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·M·               …………………..…….………




         ……………………………………..……………5
        20        30      …………………..……23




                       ………………….………..….36
              ………………………….….…………..47
              …………………………………………61
                                     …73
 1795            ………………….………………..82
             .…………………………………………...92
             ……………………………………….….110
                  ……………………..…………119




                       …………………………..…140
                  …………………………….….145


        …………………………………………………....162
             ……………………….…………………...175
                   2
……………………………….………….191
              ……………………………………..205
                      ……..…….….…………214
                     ….………………….………222




                ……………….….……………235
                     ……………….…………….250
                ………………..………………263




1.    …………………………………………..……….…..275
2.    …………………..……………………….……….….281
3.        .………………………………….…….……283
4.                       ...……….………….284
5.     ………………………………………….…………285
6.                      ……….……….…….286
7.                     ……………….……....292
8.         …………………………………………….298
9.          ………………………………………….307
10.                    ………………...………309
11.                         .………………311
12.                   ………………………….315


      …………………………………………..…………….
      …………………………………………………………
                 3
4
19


19




         19




     5
19




    20




6
100




    19
1815     1914


                           18
                                60       80                          19
                         1870   1871




                    19
                                                   Duc d’Angouleme


           Magyar




         Holy Alliance                        19
                                                              Sherifian
Empire


                                     7
19




                                 city-states


                                      1648
Munster and West-phalia treaty
                                  8
75                                      Utrecht Treaty




                               19




                                                         18
         ·       ·


     1815


               Metternich
       Gentz




                                                  1846
                                                              1
1871



1
       R·J·Sontag       1871   1932              1933
                                    9
*
             the Concert of Europe




                                                    *
                                                        1875




                                        1877~1878




                             1831
    1855                      1867

*
           the Concert of Europe



*
    1815     1898
                                   10
1856
                                            1878




                              1852   1863
        1851   1856




    *




*


                         11
haute
finance
          19

           2




                                  19        20




2         H. Feis   1870   1914


                                       12
Rothschilds




                   50




              13
1870




       14
1870



    3
                                   1905 1906




        1914   6




                                               4




3
               201
4
                 264
                       15
power finance




                1871   1914




                 16
1875
         1876                1878
                       36
1881                 Decree Muharrem
                            Dette Ottomane




                17
18
5
                1752




                               50




           18                       19


                                    19
                                         20




5
    A·S·        Hershey                  565   569       1927


                          19
1816   1846
30




     19




          20
1861    1890
                      20




                1863 1870                          1878




                      70        1846        1879

           6




90




                              1904

6
    F·            Eulenburg
     209      1929
                                       21
19




22
20             30

                                30




     19             1914 1918




     1900
          23
1914




                 League of Nations




                                     16
            19




20




                            19




            24
·




                                          JP
NM                                   19


19                              10


 10
      1914


      30                         10




                   30


                  1917   1920




             25
20




           1789




     30




      19
10           1940




                    20
                                   20




                         26
1848   1866          1871


1925                      1938
       1930




       27
*
                                                          19
                                              ·   ·
    ·           ·                      ·
                                   ·




                                                      ·


            ·
                                                           90




*
        ·   David Ricardo   1772       1823


                                  28
1927




1929




            1933




        International Labor Office




       29
19
30
31
19
                            30




                       19




elan vital




             32
19




               19




     19
50




                     20




          33
19




34
35
36
18




          19




               Tudor




     37
15




                 17




1607




            38
1




     1490                      1640
                                                                  Kett’s
Rebellion
              Lord Protector Somerset 1st




    100




          Strafford 1st           Laud




          1642     1648
                                            Stuart
     19


                                                      H. de B. Gibbins


1
          R.H. Tawney     16                         1912
                                      39
2


        A. D. Innes



                      3




                                  4


    Heckscher   Eli Filip



                      5




                              ·        John Hales




2
          H. de B. Gibbins            1895
3
          A. D. Innes                     1932
4
            J. Gairdner                         2   1918
5
            E. F. Heckscher           104    1935
                              40
41
Common
      *
Law




*


          42
150




      43
19




          18




     44
6




6
    Clapham J. H.        3
                    45
46
19




19




                   ·




               ·


                       100




     47
19                         ·
                       *
    Herbert Spencer
                                                  50
    ·   ·             Ludwig von Mises                 ·            Walter
Lippmann


