1. Chapter 13 Endocrine System PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10 th edition , edited by S.C. Wache for Biol2064.01

2. You are responsible for the following figures and topics: Fig. 13.3 - Location of major endocrine glands. Fig. 13.9, 13.12, 13.13 – hypothalamus; pituitary gland. Fig. 13.4 - What are hormones ? Fig. 13.5, 13.7 - chemical structure predicts their mechanism of action. Fig. 13.11 - function of hormones is to keep balance / homeostasis. Read TB, p. 477. [see also: Fig. 13.16] Fig. 13.15 - Stimulation of anterior pituitary hormones by the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus. Read TB, p. 485, on thyroid gland. Fig. 13.18 - describe the location of the thyroid gland. Fig. 13.20 - describe 2 of the three thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. Tab. 13.7 - all 3 thyroid hormones: T3, T4, Calcitonin. Fig. 13.27 - PTH-parathyroid hormone Refer back to Ch.7 where we discussed osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Fig. 13.24 - Describe the structure, location and number of parathyroid glands. Figs. 13.21, 13.22, 13.23 - Define ' cretinism', 'hyperthyroidism' , 'goiter' Fig. 13.28 - Adrenal gland. Tab. 13.11 - Name the hormones and their function !!! Fig. 13.30 - Hormones released by the adrenal medulla. TB, p.492. Fig. 13.31 - Control of aldosterone, a mineralo-corticoid. Fig. 13.33 - Control of cortisol, a gluco-corticoid. Read TB, p.496, on the pancreas. Fig. 13.34 - Describe the location of the pancreas. Tab. 13.12 - Describe the function of glucagon. Clinical Application 13.4 - IDDM Read TB, p.498, pineal gland. TB, p.500 - other hormones of interest.

6. Fig. 13.4c

7. Fig. 13.4d Note the di-sulfide bridge

12. Fig. 13.5

14. Fig. 13.6

17. Fig. 13.7

18. Control of Hormone Secretion: Fig. 13.9 Hypothalamus

25. Fig. 13.15 GH Note : The pancreas is controlled differently.

29. Note: The trachea are anterior to the esophagus !!! Fig.13.24

31. Fig.13.26 Stimulated by PTH

32. Fig. 13.27

33. Adrenal Gland Kidney The adrenal gland cortex secretes the corticoids by endocrine secretion: mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), and steroidal corticoids (testosterone/estrogen precursors). The medulla secretes: catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine). The kidney secretes: renin and erythropoetin.

35. Fig. 13.30

38. Fig.13.33

41. Fig. 13.34

45. Tab. 13.13

48. C. Parathyroid Hormone Imbalances: Table 13.9, p.490. D. Growth Hormone Imbalances : Clinical Application 13.2, p.482. 1. Pituitary Dwarfism = hyposecretion of GH during growth years. a. slow bone growth & closing of epiphyseal plates before normal height is reached; b. Treatment = oral GH therapy. 2. Pituitary giantism = hypersecretion of GH during growth years. a. abnormal increase in the length of long bones. 3. Acromegaly = hypersecretion of GH during adulthood. a. Bones of hands, feet, cheeks, and jaw thicken; b. Soft tissues also grow. E. ADH Imbalances: Green box, p.484. 1. Diabetes insipidus = hyposecretion of ADH. a. diuresis, dehydration, thirst; b. Treatment: ADH in nasal spray.

49. F. Adrenal Cortical Hormone Imbalances: C linical Application 13.3,p 496. 1. Addison's Disease = hyposecretion of AC hormones due to autoimmunity or disease Symptoms: mental lethargy, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, K+, Na+, BP, dehydration, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, skin pigmentation. 2. Cushing's Syndrome = hypersecretion of AC hormones due to pituitary tumor or steroid administration. Symptoms: redistribution of fat, thin limbs due to wasting of muscles (i.e. protein catabolism), "moon face", "buffalo hump", "beer belly", stretch marks, bruises, poor wound healing, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, hypertension, susceptibility to infection, resistance to stress, mood swings. Usual cause: administration of steroids (i.e. prednisone) for transplant patients, asthma, and chronic inflammatory disorders. G. Pineal Gland/ Melatonin Imbalances: TB, p. 498.