Organization & Leadership By: S. Nabi Total Quality Management

Organization & Leadership

Overview Organization for Quality Quality culture & Leadership Motivation & Commitment

Organization for Quality

Quality culture & Leadership

Motivation & Commitment

Organization for Quality Total quality management (TQM) Quality principles are an integral part of organization’s strategic objectives. Applying them to all aspects of operations. Committing to continuous improvement. Striving to meet customers’ needs by doing things right the first time.

Total quality management (TQM)

Quality principles are an integral part of organization’s strategic objectives.

Applying them to all aspects of operations.

Committing to continuous improvement.

Striving to meet customers’ needs by doing things right the first time.

Cont…. Quality and continuous improvement W. Edwards Deming emphasized: Constant innovation. Use of Statistical methods. Training in the fundamentals of quality assurance. Continuous improvement Seeking ways to improve on current performance. Quality circles A small group of workers who meet regularly to discuss ways of improving quality.

Quality and continuous improvement

W. Edwards Deming emphasized:

Constant innovation.

Use of Statistical methods.

Training in the fundamentals of quality assurance.

Continuous improvement

Seeking ways to improve on current performance.

Quality circles

A small group of workers who meet regularly to discuss ways of improving quality.

Cont…. Quality and manufacturing technology: Lean production Uses new technologies to streamline systems. Flexible manufacturing Processes can be changed quickly to produce different products or modifications of existing ones. Agile manufacturing/mass customization Permits quick production of individualized products.

Quality and manufacturing technology:

Lean production

Uses new technologies to streamline systems.

Flexible manufacturing

Processes can be changed quickly to produce different products or modifications of existing ones.

Agile manufacturing/mass customization

Permits quick production of individualized products.

Cont…. Quality and product design: A good design has eye appeal and is easy to manufacture with productivity. Design for manufacturing emphasizes lower production costs and high-quality results. Design for disassembly involves taking into account how components will be recycled.

Quality and product design:

A good design has eye appeal and is easy to manufacture with productivity.

Design for manufacturing emphasizes lower production costs and high-quality results.

Design for disassembly involves taking into account how components will be recycled.

Organizational Culture Organizational culture is the system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members.

Organizational culture is the system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members.

Levels of organizational culture observable culture and core culture.

Organizational Culture Diagnostic questions for assessing cultural differences: How tight or loose is the structure? Are decisions change oriented or driven by the status quo? What outcomes or results are most highly valued? What is the climate for risk taking, innovation? How widespread is empowerment, worker involvement? What is the competitive style, internal and external?

Diagnostic questions for assessing cultural differences:

How tight or loose is the structure?

Are decisions change oriented or driven by the status quo?

What outcomes or results are most highly valued?

What is the climate for risk taking, innovation?

How widespread is empowerment, worker involvement?

What is the competitive style, internal and external?

Cont… Strong cultures: Commit members to do things that are in the best interests of the organization. Discourage dysfunctional work behavior. Encourage functional work behavior. The best organizations have strong cultures that: Are performance-oriented. Emphasize teamwork. Allow for risk taking. Encourage innovation. Value the well being of people.

Strong cultures:

Commit members to do things that are in the best interests of the organization.

Discourage dysfunctional work behavior.

Encourage functional work behavior.

The best organizations have strong cultures that:

Are performance-oriented.

Emphasize teamwork.

Allow for risk taking.

Encourage innovation.

Value the well being of people.

Cont… What is observable culture? What one sees and hears when walking around an organization. Elements of observable culture: Stories Heroes Rites and rituals Symbols

What is observable culture?

What one sees and hears when walking around an organization.

Elements of observable culture:

Stories

Heroes

Rites and rituals

Symbols

Cont… What is the core culture? Underlying assumptions and beliefs that influence behavior and contribute to the observable culture. Core culture and values: Strong cultures have a small but enduring set of core values. Commitment to core values is a key to long-term success.

What is the core culture?

Underlying assumptions and beliefs that influence behavior and contribute to the observable culture.

