Carbon Nanotubes Powerpoint

nSpring
H20 &Co.
Carbon Nanotube Membranes

Introduction
3.4Billion
One third of world’s population has water shortages, and this is expected to double by 2025

Introduction (cont.)
H₂O & Co. has developed a more cost efficient way to remove chemicals and infectious agents from water.

Carbon nanotubes
Small rolled sheets of graphite, as strong as steel
Lattice pattern
Less than one nm
Single-walled (SWNT) and multi-walled (MWNT)

Membrane Composition
Electrochemical etchingerodes metalsand forms a porous layer in the Silicon. Iron oxide is placed on top.
It is exposed to C2H4 (ethene) at high temperatures. The tubes grow verticallyand tightly. Exposure timedetermines the length ofthe nanotube.
Silicon Nitride is addedbetween gaps to stabilize.

How it Works
Negativecarboxylicsdraw water through the tube.
Ions cannot fit throughthe 1 nm tubes
At .93 nm in diameter,95% of ions are filtered out of water
Up to 100 times faster

How it Works (cont.)
Also filters out bacteria and viruses
When passed through a nanotube, infectious agents will be trapped and unable to pass through to the other side.

Finance
SWNTs: $95 per gram
MWNTs: $15 per gram
Composite: $35 per gram
2-3 year life span
Cost 2-7 cents per day in use
Average of 2 cents less expensive than other filters
$7.30 cheaper per year
$25 per membrane
(“Water Filtration Comparisons & Reviews” 3)

Finance (cont.)
(“Water Filtration Comparisons & Reviews” 3)

Finance (cont.)
Global market for nanofiltration membranes: CAGR 26.1%
Water treatment sector: CAGR 27.4%
More regulations protecting environment

Finance (cont.)
Rent
Building – $10,000 a month
Equipment – $20,000 a month
Materials - $3,000 a month
Miscellaneous - $1,000 a month
Other
Accounting - $10,000
Employees (8) - $25,000 every six months
Total (6 Months) = $414,000

Conclusion
Provides clean, desalinated, water.
Filters out bacteria and viruses
Cheaper price.
In demand
Faster filtration

Works Cited
Ahalya, N., T. V. Ramachandra, and R. D. Kanamadi. "Biosorption of Heavy Metals." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 7.4 (2003). Energy and Wetlands Research. Centre for Ecological Sciences. Web. 1 Dec. 2009. <http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/water/paper/biosorption/biosorption.htm>.
Ball, Philip. "Nanoplumbing: More than Just a Pipe Dream." New Scientist 19 Jan. 2009. Print.
Bischoff, Brian L. "Membranes and Their Uses." Inorganic Membrane Technology Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 9 Oct. 2002. Web. 20 Dec. 2009. http://www.inorganicmembranes.info/uses.html.
Curtis, Rick. "OA Guide to Water Purification." Princeton, Mar. 1998. Web. <http://www.princeton.edu/~oa/manual/water.shtml>.
Gagliardi, Margareth. "Nanotechnology." BBC Research. BBC, Sept. 2007. Web. 15 Dec. 2009. <http://www.bccresearch.com/report/NAN045A.html>.
Kalaugher, Liz. "Carbon Nanotube Membrane Filters Fast." Nanotechweb.org. IOP Publishing, 18 May 2006. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. <http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/tech/24922>.
Kaul, Steven. "Nanofiltration." Tahan. University of Wisconson-Madison, 2005. Web. 22 Dec. 2009. <http://www.tahan.com/charlie/nanosociety/course201/nanos/SK.pdf>.
"Morphology of the Sphagnopsida." University of California Museum of Paleontology. Berkeley Natural History Museums, 1994. Web.
Olsen, Stefanie. "Nanotubes Squeeze Salt From Water." CNET News. CNET News, 22 May 2006. Web. 23 Dec. 2009. <http://news.cnet.com/Nanotubes-squeeze-salt-from-water/2100-11395_3-6075309.html>.
Srivastava, A., O. N. Srivastava, S. Talapatra, R. Vajtai, and P. M. Ajayan. "Carbon Nanotube Filters." Nature Materials 3 (2004): 610-14. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. <http://www.cs.duke.edu/brd/Teaching/Bio/asmb/Papers/NMR/Residual-dipolar-coupling/scNMR/nmat1192.pdf>.
Stark, Anne M. "Nanotube Memranes Offer Possibility of Cheaper Desalination." Lawrence River National Laboratory Public Affairs. 17 Oct. 2007. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. <https://publicaffairs.llnl.gov/news/news_releases/2006/NR-06-05-06.html>.
"Water Filter Comparisons & Reviews." Water Filter Comparisons - Compare Top Rated Water Filters. Web. 06 May 2010. <http://www.waterfiltercomparisons.com/water_filter_comparison.php>.

Carbon Nanotubes Powerpoint

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