1. Android
Course
Amira Elsayed Ismail

2. Agenda
• Why Learn Android?
• Prerequisites.
• Android History.
• What is Android?
• Android Architecture.
2

3. Why Learn Android?
• Run your applications on 59% of the smartphones
worldwide (Jul - 2012).
• Join in 600,000 applications for android (Jul - 2012).
• Not just smartphone, Android OS is being used in,
TVs, Microwaves, Car Tapes. Etc…
• High job success rates.
• Create app sell to market very easily.

5. Prerequisites
• Object-oriented programming.
• You must understand terms like (Class, Instance,
Method, Superclass and Subclass).
• Installation of Eclipse IDE & Android SDK Tools.
• Install all SDKs preferably (2.1, 2.2 & 4.x).
• An android device. (Optional but highly
recommended).

6. Android History
• Started by Android Inc. in 2005, which had
been financed by Google.
• In 2007 Google bought Android Inc.
• Android beta was released in Nov 2007.
• Android v1.0 was released in Sep 2008.
• Latest android version is 4.4 (Kitkat).

9. What is Android?
 Android is an operating system for mobile
devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers.
 Android has beaten Apple iOS, being the
leading mobile operating system from first
quarter of 2011

10. Android Architecture
 Android system is composed of following
items:
 Linux Kernel.
 Libraries.
 Applications Framework.
 Applications.

12. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Linux Kernel
 Its customized Linux kernel with a lot more
android specific code to support devices.
 One of the kernel's main function is to
control hardware.

13. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 Webkit
 Modern web browser engine used in both
web view as well as native browser.
 Support CSS, Java script, DOM, Ajax etc.

14. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 Media framework
 PacketVideo, openCORE platform.
 Support Audio, Video, Still-frame formats.

15. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 SQLite
 Self-contained.
 Serverless.
 Zero-configuration.
 SQL Database.

16. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 OpenGL|ES(openGL for EmbeddedSystems)
 Standard specification for 2D/3D graphics.
 Can simulate physics.
 Complex 3D scenes can be drawn.
 Used in (Virtual reality, Augmented reality,
Game programming, Scientific visualization and
Flight simulation).

17. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 Surface Manager
 Manages access to display subsystem.
 Seamlessly composites graphic layers 2D/3D
layers from different applications.

18. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 SGL (Skia graphic library)
 An underlying 2D graphics engine.
 Used to draw text, geometries & images.

19. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
 Cryptographic protocol to provide
information security over internet.

20. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 FreeType
 Bitmap and vector font rendering.

21. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Android Runtime
 Dalvik Virtual Machine
 Provides application portability and runtime
consistency.
 Runs optimized file format (.dex) and Dalvik
bytecode.

23. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Android Runtime
 Core Libraries
 Data structures
 File Access
 Graphics
 Network Access
 Utilities

24. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Activity Manager
 Interact with overall activities running in the
system.
 Manage lifecycle of activities.
 Manage stacking of activities.

26. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Window Manager
 Dispatch input events to clients.
 Transition animation.
 Create layout/surfaces (using
SurfaceManager).

27. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Content Providers
 Manage access to structured access of data.
 Mainly used for data sharing purposes.

29. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 View System
 Basic building block for UI components.
 Can be extended to build custom UI
components.

30. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Package Manager
 Provides methods for querying and
manipulating installed packages.

31. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Telephony Manager
 Provides access to telephony services on
android.
 Can monitor telephone state changes.

32. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Location Manager
 Provide access to system location services.
 Able to track location periodically or one-
time.

33. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Resource Manager
 Link external resources to native app at build
time.
 Resources may include XML Layouts, Bitmaps,
raw files etc.

34. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Notification Manager
 Notify users about events.