                           ·
                                                           ·




                                19
    ·




*
        ·     ·                    John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl   1782
1845                           1830 1834
                                  48
1776




             ·




1100




       49
·    Max Weber




50
Western Melanesian




    1
        reciprocity and redistribution
        Trobriand

1
                269


                         51
symmetry and
centricity




             52
Kula




53
Kula ring




            10




                 54
Kwakiutl




           55
56
householding
oeconomia




            57
Delos




Jowett




         58
Greco-Roman




16




     19




                        59
1
         19




          2




1
                    274
2
    Hawtrey G. R.              13   1925



                          60
19




19
     61
internal
or national market




                                     3



3
              Thurnwald R. C.            147   1932


                                62
Dieri


         Yantruwunta
800




Pengwe            Kpelle




         63
4




4
        Pirenne, H.                 148   1925   12
    ·      Henry Pirenne
                               64
Tikopia
                5
     Uta                              18




5
    Firth, R.            347   1939
                    65
contain*




        *




                               6




*
    contain
*
          Chaga
6
                  162    164
                        66
18


            ·




          Hanse




     67
7
            burgess




7
    H. Pirenne
                 68
15   16


               particularism




          69
70
8




8
    1748


           71
72
1




1
    Henderson H. D.        1922


                      73
extra commercium    1789                                 landed
estate




                           1563                        the Statute of
Artificers   1601




                                                1790
                        1813        1814
1834                                       18           10


                               74
18




      19




 75
2
                                   One Big Market




                      3




2
    Hawtrey   G. R.

3


                          76
4




4
    Cunningham   W.
                      77
18




78
79
19




     80
1795

       18




                                           1795   1834
                                              *




                 1662               1795
               1795


*
    Speenhamland Law
                               81
1795       5     6




       1                                                     3


                                              1      6
           1/6                       4            1/10
1                           1                            3
                      1




                     1834
                                          1832




                                         economic man


19




                                82
1




1
    Meredith H. O.        1908
                     83
1832
1843




       84
1834




                     Luddite




1799   1800


                   1797




              85
1795   1834                       1834
       10                                     1834
                                     1870


                               10




1834
                                    1830    1840




                          86
*




                         1834




    1834




                                       1834

*
     Disraeli   1804   1888   ,


                              87
19


                                                     19




                               *            *                        *

                          *
                ·                       ·             ·
                                                19
                                                                10




*
    ·   Jeremy Bentham        1748      1832

*
    ·   Edmund Burke  1729 1797
*
    ·   ·          Thomas Robert Malthus              1766   1834

*
    ·   Robert Owen      1771       1858        19


                                   88
Godwin
89
90
1536   1601


                                         1563




                                  1662




  250




         80


1660


        1813                             1814




               91
poor        pauper


       poor           poor


                         poor
                                pauper




1601




                92
16000




            ·




1795        1662




       93
1850




       94
1785




                                40
            Martineau
      1




1
    Martineau H.         1833
                        95
invisible unemployment




                         96
·   David
Davis




                 ·




        ·


            97
20                                     1795
     Pitt William the younger
                                                                      20
                                                           1763
    10




                                           ·        Townsend William




                                                            1776           ·
                                                                     10


                                                      5


             Telford      Thomas


                                           Paine   R. T.

               *


         1790


    Clapham        J.H.




*
         ·         George Canning   1770    1827                   1827


                                       98
99
250




                       Cecil   William                 Laud   William
       1590     1640


1642    1660                             Commonwealth


                                         1662
                                    18
                                                1722
                                                  workhouse
                  poorhouse
                                                       1782
              Gilbert’s Act




                                     100
yeomanry




101
102
1820


                                        1815     1830


Clapham




                                           3.3


                                1830


          1818
                                         1826




                                                          ·
    Martineau    Harriet
                                                   1834




·                          ·


                                  103
2




2
    Usher         1795
            104
3
            ·




3
    Martineau H.   1816   1846    30   1849


                            105
Eldon J.S.

                              4




4
    1833
           106
1832




10      15




     1834
             107
108
18
                                    ·               M’Farlane J.   1782




    ·      Giammaria Ortes               1774
                                                                   ·


