Plagas que amenazan a las palmas en Puerto Rico – Dr. José C. Rodrigues

Plagas que amenazan a las palmas en Puerto rico Jose Carlos V. Rodrigues [email_address] Casa Abierta UPR EEA CID Rio Piedras 2:10-2:50PM April 30’2010

Acknowledgment
Aixa Ramirez (DAPR)
Alejandro Segarra (UPR)

The generalist Needed: a New generation of problem solvers John W. MCarthur Jeffrey Sachs The Chronicle Jun/2009

The Big Fish Eat the Small Ones by Peter Brueghel the Elder ( 1556 ).

Adult coconut palm showing “drought syndrome” Humacao/PR Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

Coconut palm

Coconut damage by Raoiella

Introduction
Background information
The red palm mite (prey)
Phytoseiid (predator)
Predator-prey relationship
Population dynamics
Remarks

Background information
 Coconuts, bananas and several species of ornamental palms are important components of the nut, fruit and ornamental industries.
Palms and bananas are an important part of the aesthetic scenario integral to the multi-billion dollar tourist industries
 Puerto Rico has a unique banana and palm germoplasm.
 Puerto Rico has a diverse environment, which will allow for natural experiments, i.e. observations of the pest in a range of ecological settings: from sea level to up 1000 meter altitude and climates with 30 to 160 inches of annual precipitation.

Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

Feeding behavior ----->>>> Stomatal conductance Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

Stomatal conductance Mite - feeding behavior 21 days after infestation 1 mite/ cm2 Mite’s stylets Guard cells stomata mmol/cm2.s

Does the reduction on conductance associated with RPM feeding damage is affecting plant grown? 3 months after treatment Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

“ Coconut palm” Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

Red palm mite damage - Luquillo and Dorado/PR Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

Pruning

Coconut and banana

Damage in plantain by Raoiella

Red palm mite damage in banana Loiza/PR Example 1. Raoiella indica - red palm mite

Number of Raoiella indica mites on the second youngest expanded leaf of different Musa spp. hybrids. Data are averaged for ten replicates. Significance p<0.05. T3 = 3months post infestation

Status of Raoiella - Caribbean 2007 Florida (Nov) (Oct) 2009 Brazil (Roraima) 2007 2008 (May)

October 2006 - First detection in Puerto Rico and Culebra January 2008 (Source Aphis)

Photographer of bison hides; JR Douglass; 1874 Prey- predator relationships

Prey-predator relationships A - Amblyseius largoensis (Muma), B - Mitochondrial DNA COI fragment, ( C ) Raoiella indica DNA sequence __ 400pb A B C

Raoiella indica vs. Amblyseius largoensis Sampling Unit 10 leaflets/plant ETOH 80% FAO

Total number of arthropods collected 07/08 Average of 10 leaflets/plant Raoiella indica Amblyseius largoensis Thrips Others N 20 km

Credits: USDA/ARS

Chemical composition of mite’s drops NMR GC-MS

Example 2. Palms’ dieback

Example 2. Palms’ dieback Lethal Yellowing symptoms PCR and Nested PCR detection 1.4Kb

Real Palm

Example 2. Palms’ dieback Insects PCR and Nested PCR detection

Remarks
Prevention
Detection/Etiology
Dynamics & interactions
Management
Process & Products

New Quarantine and Invasive Species Center for Excellence Jardin Botánico Sur, Río Piedras Agricultural Experiment Station Welcome / Bienvenidos Jose Carlos V. Rodrigues [email_address]

Birds at Real Palm

Acknowledgment
BNDES
CAPES
CRB
CBA
CENA/USP
CNPq
CREC/IFAS
DPI, Florida
DAPR
PRDNR
EMBRAPA
FAPESP
FAPEAM
Fundecitrus
IAC - CCSM
INPA
UN/FAO
NSF
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service
USDA APHIS CPHST
USDA NIFA
USDA ARS
Univ of Florida
Univ de São Paulo
Univ do Estado do Amazonas
Univ of Puerto Rico
Univ of California
Petrobras

2011 APS-CD & ESA-SEB join meeting March 19-22 San Juan, PR

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Plagas que amenazan a las palmas en Puerto Rico – Dr. José C. Rodrigues

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Plagas que amenazan a las palmas en Puerto Rico – Dr. José C. Rodrigues Presentation Transcript