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Chapter 15 Applying equilibrium  pp
15.1 The Common Ion Effect  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
15.2 Buffered solutions  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
pH of .50  M  HAc  & .25 M  NaAc   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adding a  strong  acid or base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Another way to think of it  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adding a  strong  acid or base to buffered soln  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adding a  strong  acid or base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adding a  strong  acid or base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What if there was no buffer?  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What if there was no buffer?  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
General equation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
This is called the Henderson-Hasselbach equation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Problem  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Another Sample Problem  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hints for doing the online HW   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hints for doing the online HW   pp ,[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s Prove They’re buffers  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s Prove They’re buffers  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s Prove They’re buffers   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s Prove They’re buffers  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s Prove They’re buffers  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
15.3 Buffer capacity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Buffer Capacity - Use “RIF” & H-H method for these ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Buffer capacity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Buffer capacity ,[object Object],[object Object]
15.4 Titrations & pH Curves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strong acid with Strong Base   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strong acid with Strong Base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strong acid with Strong Base   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strong acid with Strong Base   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strong acid with Strong Base   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strong acid with Strong Base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],pH mL of Base added 7
Weak  acid with Strong base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak  acid with Strong base   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak acid with Strong base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak acid with Strong base   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak acid with Strong base   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak acid with Strong base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak acid with Strong base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak acid with Strong base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak acid with Strong base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak acid with Strong base  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diprotic Acid  pp ,[object Object],[object Object]
Diprotic Acid   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diprotic Acid   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Titration Curves
[object Object],[object Object],pH mL of Base added 7
Titration Curve:  Strong Acid & Strong Base ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
pH mL of Base added >7 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Titration Curve for Weak Acid & Strong Base Over what pH range does the titrated solution suddenly change from high [H 3 O 1+ ] to high [OH 1- ]? About 6.5 to 11 What’s pH when 0.067 mol NaOH added? pH = 5 What’s [H 3 O 1+ ]? [H 3 O 1+ ] = 1 x 10 -5   M Best Indicator (p. 756 & next slide)? o -Cresolphthalein or Phenolphthalein.
Useful pH ranges for several common indicators. p .  715
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Titration ,[object Object],[object Object]
pH mL of Base added 7 ,[object Object],[object Object]
pH mL of Base added <7 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Summary - titrating  acids   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary - titrating  bases   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
15.5 Acid/Base Indicators ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 15.8 p. 756:  The Useful pH Ranges for Several Common Indicators
Color Ranges of Various Indicators Used in Titrations Why are different indicators used for SA-SB, SA-WB, or WA-SB titrations? Each type of titration has a different end point. Is it better to use an indicator with a color change over a wide or narrow pH range.  Why? Narrow pH range since gives better approximation of the end point.
pH Scale Relationships If [H 3 O 1+ ] of “x” is 10 x greater than another with pH 3, what is pH of “x”? pH = 2 If [OH 1- ] of “y” is 1000 x greater than pure water’s, what is pH of “y”? pH = 10 Is hand soap more or less basic than baking soda? More basic.
Figure 15.9 p. 757 The pH Curve for the Titration of 100.0 mL of 0.10  M  HCI with 0.10  M  NaOH Which is the better indicator? Neither, since their ranges are not close to the equivalence (end) point.
Figure 15.10 p. 757 The pH Curve for the Titration of 50 mL of 0.1  M  HC 2 H 3 O 2  with 0.1  M  NaOH Choose the best indicator between the two . . . Phenolphthalein
Indicators  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indicators  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
15.6 Solubility Equilibria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Solubility Equilibria
General equation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Watch out ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating  K sp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating Solubility  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating Ksp  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating Solubility  from K sp  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculating Solubility from K sp  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Relative solubilities  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Relative solubilities  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common Ion Effect  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common Ion Effect  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common Ion Effect  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
pH and solubility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
pH and Solubility  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
15.7 Precipitation & Qualitative Analysis  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Precipitation & Qualitative Analysis  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Precipitation & Qualitative Analysis  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Precipitation & Qualitative Analysis  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Precipitation & Qualitative Analysis  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Precipitation & Qualitative Analysis  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Precipitation & Qualitative Analysis  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selective Precipitation  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selective Precipitations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selective Precipitation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Z5e p. 771 Fig 15.11 Precipitation by H 2 S
Selective precipitation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Z5e Fig 15.12 p771 Selective Precipitation of Common Ions
Z5e p. 779 Fig. 15.13 Separation of Gr 1 Ions
15.8 Complex Ion Equilibria  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The addition of each ligand has its own equilibrium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metal Ion Surrounded by Water Molecules
Complex Ion Problem  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complex Ion Problem cont.  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strategies to dissolve a water-insoluble solid  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Ch15 z5e aq. equil

  • 1. Chapter 15 Applying equilibrium pp
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  • 52. Titration Curve for Weak Acid & Strong Base Over what pH range does the titrated solution suddenly change from high [H 3 O 1+ ] to high [OH 1- ]? About 6.5 to 11 What’s pH when 0.067 mol NaOH added? pH = 5 What’s [H 3 O 1+ ]? [H 3 O 1+ ] = 1 x 10 -5 M Best Indicator (p. 756 & next slide)? o -Cresolphthalein or Phenolphthalein.
  • 53. Useful pH ranges for several common indicators. p . 715
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  • 60. Figure 15.8 p. 756: The Useful pH Ranges for Several Common Indicators
  • 61. Color Ranges of Various Indicators Used in Titrations Why are different indicators used for SA-SB, SA-WB, or WA-SB titrations? Each type of titration has a different end point. Is it better to use an indicator with a color change over a wide or narrow pH range. Why? Narrow pH range since gives better approximation of the end point.
  • 62. pH Scale Relationships If [H 3 O 1+ ] of “x” is 10 x greater than another with pH 3, what is pH of “x”? pH = 2 If [OH 1- ] of “y” is 1000 x greater than pure water’s, what is pH of “y”? pH = 10 Is hand soap more or less basic than baking soda? More basic.
  • 63. Figure 15.9 p. 757 The pH Curve for the Titration of 100.0 mL of 0.10 M HCI with 0.10 M NaOH Which is the better indicator? Neither, since their ranges are not close to the equivalence (end) point.
  • 64. Figure 15.10 p. 757 The pH Curve for the Titration of 50 mL of 0.1 M HC 2 H 3 O 2 with 0.1 M NaOH Choose the best indicator between the two . . . Phenolphthalein
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  • 93. Z5e p. 771 Fig 15.11 Precipitation by H 2 S
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  • 95. Z5e Fig 15.12 p771 Selective Precipitation of Common Ions
  • 96. Z5e p. 779 Fig. 15.13 Separation of Gr 1 Ions
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  • 99. Metal Ion Surrounded by Water Molecules
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