                    ·

             1




                           1782




1
       ·         M’Farlane   J.                             1782
    1757                          1531     10   7
           Postlethway’t
                                     109
16




                    17




     ·                                      150
                     Kett’ Rebellion




16
         17




              110
quakers




                                                 Lawson




                                 1660              ·              10


                          1662




    1688
·          John Bellers
                                        Meetings of Sufferings


    1696                                       Colleges of Industry




                                 111
Villages of
Union                              Phalansteres
 Banks of Exchange          ·                      Ateliers Nationaux
                       Nationale Werkstatten
                     Five-Year Plans




                         1696           ·          Cary J.
                     Bristol Corporation


                     ·          Locke J.
                                            1696




 ·       Bentham J.
                                  112
·
           ·               Stephen      L.

                                                                     *
1794                                ·                   Panopticon




            ·
    1797
                                                   Industry-Houses




                                                            1


               2
                                2
                                                      250
50




*
                   Panopticon

2
           Bentham J.                                       1797
                                             113
1819         ·                  120




                   1200
 ·
                                               ·
 Charles Fourier




                          ·                           ·




      1832




                                       Trades Union




100


                                    1848
                              114
·


       ·           Defoe Daniel    1704


150




               Doctor Mandeville




                                   18




  18




                          115
·
     ·
17




                   70
·




         116
1696                         40
1796                              200
       1818        ·
800                    120
              20




                       117
19
                         1780                 ·
                              10




           ·
                                                                ·
    More   Thomas                        Machiavelli        Luther
Martin              Calvin   John
                                   19


                    ·




                                   118
·
                          Cromwell
                          ·




self-interest




                      ·




  ·


    10


·




                119
1


                ·
                ·               Funnell W.




    Condorcet




1
     · ·        Antonio de Ulloa       ·         William Funnell
      ·                            ·                       ·


                          120
Hobbes
              Hume         Hartley       Quesnay
      Helvetius




                                              ·


Aristotle




                                        ·




                     121
18




         ·




·
             law of diminishing returns




    19
             122
2




2
    Webb Sidney and Beatrice     7   9


                           123
3




      4                               5




3
    Bentham J.                4   1       333
4
5
                 1797
                        124
6




    ·




6
        314
              125
*


                 1832




                historicism




                                ·   Brewster
David




*
        Herod
                          126
18




     127
7
                                                            1840




                                                              Paterson
       ·     Law    John                  Pereires




                                8




                   10




7
    1832
8
           Stephen Sir Leslie                        1900
                                    128
quietism


                                     1798


                                            1789


              1794


                                                          1789
              Dr. Price                            1791




                                                     20
   1790




                          40


           Mantoux




                               129
9




                                     10


9
    Mantoux P.L.   18         1928
                        130
10
                                   ·




                            ·




10
     Cannan E.              1930
                      131
·
  wage-fund theory




                                law of
diminishing returns
                          132
·
19




 133
11




                   principle of labor        ·




                                        12



11
       Hazlitt William                    1803
12
     Richardo D.                        1929
                             134
·




86
         135
1817   ·




           136
137
138
1914




·




    139
1
2
        140
3




                ——
           ——




    19




         141
19   ——              ——




          20
                19


          142
143
18


                                     19     20




                             ·       François Quesnay




          ordre naturel


Maximes
                           Tableau




                     144
1800
1791




                            Old Poor Law




            family endowment




                                           1795




  19   30
                      145
19      30
1817                              Dissertation


                                                        10




                                                 ·


       1829               Peel
                             1
                                                 1832




1790          1815
                                  1825




1


                                  146
industrial dislocation




                      ——
                    ——




1846                             1844
                                1834




                                147
19




              30     40




1785   1815   1820


       148
1819
    Six Acts

                                                                    2


                     1832
                                                                1832



                                                          3




    Panopticon




                                                          ·




2
                Redlich     Hirst, J. ,                         2        240
               · ·                               305
3
                Ilbert               212   213            · ·       .,


