I CAN DO IT ALL BY MYSELF: : Exploring new roles for libraries and mediating technologies in addressing the DIY mindset of library patrons

I CAN DO IT ALL BY MYSELF : Exploring new roles for libraries and mediating technologies in addressing the DIY mindset of library patrons American Library Association Annual Conference. Anaheim, CA. 2012. Speakers: Bohyun Kim, Patrick T. Colegrove, Jason Clark.http://www.flickr.com/photos/marielamuse/7341089880/

I CAN DO IT ALL BY MYSELF – part I.: Exploring new roles for libraries and mediating technologies inaddressing the DIY mindset of library patronsBohyun Kim, Digital Access LibrarianFlorida International University Medical Libraryhttp://bohyunkim.net @bohyunkim (Twitter)http://www.slideshare.net/bohyunkim (Slides)American Library Association Annual Conference, Anaheim, CA. June 23, 2012.#ala12 #diy

Great Library of Alexandria - WikipediaLibraries,what has happened to them ?

Open stacks / browsing/circulation

Library catalog

DIY searching for end-userswas once radical…

DeLaMare Science and Engineering Library of Univ. of Nevada, Reno - FacebookLibrary spacechanged for collaboration

“Using the Self-Checkout machines” – Multinoma County Library (Flickr)Self-service for convenience

Open library metadata

Patrons,what has happened to them?

• Information consumers who are • Smarter • More empowered • More independent • More efficient • More trained • More dedicated • More impatient • More demandingWe are now…

What does that mean toacademic libraries?

• “According to the ARL statistics, the number of reference transactions went down by more than 50-60 % since 1995.” - Anderson, Rick. 2011. “The Crisis in Research Librarianship.” Journal of Academic Librarianship 37 (4): 289-290.Decreasingreference requests

Decreasing circulation

• “Unless current patterns change, by 2020 university libraries will no longer have circulation desks.” - Kurt, Will. 2012. “The End of Academic Library Circulation?” ACRL TechConnect. http://acrl.ala.org/techconnect/?p=233User behavior has changed

• Ask-an-expert sites (e.g., WikiAnswers) showed the largest five- year growth—136% increase. The frequency of use increased as well. The majority of college students who used these sites did so on an as- needed basis in 2005; now 30% search for answers at least monthly.• College students are asking experts for help; are they asking librarians? Our survey results indicate that only a few are using online librarian question services— 10% in 2010 vs. 8% in 2005. The number of academic libraries offering online reference services increased more than 10% from 2004 to 2008 (NCES). - OCLC Report - Perceptions of Libraries 2010, pp.52-54.Users prefer self-serviceeven in reference /research

• In the era of information scarcity • Information was hard to find, obtain, access.• This problem is solved by librarians‟ mediation. • Libraries identify, acquire, organize, and provide access to information. • Mediation by librarians was necessary for identifying and accessing hard-to-find information efficiently. • Great value was created by the mediation between library patrons and library staff.Old paradigm

Traditional library services are designed to solve information scarcity by mediation.

But now,information is abundant.And we are so much more capable informationconsumers with the Web.

• “You‟re pretty good at helping me, thanks, but I‟d really prefer to do more things by myself- and by the way, you don‟t make that very easy for me.” - Matthews, Brian. 2011. “Helping patrons help themselves,” Chronicle of Higher Education Blog Network. http://chronicle.com/blognetwork/theubiquitouslibrarian/2011/10/13 /are-we-in-the-diy-era-helping-patrons-help-themselves/DIY – Users’ mindset today

• Not unique to library use• Common phenomenon influenced by the automation of everyday service that we experience as a consumer.• WWW + Knowledge = DIY • Who knows more about how to best print your digital photo? You or the person at Walgreens photo service? • Can you file tax yourself rather than hiring an accountant? Yes, and it might be faster and more convenient!• The line between experts and hobbyists is becoming more and more blurry. • Example: Etsy, Flickr, Instagram, etc.DIY mindset - background