Core culture and values:

Strong cultures have a small but enduring set of core values.

Commitment to core values is a key to long-term success.

Cont… Important cultural values include: Performance excellence Innovation Social responsibility Integrity Worker involvement Customer service Teamwork

Important cultural values include:

Performance excellence

Innovation

Social responsibility

Integrity

Worker involvement

Customer service

Teamwork

Cont… Value-based management: Describes managers who actively help to develop, communicate, and enact shared values. Criteria for evaluating core values: Relevance Integrity Pervasiveness Strength

Value-based management:

Describes managers who actively help to develop, communicate, and enact shared values.

Criteria for evaluating core values:

Relevance

Integrity

Pervasiveness

Strength

Cont… Symbolic leadership Symbolic leaders use symbols well to establish and maintain a desired organizational culture. Symbolic leaders behave in ways that espouse organization’s values. Symbolic leaders: Use language metaphors. Highlight and dramatize core values and observable culture. Use rites and rituals to glorify performance.

Symbolic leadership

Symbolic leaders use symbols well to establish and maintain a desired organizational culture.

Symbolic leaders behave in ways that espouse organization’s values.

Symbolic leaders:

Use language metaphors.

Highlight and dramatize core values and observable culture.

Use rites and rituals to glorify performance.

Leadership Premise: 21st century organizations are ripe for a new model of leadership – how it is viewed, practiced, and developed Organizational Drivers Teams as the primary work unit Boundaryless organizations and horizontal coordination Workforce diversity Focus on customer responsiveness Advent of “learning organizations”

Premise: 21st century organizations are ripe for a new model of leadership – how it is viewed, practiced, and developed

Organizational Drivers

Teams as the primary work unit

Boundaryless organizations and horizontal coordination

Workforce diversity

Focus on customer responsiveness

Advent of “learning organizations”

Emerging Characteristic of New Model for Leadership Reciprocal Relationship of People Working Together Initiated by interaction of people rather than by an individual Shared Meaning Making Joint interpretation of experiences Synthesis of all partial observation Social or group process Spawned from the diverse collective wisdom of individuals working together Cont…

Emerging Characteristic of New Model for Leadership

Reciprocal Relationship of People Working Together

Initiated by interaction of people rather than by an individual

Shared Meaning Making

Joint interpretation of experiences

Synthesis of all partial observation

Social or group process

Spawned from the diverse collective wisdom of individuals working together

Premise: Team leadership is distinct from a leader-led team. Team leadership is based on the concept of “team”, while the leader-led team is based on “teamwork.” Basic Principles of “Team Leadership” Jointly create a meaningful purpose Shared leadership Mutual accountability Collective work products Performance goals set and assessed collectively Work approach shaped and enforced by members Cont…

Premise: Team leadership is distinct from a leader-led team. Team leadership is based on the concept of “team”, while the leader-led team is based on “teamwork.”

Basic Principles of “Team Leadership”

Jointly create a meaningful purpose

Shared leadership

Mutual accountability

Collective work products

Performance goals set and assessed collectively

Work approach shaped and enforced by members

Basic Principles of a “Leader-led” Team Purpose directed by organizational mission Strong clearly focused leader Individual accountability Individual work products Performance goals set and assessed by leader Work approach directed by leader Cont…

Basic Principles of a “Leader-led” Team

Purpose directed by organizational mission

Strong clearly focused leader

Individual accountability

Individual work products

Performance goals set and assessed by leader

Work approach directed by leader

Deploying “ Team Leadership’’ or “Leader-led Team ” Premise: The use of “team leadership” versus “leader-led team” is determined by the performance challenge to be addressed. “ Team Leadership” is best suited when: – Focus is on strategic not operational results – Real-time collaboration is required – Integration of multiple skills and perspective is necessary – Time frame for producing results is long-term – Performance affects entire organization’s success – Cross-organizational participation is needed

Premise: The use of “team leadership” versus “leader-led team” is determined by the performance challenge to be addressed.