                               149
self-same state


            Laissez-faire economy




                                                   Dicey




            19         60




                  19        70           19   80


                            1860




                                   150
Sumner




     20   20




30                  20




                    30


                        151
40




     ——              ——




                10




          152
19




                                      19        70
                       ——                  ——


                  municipal trading
                           *


     ——
——




                                                     1875




     unholy alliance




                  19


*
       cartels
                               153
class war




                       18




                            19
70   80




                 154
19   70         80




       ·          1884
                                 4


    1860


                                     12
           1861




                                     1862




    1863




4
           ·
                               155
1880




      1897




156
1880         1897              1879             1887
1899                                             1833
1853                   1883               1874   1883
           19     70                                    ·
                                                   19         90
                                                    ·              Karl
Lueger




  ·             Edouard Herriot




                                                            freedom of
contract


                                    157
·          Lloyd George    ·
           ·   Thurman Arnold           ·    Walter
Lippmann




——                                 ——




                        158
159
19   70        80




——                             ——




                     19




     160
19




                             1




19            class action


     ·                           1932
              161
162
19




1870


       163
164
——




     165
——




18   90




                      70




                18




          166
——




                    19


     Kaffir




              167
2




         ·                                              New
Lanark



                                              3




                                  Rivers




                  4
                                              19   40
                            Kingsley




                       Dr. Mead




  · ·              Millin              1926
             Goldenweiser    A.
             Goldenweiser   A.


                                  168
…




                              5




            Thurnwald




·   Thurnwald, R. C.,
     1935
                        169
19
                Lanchshire




 Chaddar


50




 public works
                              3   4




                   170
1887


         ——
             ·          John Collier


                                       ——


                 1890




       ——                   ——




       171
80   1834   1914


172
——




173
kraal-land

       1

2                                         3




      16
     Vives




    L.·P Mair, L. P. 20            1934
    E·M                                       1936
         M·J Herskovits, M. J. ,              1940
                            174
Tudor
                                                 16
                                                       4

                                             5
                                                           19
              6




        18
                                                                  *
                  Hobbes                          ——
                                                 ——




              R·C      Thurnwald, R. C.
5
            ,C                                             1924
6
            A                        1887         98
*
               Leviathan       17


                                       175
18
                                       7




                                   ·




               40                                    1834
          Reform Parliament




7
    E·F   Heckscher, E. F.   ,             2   168
                             176
Oastler
                                                      8


                                                   Tory socialism
                            Sadler               Southey ,
      Shaftesbury


                              ,                                  ——
                                          1846


                                           Disraeli


                                                          ·
                     1847            10




                                                 the Middle Passage
                                                              Hawkins’




                                                          1832
                                                                    1834




8
    Dicey, A. V. ,                   226
                               177
40




    10


                       stirrings




*
         1837   1838


                                   178
consumers’ co-operatives


                                                          Villages of
Co-operation
                                                                 New
Society                                     Union Shops
               Producers’ co-operatives


                                                      Labor Exchange


9
          G·D·H           ·        1925
                                 179
·
                             New Lanark




                      agricultural producers’ co-operative


                  Operative Builders’ Union




                        19


    Builders’ Union                         Builders’ Guild




       Regeneration Societies




*
                                 6


                                      180
181
·   Hannah More
     transcendentalism
                                           9
              2




10
        ·                       1795   5
       1917       230
                              182
·
                                            ·


                                            ·




            ·




                           19          40




11
     P·F·       Drucker, P. F.                     1939   93
                                       1942     21  194


                                 183
1789     1830
                           1848




                                             15%
1848   4   12




                40




                                  5   1




                     184
20




                       17
19
     1832




                 185
1789
1830




       19




        Austro-Hungarian




                           186
Tocqueville’s




12
             L Knowles, L.   19


                                  187
150     Whately




  188
One Big Market




            189
18


                             19




    14                            500




                   1




1
         C.                             1924
                       190
1815       1870




                         19    30       40




    the Prescriptions Acts                                         the Fines and
Recoveries                     1801
2                                                                  *
              1841            1926




      3




4



2
          Dicey    A.·V.                     226
*
3
          Ohlin    B                           1935           42
4
          K                      1904                        E·F
                  1934                   Longfield    1834
                                      191
15




18




     16   17




               192
18


    19      30                 60
                                19   70
         180




     *                *




                  5




*
                  Rodbertus


*
         Junker           ;           ,            , 19
                 ,
5
           Borkenau        F                1939