DIY Internet Radio Station

• Avoiding contact with the library staff unless necessary• Using an alternative to traditional library services• Giving up on time-consuming procedures• Prefers self-service• Practicing „Satisfice‟• Wanting to learn by doing, not by sitting and listening• Appreciation for tools that help them do the things that they want to do by themselves (e.g. LibX)DIY user behavior at libraries

• Self-checkout machines• Drive-through windows• Vending machines with books and DVDs• Self-registration for library cards• Self-scheduling group study room and computer use• Self-pickup of holds• Self-directed printing• Self-service course reserves management by faculty• Convenience and empowerment for patrons• Staff efficiency for librariesMoving in the right direction…

But our main message is unchanged.“Come to the Library !” “Talk to Librarians !”

• „Ask a Librarian‟• Reference desk• Classroom instruction• Literature search• Library workshop“ Let us help you.”(=Go through us/ gatekeeping)

• Attractions to draw more people to the library? • E-book readers, Starbucks, 3D printer…• Improve the library‟s physical space?• Create more contact opportunities online? • Ask a Librarian, Text a Librarian! • Embedded into the curriculum • Librarian presence in the LMS • More classroom instructionStill operatingin the old paradigm

• Help is less and less sought out where information is abundant. • “Can I just figure thist out by myself?” • ”Do I have time for this?” • “Is this something I must go through?” • “Can I do it later?” • “It sounds boring… ”Lukewarm responses …

• Interaction-oriented service is likely to to be received poorly because patrons are less likely to initiate it.• Librarians‟ mediation or assistance is often not necessary for library patrons identifying and accessing information.• And if any information system requires human mediation or instruction, that may well make a patron think that the system is inefficient.• Users expect efficient systems that allow them to serve themselves to meet their information needs. Kim (2011b).In spite of our best intentions

Why? Because now,what is precious and scarce is informationpeople’s time and attention.

• “I don‟t think education is about centralized instruction anymore; rather, it is the process establishing oneself as a node in a broad network of distributed creativity.” - Ito, Joichi. 2011. “In an Open-Source Society, Innovating by the Seat of our Pants.” The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/science/joichi-ito- innovating-by-the-seat-of-our-pants.html?_r=1Learning is changing…

Now: Mediate when & where?

Library as a warehousePassive help center (Kim, 2011a)

Be where people are.Be sought after; don’t run after. Photo from Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jamescridland/613445810/

Circulate books & journals. Look up things that are had to find. Help then when asked Teach them proper research resources & methods.Old paradigm: no longer relevant

Let’s show beautiful andawesome things instead. Photo from Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/10422334@N08/4548288966/

DeLaMare Science andEngineering Library of Univ.of Nevada, Reno- FacebookReal people are inside &outside the library space

Digestible bits of knowledge

Enrich everyone’sinformation ecosystem

Package info & dataas a meaningful connection

Transform information intomeaning & knowledge

• Part II (Tod): How can libraries respond to the changing user behavior and expectations to draw in and energize the users of the physical library space ?• Part III (Jason): How to leverage technology to create opportunities for mediation and dis- mediation opportunities that the library users online would welcome ?Examples: physical /virtual

Part II & Part III

• Anderson, Rick. 2011. “The Crisis in Research Librarianship.” Journal of Academic Librarianship 37 (4): 289-290.• Dempsey, Beth. 2010. "Do-It-Yourself Libraries." Library Journal 135, no. 12: 24-28.• Harvard Library Open Data, http://openmetadata.lib.harvard.edu/• Hoppenfeld, Jared, and Wendi Arant-Kasper. 2010. "Do-It-Yourself for Course Reserves: A Student-Driven Service in an Academic Library." Journal Of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserves 20, no. 5: 353-361.• Ito, Joichi. 2011. “In an Open-Source Society, Innovating by the Seat of our Pants.” The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/science/joichi-ito-innovating- by-the-seat-of-our-pants.html• Kim, Bohyun. 2011a. “Beyond the Middlemen and the Warehouse Business.” Library Hat. http://www.bohyunkim.net/blog/archives/1361References