“ Team Leadership” is best suited when:

– Focus is on strategic not operational results

– Real-time collaboration is required

– Integration of multiple skills and perspective is necessary

– Time frame for producing results is long-term

– Performance affects entire organization’s success

– Cross-organizational participation is needed

Cont… “ Leader-led team” is best suited when: – Performance challenge is operational in nature – Work can be delivered through the sum of individual contributions – Performance results require short time frame – Performance narrowly affects organization’s success – Cross organizational participation is not required

“ Leader-led team” is best suited when:

– Performance challenge is operational in nature

– Work can be delivered through the sum of individual contributions

– Performance results require short time frame

– Performance narrowly affects organization’s success

– Cross organizational participation is not required

Team Leadership Premise: High performing organizations in the future will achieve success through team leadership more than through individual leadership Attributes Mutual trust Constructive conflict Shared commitment Joint accountability Focus on results

Premise: High performing organizations in the future will achieve success through team leadership more than through individual leadership

Attributes

Mutual trust

Constructive conflict

Shared commitment

Joint accountability

Focus on results

Practices Challenging the Process Willingness to take risk Exploring new alternatives Learning from mistakes Support team members in these efforts Inspiring Shared Vision Common understanding of purpose Aligning team efforts with organization’s goals Using values to guide action Cont…

Practices

Challenging the Process

Willingness to take risk

Exploring new alternatives

Learning from mistakes

Support team members in these efforts

Inspiring Shared Vision

Common understanding of purpose

Aligning team efforts with organization’s goals

Using values to guide action

Enabling Others to Act Playing active role in setting goals and planning projects Setting cooperative objectives Sharing information and keeping each other informed Demonstrating mutual respect for one another Modeling the Way Translating shared values into action Mutual accountability Influencing by example Creating small “wins” Cont…

Enabling Others to Act

Playing active role in setting goals and planning projects

Setting cooperative objectives

Sharing information and keeping each other informed

Demonstrating mutual respect for one another

Modeling the Way

Translating shared values into action

Mutual accountability

Influencing by example

Creating small “wins”

Encouraging the Heart Emotionally connected to the team Timely feedback Pride in team accomplishments Celebrating together Contributions Legacy of leadership excellence - quality Legacy of future leaders - continuity Legacy of organizational growth - sustainability Cont…

Encouraging the Heart

Emotionally connected to the team

Timely feedback

Pride in team accomplishments

Celebrating together

Contributions

Legacy of leadership excellence - quality

Legacy of future leaders - continuity

Legacy of organizational growth - sustainability

Leadership Development Premise: A new model of leadership requires a new way of thinking about leadership development Develop capacity to engage in context of interdependence Focusing on collective ability of people to interrelate – Taking responsibility individually and with others

Premise: A new model of leadership requires a new way of thinking about leadership development

Develop capacity to engage in context of interdependence

Focusing on collective ability of people to interrelate

– Taking responsibility individually and with others

Develop People in Context Interactions with people influence who you are Leadership arises in the joint actions of individuals Leadership is about taking part, not taking charge Understand the nature of interrelating, its forms, and effectiveness Quality leadership is dependent upon the vitality of interrelating Cont…

Develop People in Context

Interactions with people influence who you are

Leadership arises in the joint actions of individuals

Leadership is about taking part, not taking charge

Understand the nature of interrelating, its forms, and effectiveness

Quality leadership is dependent upon the vitality of interrelating

Cont… Develop Leadership Capacity of Teams Improve the quality of interrelating among people engaged in interdependent work Strengthen collective contributions as the sum total of all interaction of people Enhance ability to resolve conflict constructively Expand capability to engage in quantum thinking

Develop Leadership Capacity of Teams

Improve the quality of interrelating among people engaged in interdependent work

Strengthen collective contributions as the sum total of

all interaction of people

Enhance ability to resolve conflict constructively

Expand capability to engage in quantum thinking

Leadership : What Does It Mean & How Do You Get It? Open Discussion and Questions