                                      193
*




        19




*
    ·         1804   1865


        194
6




6
    R·G       1933
                     195
TVA




19




     196
·   ·
                       18




                   ·




        ·




            19




                 197
1797



                                   7




                 19




    20           20




7
                G·M         1926           533
                                       ·
    1795
                        1    1835                    1940      4
           20         295                        1795 1798
                               198
8




                                        20




                                   *             *




8
           C·A            1870   1890

*
                                         Lappo
        Lapua    Lapua
*




                         199
A·J·
       · ·         Ludwig von Mises
        ·


1846
             200
80




            20


                 10




     1921                   1923




                      201
202
203
*




                                17
                                *




*
    commodity money
             ——
*
    token money
                      204
19




     205
commodity fiction




           · ·      Ludwig von Mises




                       206
19




                                           *




                          ·
                                                  lay-out




               1



*
    characer        character         character
1
               F·
                                207
19
                                20




                          2     3%
gold points
              10%        30%




                                     30


                          208
19




19   70




      209
20
                30
     20


                     1929




                             1931      9
21                           1933      6
                                    1929




          100


                       210
211
1879   1929




                       *




           19     90
                                 2




*


2
     E·F


                           212
20       10
                                *




*
    New Deal   20     30


                213
20
30




         ·                ·


         Wicksell




         18
·    ·




                    214
80


                                    1879




    2




               meet




2
    E·H   20          1919 1939    1940
                             215
216
the mounting barriers


                        30




217
218
219
1879   1929




220
221
19
                      19




                             1933




1




                                            19
80



1
     •G(Haberler G)              1933   6
                           222
have-not

                                    *




           •         Adam Smith




                             1837


*


               223
Disraeli
    Orange State




                   1780        1880

                                                                  *
                                                          •




                                                              *                       *
                  ·              Warren Hastings                              Clive




                                                                             Gladstone
*


      19




*
            •      (François Quesnay)    1694       1774

*
       ·              Warren Hastings     1732       1818

*
           ·          Robert Clive      1725       1774

*
                (Gladstone)   1809 1898        ,                      1868   1894


                                          224
1873   1886




19   70         19     80




          225
*




         economic magnitudes




10


*


             226
*         *




                  cross




*
*




        227
*




    1873   1886         70




                                 *




*


*




                  228
2




                                                 organization of life




2
    G·D·H·       G. D. H. Cole         19   70                19


                                 229
19




     230
231
232
20     20




                                            *
         19      20


*
    ·         William Huskisson    1770   1830


                                  233
1832
1834




              ·         Harriet Martineau


                  234
*




                                              ·




                                                                     *




                     ·                   1694




     100
                                                  17
                            *
19                                     1748




*
       ·      ·          Thomas Babington Macaulay     1800   1859

*
     ·      John Locke  1632 1704
*
           Montesquieu 1689 1755         18


                                 235
1




                                                          40




                                                                *
                                            Mises




                                                18   90
         20       20

                       2




1
    A·T·         Hadley, A. T.
               1896
*
           ·        Charles Samner    1811 1874

2
    J.                           44                            45
                                                     15
                                      236
*




                    *




             18


                                                                1789    1796



             *
                                                                       19
                                        greenback parties
                                                           20      20




                                                                  20
20




*
     ·       William Cobbett   1763     1835               19

*
      ·           Thomas Atwood       1783   1856

*
         ·          Alexander Hamilton       1755   1804


                                  237
*




                                                            1931




     1925




                                                    *
          1924


                                                        7
                                            1931
                                               1926




*
     ·      ·        William Ewart Gladstone       1809 1898
19
*
      ·          Philip Snowden     1864   1937


                              238
12




                    1923                     1926                  1931
                                                                    *

                                       *               *
                Francqui




*
           ·           Ignaz Seipel   1876    1932          1922   1924
    1926 1929
*
         ·             Raymond Poincar        1860 1934

*
            ·          Heinrich Br ning      1885    1970


                                       239
*
                    1936




                                 20   30




*
    ·   L on Blum   1872   1950


                           240
241
20   20




          242
1923
                                 1930




    3




                               20       20


3
        ·   K. Polanyi                       1933


                         243
1932
                  10




10




     244
245
20   20
          246
247
1




1
    ·       K. Polanyi   1886 1964
        1935
                              248
·         Othmar Spann
    ·         Stephan George                       ·    Ludwig
Klages                                     D·H·
                      ·            Georges Sorel
                               *




