Copyrights & Research Researchers Beware! Let’s Review Some Copyright Basics By Mr. Breitsprecher

Copyrights Apply Most things are copyrighted No need to register No need to identify with “ © ” or statement If in “tangible form,” copyrights apply Once created, saved, or put online, creator has copyrights

Most things are copyrighted

No need to register

No need to identify with “ © ” or statement

If in “tangible form,” copyrights apply

Once created, saved, or put online, creator has copyrights

Term “Copyrights” Copyrights means “right to copy” Protects how ideas are presented Does not protect the idea itself Facts cannot be copyrights

Copyrights means “right to copy”

Protects how ideas are presented

Does not protect the idea itself

Facts cannot be copyrights

Six Copyrights Reproduction Adaptation Distribution Public Performance Public Display Digital Audio Transmissions of Sound Recordings

Reproduction

Adaptation

Distribution

Public Performance

Public Display

Digital Audio Transmissions of Sound Recordings

Need Permission to… Reproduce Adapt Distribute Publicly perform Publicly display Digitally transmit audio sound recordings Unless the intended use falls under a special category called fair use

Reproduce

Adapt

Distribute

Publicly perform

Publicly display

Digitally transmit audio sound recordings

Reproduction Making copies Downloading from Web Printing Rewriting or recreating Photographing

Making copies

Downloading from Web

Printing

Rewriting or recreating

Photographing

Adaptation Modifications, alterations, use of another’s ideas Changing format, posting from a book to a Web Copying someone else’s HTML all

Modifications, alterations, use of another’s ideas

Changing format, posting from a book to a Web

Copying someone else’s HTML all

Distribution Owners controls how work is distributed Including electronic transmissions or posting on Web

Owners controls how work is distributed

Including electronic transmissions or posting on Web

Public Performance Right to perform in public covered by copyrights Digital broadcasts, other transmissions Live renditions

Right to perform in public covered by copyrights

Digital broadcasts, other transmissions

Live renditions

Public Display Owners control how work is shown to public Digital transmission considered public display

Owners control how work is shown to public

Digital transmission considered public display

Audio Transmission Copyright owners control how audio recordings are distributed Sending or downloading audio file over the Internet is a digital transmission.

Copyright owners control how audio recordings are distributed

Sending or downloading audio file over the Internet is a digital transmission.

Fair Use Can use copyrighted material if: Not commercial, Do not infringe on main copyrighted idea Will not affect potential market for original copyrighted work

Can use copyrighted material if:

Not commercial,

Do not infringe on main copyrighted idea

Will not affect potential market for original copyrighted work

4 “Fair Use” Factors Purpose or character of use Nature of original work Amount and substantiality of use Affect on potential market

Purpose or character of use

Nature of original work

Amount and substantiality of use

Affect on potential market

Copyright Notices Three parts: Copyright, Copr., or © The year first published Name of copyright holder Example: 2003 © Breitlinks Does not need notice to be protected by copyrights ©

Three parts:

Copyright, Copr., or ©

The year first published

Name of copyright holder

Example:

2003 © Breitlinks

Does not need notice to be protected by copyrights

Avoid Problems If in doubt, get written permission Read licenses for software, graphics, video, or audio Be careful with Web content Someone else’s violation does not mean everyone else can violate copyright Many copyright violations on the Web Find out who owns rights before using

If in doubt, get written permission

Read licenses for software, graphics, video, or audio

Be careful with Web content

Someone else’s violation does not mean everyone else can violate copyright

Many copyright violations on the Web

Find out who owns rights before using

Protect Yourself Use original material on websites Copyrights do not cover ideas, concepts, methods, facts, principles, discoveries. Cover the way these are explained Collect facts & ideas from several sources Multiple sources protects against charges of “adaptation” Get permission from photographer and the subject(s) before using pictures

Use original material on websites

Copyrights do not cover ideas, concepts, methods, facts, principles, discoveries.

Cover the way these are explained

Collect facts & ideas from several sources

Multiple sources protects against charges of “adaptation”

Get permission from photographer and the subject(s) before using pictures

Facts Not Copyrighted Only presentation of facts covered Links are facts, just like phone numbers – free to use Do not link to sites that violate copyrights Lists of links are covered by copyrights

Only presentation of facts covered

Links are facts, just like phone numbers – free to use

Do not link to sites that violate copyrights

Lists of links are covered by copyrights

If In Doubt, CHECK! US Copyright Office ( www.copyright.gov ) R.I.G.H.T.S. Redistribution of Graphics Has to Stop ( www.rightsforartists.com ) Stanford Copyright & Fair Use Center ( fairuse .stanford.edu ) Copyright Clearance Center ( www.copyright.com )

US Copyright Office ( www.copyright.gov )

R.I.G.H.T.S. Redistribution of Graphics Has to Stop ( www.rightsforartists.com )

Stanford Copyright & Fair Use Center ( fairuse .stanford.edu )

Copyright Clearance Center ( www.copyright.com )