• Kim, Bohyun. 2011b. “Research Librarianship in Crisis: Mediate When, Where, and How?” ACRLog. http://acrlog.org/2011/08/01/research-librarianship-in-crisis- mediate-when-where-and-how• Kurt, Will. 2012. “The End of Academic Library Circulation?” ACRL TechConnect. http://acrl.ala.org/techconnect/?p=233• Matthews, Brian. 2011. “Helping patrons help themselves,” Chronicle of Higher Education Blog Network. http://chronicle.com/blognetwork/theubiquitouslibrarian/2011/10/13 /are-we-in-the-diy-era-helping-patrons-help-themselves/• NYPL Lab, What‟s on the Menu? http://menus.nypl.org/• NYPL Lab, Direct Me NYC 1940. http://directme.nypl.org/• OCLC, 2010. OCLC Report - Perceptions of Libraries. http://www.oclc.org/reports/2010perceptions.htm• Gorae_bot in Twitter. http://twitter.com/gorae_botReferences (cont…)

I CAN DO IT ALL BY MYSELF – part II.Exploring new roles for libraries and mediating technologies inaddressing the DIY mindset of library patrons

This was the reality ofDeLaMare Library.

  We simply couldn’t afford the traditional approach.1Derived from reports generated June 2, 2012, using the CANID Interactive Reporting System on the University of Nevada, Reno, Institutional Analysis website at

Radical measures?

• “ ”••After two years:

Key: relocated staff offices 4.

Positioning staff to “bea node in their network” 5.

Views frommy desk on the 3 rd floor…

security device:Left behind: a microkitchen.

A coffee shop?

Fundamental: “ ”

’Create and leveragecontact opportunities.

Recent additions:Sparkfun Inventer kits

Recent additions:3D printers & scanner

Recent additions:button makers

•   •• •••• • • •Additional development:

A few of the guidelines6:

Draw in and energizeusers of the physical library. Image credit: rumpleteaser, “Kid in a Candy Store”, , licensed under creative commons Attribution2.0 Generic (CC BY). Retrieved June1, 2012, from http://www.flickr.com/photos/rumpleteaser/6062575030/sizes/l/in/photostream/

Added over 2,500 squarefeet of whiteboard walls.

Created semi-private collaboration areas.

A whiteboard wallcompetition on FaceBook?

“ ”Going deeper:communities of practice.

• • • • • • •Nurture them!

Give them somethingto talk to you about.

Could turn into atraditional library event…

or an outing onthe University Quad...

with several hundred studentsand faculty participating.

Rules of engagement:

Expressions ofHomelessness exhibit.

Pi day.

Rube-Goldbergmachine competition.

Locksport workshop.

“ ” “ ’ ” The key:

Okay, that’s great – forthe people who come in tothe library.What about everyone else?

I CAN DO IT ALL BY MYSELF – part III.Exploring new roles for libraries and mediating technologies inaddressing the DIY mindset of library patronsJason ClarkHead of Digital Access & Web ServicesMontana State University LibraryAmerican Library Association Annual Conference, Anaheim, CA. 2012

pinboard.in/u:jasonclark/t:ala2012-diypinboard.in tag for links

• What about users that don’t come into the building? • Libraries are passive • Users are active• Building engaging tools and online experiencesNew Paradigm

Traditional library services are designed to solve information scarcity by mediation.