*
        · ·         Paul von Hindenburg   1847   1934


                                    249
*
             ·


       ·




             20       30




                                                1932   7

*
        ·        Primo de Rivera    1870 1930
1923   9    1930  1
                                   250
·   ·
    Herr von Papen
6




       20     20




                           20   20




                     251
1929
       1932   1934         1922
1926




                           pick-up job




                     252
*

                                                                   *
                                                               ·
                                                                   *




                            *




                   2




                                                        1940




*
             Heimwehr

*
         ·    Huey Long :1893      1935

*
*
             ·          Vidkun Quisling     1887 1945


2
    H·       H. Heymann 1941
     ·        Heinrich BrÜ


                                          253
3




                                 20             20




          1917    1923




          1924    1929


          1930


      1917   1923


3
    H.·          H. Rauschning                       1940
                                          254
*
                                                                         1920




                  10
      1924




                                                                 *


                               7                          1926

*
       ·                Leon Trotsky   1879    1940

*

    1925     10    16                          12     1


                                         255
1929




                    2


       1934




              256
*
                 19                                   ·
                                                  *
    ·       Montagu Norman




*
     ·           ·                 John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount
1873 1954                  1915 1916 1935 1937                   1931
1935           1937 1940                1940 1945
*
       ·       Hjalmar Schacht 1877 1970


                                 257
·          Duff Cooper       1933             1932



                                          *




                                                *




    ·




                        4




19



*
         ·            ·       ·     ·                      Edward Frederick
                       st
Lindley Wood Halifax, 1 earl of 1881 1959                         1925
1931               1938 1940                   1941 1946
*
                 ·            Arthur Neville Chamberlain            1937
1940
4
  1939                      74    6106
                                    258
1917
1929


                     10




            1920




        25


       30                 1917 1924


                   259
1930
       30
                          1789




            20    20




                   1924




                          19




                 260
19




           19




     261
*
        ·H·


          ·




                                         19




                                                 19


                        19




*
    ·    ·        Frank Hyneman Knight    1885   1972


                             262
263
20




19




     264
19




                 19




     19




      19


           265
19




266
19




     267
268
269
270
·


    271
·




          ·




    272
1
                                                    1

       1.




                       *                                                                 *

*




                                                                                          *           *
                                                                    ·
             *                                       *
                                   ·
                                        2

                               *                *




*
        ·          ·                   George Macaulay Trevelyan             1876        1962

*
            ·              ·                Thomas Cardinal Wolsey           1475        1530

*
        ·                              William Cecil, Lord Burghley               1520       1598

*
        ·                   Sir William Temple              1628    1699

*
        ·          George Canning             1770        1827                       1827

*
                    Lord Palmerston 1784                  1865                           1830       1841
    1846    1851            1855 1865                           ·     ·
*
            ·                                         Sir Edward Grey, 1st Baronet             1862
1933                                                11      1905 1916
*
             F nelon       1651        1715

*
             ·     ·               Emmerich de Vattel              1714    1767


                                                    273
·                             25




                                              *
                                                       1787




                              4




        2.
                                                         *




*
             ·    ·           Charles James Fox    1749       1806

*
         ·       David Hume       1711 1776       18


                                       274
F·         F. Schuman                                                  A B
C 3                             3
                                            F·




                                            *




                           Heristal              Pipin


    ·           De Greef
                                                  *
                                            ·




      3.


*
                  ·         Arnold Joseph Toynbee        1889   1975

*
            ·         ·      Frederick Jackson Turner    1861   1932


                                      275
1648




 1648




                       75




                1648        1713


200




        276
D·                     3      1854           364
  F·                        1933         55         A·J·
           3            302         H·
1600                                  1939
       2          871               ·           A·
           1920
           B·
                              277
4




     J·P·                             1939                  464
        1758           A·S·                                                      1927
        567     569        L·                                     D·P·
                               1919




                                      7               1                    A·J·
                           4    C                 142      153     F·
            1          2        J·H·                        1815   1914
                               3          L·                              1934
 1      W·                                 W·
        L·C·A·                              19                            1927
E·H·            1919    1939              20                1940    R·H·S·
                                    1939                  225      R·G·
                1925                265




