book with ISBN « 0415235243 »
VuFind PHP code analyzesthis XML, extracts the review(s) and presentsit in suitable XHTML

….
<Item> <ASIN>0415235243</ASIN><CustomerReviews> <AverageRating>4.0</AverageRating> <TotalReviews>4</TotalReviews> <TotalReviewPages>1</TotalReviewPages><Review> <ASIN>0415235243</ASIN><Rating>5</Rating> <HelpfulVotes>3</HelpfulVotes> <CustomerId>A1SGKLIBZ4L8FX</CustomerId> <TotalVotes>5</TotalVotes> <Date>2006-06-21</Date><Summary>
An Impressive Volume With Critical Essays on Naturalism From a Diverse Field of Scholars
</Summary><Content>
This impressive volume contains critical essays on naturalism from the perspectives of theology, ethics, cosmology, ontology, and epistemology. Various Discovery Fellows make contributions including Robert C. Koons, J.P. Moreland, William Lane Craig, and William Dembski. Koons begins by noting that there is a simple correlation between existence and the requirement of some non-natural first cause. He observes an irony that science thinks it requires naturalism, when our very ability to practice science, due to the orderly, reliable, and predictable behavior of the universe implies a non-natural intelligent cause. Scientific dependence upon naturalism is self-refuting. Moreland's quotes Plato to reveal that there really is nothing new under the sun: scholars have been debating naturalism for millennia, and naturalists have been ever pugnacious in their insistence that mutual co-existence is not an option. Moreland recounts that
the great philosopher wrote in Sophist: "They [naturalists] define reality as the same thing as body, and as soon as one of the opposite party asserts that anything without a body is real, they are utterly contemptuous and will not listen to another word. ...
On this issue an interminable battle is always going on between the two camps." Yet the battle may eventually be over if the cosmological data presented by William Lane Craig has anything to do with it. Craig recounts the history of cosmology from when where scholars celebrated an eternal universe with no beginning or end, to one where the universe either has a "supernatural cause" or "one must say that the universe simply sprang into being out of nothing" (Big Bang cosmology mandates an expanding universe that is finite in both space and time.). Craig recounts the words of one team of scientists: "The problem of the origin [of the universe] involves a certain metaphysical aspect which
may be either appealing or revolting." WilliamDembski closes the volume by arguing that naturalism is no more supported
by the scientific data in biology than it is supported in cosmology. Irreducible complexity in nature disallows the possibility that life arose via
naturalistic mechanisms. It also signifies an intelligent cause that scientists cannot deny any longer.
</Content></Review>
…..
</CustomerReviews>
</item>
</Items></ItemLookupResponse>

Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup
DI-fusion @ ULB homepage contains 5 most recent blog entries of Blogus operandi
Blogus operandi:
http://blogusoperandi.blogspot.com/
blog entries available as RSS feed
Create mxml file (FlexBuilder – Adobe)
AJAX request for RSS blog entries
Control number of entries to show, layout, etc…
Compile with mxmlc into a flash document
Insert HTML <object> element in homepage, loading the flash document

<mx:Applicationxmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" …>
<mx:HTTPService id="feedRequest"
url="http://feeds.feedburner.com/BlogusOperandi?format=xml" …/>
<mx:Panel id="centerPannel" width="260" … title="{feedRequest.lastResult.rss.channel.title}">
<mx:DataGriddataProvider="{feedRequest.lastResult.rss.channel.item}" …> <mx:columns><mx:DataGridColumnheaderText="Derniers billets sur le blog" dataField="title"/> </mx:columns>
</mx:DataGrid
</mx:Panel >
</mx:Application>

Web2.0 in VuFind – ShareThis
Insert following JavaScript at an appropriate location
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://w.sharethis.com/widget/
?tabs=web%2Cemail
&charset=utf-8
&services=reddit%2Cfacebook%2Cdigg%2Cdelicious
%2Cstumbleupon%2Ctechnorati%2Cgoogle_bmarks
%2Cyahoo_myweb%2Cmagnolia%2Cfurl
&style=default
&publisher=cab05d36-ae42-46db-8dbd-199aea87c990
&linkfg=%230066cc">
</script>

Integrate Web2.0 in portal
Synchronous/asynchronous Web2.0 services
AJAX: “Asynchronous JavaScript and XML”
Each Web2.0 service comes with its own API
API Request
(XML) Response
Process of data mashup
Portal sends HTTP request to Web2.0 service, including some metadata of the object
Some (simple) XML is sent back from the Web2.0 service to the portal
The portal analyzes the XML and presents the information in an “ergonomic” way