• In economics, disintermediation is the removal of intermediaries in a supply chain: "cutting out the middleman". • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DisintermediationDisintermediation

DIY – “Do It Yourself” Ian MacKaye, Punk Rocker and DIY Patron Saint

DIY – “Do It Yourself”

• “…recorded their own music, produced albums and merchandise, distributed their works and often performed basement shows in residential homes rather than at traditional venues to secure freedom in performance.” • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIY_ethicDIY – “Do It Yourself”

• DIY as part of Internet Culture • Make Magazine • makezine.com • Skillshare • www.skillshare.com • We work in a medium that facilitates DIYDIY and the Internet

DIY Libraries

What about apps and tools that create and support DIY behavior?

• WikiAnswers • wiki.answers.com• Direct Me NYC: 1940 • directme.nypl.org• Whats on the Menu? • menus.nypl.org• Patron Driven Acquisition • scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2011/05/31/what-patron- driven-acquisition-pda-does-and-doesnt-mean-an-faqCrowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing

• The Student Research Pad (draft) • www.stephenfrancoeur.com/digitalreference/2012/04/02/the- student-research-pad/ • Surfacing scholarly community activity • www.lib.montana.edu/resources/popular.php • realtime.easybib.com • Mendeley, Academia.edu, Zotero, scholr.lyResearch & Citation Management

Research & Citation Management

• University of Michigan Library Bookmarklets • www.lib.umich.edu/mlibrary-labs • LibX toolbar • libx.org • NCSU QuickSearch (metasearch results) • www.lib.ncsu.edu/search/?q=laser • www.lib.ncsu.edu/search/about.htmlExtending Search

Extending Search

Converting traditional services?What are the new "app" opportunities?

• twitterbots, chatbots, statbots • Chatbot - University of Nebraska Library • dx.doi.org/10.1108/07378831211213238 • Statbot - Florida State University Library • journal.code4lib.org/articles/85(new) Ready Reference

(new) Ready Reference

• Gimme (Scottsdale Public Library) • gimme.scottsdalelibrary.org • BookMeUp • www.lib.montana.edu/beta/bookme(new) Reader’s Advisory

(new) Reader’s Advisory

• Data mining social media • andyburkhardt.com/2010/02/12/ambient- awareness-in-twitter-for-reference • andyburkhardt.com/2012/04/25/puppies-in-the- library-and-social-media(new) Outreach

(new) Outreach

• Range Science Information System (RSIS) • rangescience.info • Experts creating a digital "bookshelf"(new) Digital Collections

(new) Digital Collections

• Patron Driven Acquisition • scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2011/05/31/wha t-patron-driven-acquisition-pda-does-and- doesnt-mean-an-faq(new) Collection Development

(new) Collection Development

• Sorting databases based on popularity (clickthrough analytics) • www.lib.montana.edu/resources/popular.ph p(new) Content Selection

(new) Content Selection

• Real-time Instruction • bit.ly/zA9DCf • americanlibrariesmagazine.org/columns/pra ctice/guide-side • "Guide on the Side", a tutorial created for JSTOR by University of Arizona librarians(new) Instruction

(new) Instruction

• New job duties, New staffing models • Realignment of personnel • Look for public service + tech service collaborations • This is a great opportunity! • We all have some role to play; it just might be a new role.Takeaways & Next Steps

Takeaways & Next Steps

• Bookmarklets • www.lib.montana.edu/~jason/files/bookmark lets• AskREF • www.lib.montana.edu/~jason/files/question- point• BookMeUp • www.lib.montana.edu/~jason/files.phpCode Samples

Twitter Hashtag #diyQuestions?

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http://lonewolflibrarian.wordpress.com	82
https://twitter.com	70
http://www.librariansquared.com	64
http://feeds.feedburner.com	41
http://www.librarycamp.co.uk	22
http://us-w1.rockmelt.com	7
https://si0.twimg.com	5
http://www.linkedin.com	4
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I CAN DO IT ALL BY MYSELF: : Exploring new roles for libraries and mediating technologies in addressing the DIY mindset of library patrons

by Bohyun Kim on Jun 20, 2012

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