Integrate Web2.0 in portal
VuFind
Catalog
CatalogHoldingAndAvail(ISBN)
XML - Catalog
AmazonReviews(ISBN)
Amazon
Reviews
XML – Amazon reviews
Local comment KB
LocalComments(LocalID)
PHP construct
Facebook
BookmarkOnFacebook(title,permalink)

Portal is in full control of which Web2.0 services are delivered to end user. This does not necessarily correspond to what the end user wants:
Against the idea of Web2.0 (« power to the people »)
Someexamples:
Holdings & availability: view holdings of my library
Tagging: create and view tags from a specific disciplinary KB
Social bookmarking: on specific platforms
Institution policy favors Facebook
Group of experts use specific platform for peer-to-peer communication
Desire to “social bookmark” on same platform, irrespective of which portal used
Comments, reviews: language dependent
Portal specific
EgBICTel: show biography of director of ethesis

www.listio.com/web20
www.econsultant.com/web2

Metadata of object + contextwithinwhichthisobjectisuseddetermineswhich Web2.0 services shouldbepresented to end user
Contextdeterminedthrough:
Institutional settings
Personal settings
Set in the portal
Derivedfromsome KB
Existing standard and technology
Express metadata + context: OpenURL ContextObject
(Z39.88 -- http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-88-2004/)
OpenURL Resolver

OpenURL ContextObject: 6 Entities
The object:
Referent
The context:
ServiceType
Requester
Referrer
ReferringEntity
Resolver
Each of the entitescanbedescribedthrough
identitifer(s)
metadata, according to registered XML schema
private data

VuFind
Catalog
CatalogHoldingAndAvail(ISBN)
XML - Catalog
AmazonReviews(ISBN)
Amazon
Reviews
XML – Amazon reviews
Local comment KB
LocalComments(LocalID)
PHP construct
Facebook
BookmarkOnFacebook(title,permalink)

CO
{H&A;ISBN}
VuFind
OpenURL resolver
API1
MyCatalog
XML?
XML1
CO
{Revs;ISBN}
API2
Amazon
Reviews
XML?
XML2
NuclearPhysics
comment KB
CO
{Comms;ISBN}
API3
XML?
XML3
CO
{Bkmark;t,pl}
KB
XML?

Portal
OpenURL resolver
MyCatalog
API1
XML1
CO
{H&A,Revs,Comms,BkMark;
t,pl,isbn}
Amazon
Reviews
API2
XML2
XML?
NuclearPhysics
comment KB
API3
XML3
KB

APIx, XMLx
Knowledge of API’s and returned XML must beavailable in the OpenURL resolver
OpenURL resolveranalyzes, transforms and merges « XMLx » responsesinto one « XML? »
XML?
Proposal: express Web2.0 services for an object as a ContextObject
Aim: registered OFI Community Profile
Name: OXO - Open Contextual Services for Objects
0.2 draftspecifications
collaborative effort: TU-NL, TUD-NL, UGent-BE, ULB-BE, VUB-BE
http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~bpauwels/OXO/oxo.docx

OXO
Metadata format for a referent - expressing services
Possibilities:
Service
type
info:ofi/svc:holdings
info:ofi/svc:review
info:ofi/svc:comment
...
description (short, long)
Instance of a service
description (short, long, full)
full description:
text | external
transaction:
description (short, long)
action: text | url
<svc>
<type authority="info:ofi/svc">holding
<shortDescription>Paper holdings
<longDescription>…
<svcInstance>
<fullDescription>
<text>SILO-NB – P.052403 | ONSITE ONLY
| 1(1897)-7(1903) ; 9(1905)-
<external> <format>info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:iso20775
<iso:holdings>…</iso:holdings>
<transaction>
<action type="text">
Fill out form at circulation desk

OXO: Amazon review
<svc>
<type authority="info:ofi/svc">review
<shortDescription>Reviews
<svcInstance>
<shortDescription>Supplied by Amazon
<fullDescription>
<text>
This impressive volume contains critical essays on naturalism from the perspectives of theology, ethics, cosmology, ontology, and epistemology. Various Discovery Fellows make contributions including Robert C. Koons, J.P. Moreland, William Lane Craig, and William Dembski
…
<transaction>
<action type="url“>http://amazon.com/dp/0415235243

OXO: social bookmarking
<svc>
<type authority="info:ofi/svc">bookmark
<shortDescription>Social bookmarking
<svcInstance>
<fullDescription>
<text>Sharethis on Facebook
<transaction>
<action type="url">
http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fbibliography.library.villanova.edu%2FRecord%2F4591&t=Aiding%20and%20opposing%20mixed-convection%20heat%20transfer%20in%20a%20vertical%20tube

Web2.0 features in integrated search systems

by Benoit Pauwels on Aug 03, 2009

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