                1914       6         15
R·L·                            1929                 R·G·
 1925          R·B·                                         1930            313
G·                                              1942                       S·B·
                                312             H·
     1870 1914          1930                    335




                                          278
W·L·                                                  1871    1890       1931
R·J·                                                1871       1932      1933           H·
                                        12                             J·P·
                 1939              464         R·B·                                          1930
                 23          W·A·                       1914                          1920
     2                H·D·                                        53         R·
                                  1917              176          R·L·
     1929                    512




             1
                                                    2



1.                           1815            1914
                             3                       1859                6        1866
         6            1870       1871                     9                       2
                  *




                                         19               18

         *
                 19
                                                                                             ·
     *



*
                           1853    1856
*
             ·              ·         ·         John Frederick Charles Fuller     1878       1966


*
         ·              Quincy Wright        1890    1970
                                                    279
2.


            1              2




     1880
                      18
                                1815   1880




                           19




                280
1948




                                 18




2
                    3




    1923          1925    1931        1933
    1923          1926    1936
    1924          1926    1936

                    281
1924               1926       1933
           1925
           1925
           1926
           1926
           1926




2
                                4




           1918    1923




    1918   10                         1920      1934
    1918   10                         1923      1934
    1917                              1918      1926
    1917                              1918
    1918                              1920      1933
    1918   10     1919    3           1919


    1918                              1926      1929
    1917                              1918      1934
    1917                              1918      1926
    1919                              1926
    1918                              1926

                                282
2
                                      5




              *
                                                                Rothschilds


                                                               Bleichroeder
                                            1871
         Oriental Railway                                                Langer
        Sontag
                                                               Leathes


              Lysis                       J·A·                 J. A. Hobson



                             *




                                             20           20




*
    ·     ·           Luigi Conte Corti       1823 1888

*
     ·            Rudolf Hilferding       1877     1941


                                      283
*                *




              Earle       Remer          Viner




        4
                              6



                                    19




                         19




*
              1924

*
            1929


                              284
1

                        *
                                                    1932                13

                                            *
                                                                                1930
         60


    Brinkmann                                                                     4
         2
    2




                                            156

              *
                                                                         14
14
     3       1932           169
                                      *
                                                                                1929


*
         ·                  Richard Thurnwald     1869    1954

*
                  ·                  Bronislaw Malinowski        1884    1942

*
                    ·        Robert Harry Lowie          1883    1957


*
                    ·             Sir Raymond     William Firth     1901



                                          285
Minstrels


    3




209
        163
    4




                                             1926             40   41

                                                                    *




        1936          99


                                                         61


                                             EF      1             17


*
        ·            Alexander Godenweiser    1880   1940


                                  286
59


                                                                    2     1935
         124
                                     1939              161
                                                              Ratcliffe-Brown




                       303
    5
              *




        484




                             288


                                                                           383
                               *
                  ·


*
          ·           Ralph Linton     1893     1953

*
        ·                Ruth Benedict        1887     1948


                                              287
233
 6




                                        12




157


                                             39
               2


       167


             106




  25               Banaro


                   1921           378




                            288
12
                         107
    7




    ·     Carl Buecher


                                                                   12
    206      350                                          170           268
                                                           *
                         3          146
             1940             34                                        167


    8




*
             ·                 Melville Jean Herskovits    1895   1963



                                    289
106
108




                                                               195




           5


                                    7




      1.                                           truck     barter     and
exchange


                                                Buesher
           Die Entstehung der Volkswirtschaft    1904          109
                                                          bonito-hook


                                    290
Tikopia
                        340
 2.




                                      M·
195


      Pirenne                                        142


125
 3.
                carrying




                                145 146




                       109
 4.




                       Die menschliche Gesllschaft         3
137
                 137


                Loeb
                              291
153
            armed trade                               silent barter




                  20                   97
           fair


                                             Lipson


                                              Weber
     195


                                       111
      5.




                                212
                                       Herskovits
13




                                86


                                 292
387
      6.




                                                         154




                                             107




167              6




                     108




           263




                           156
                                                   238
      7.




            145
                                       195


                                 293
inter-communal                        inter-municipal


            102
    8.
                  15                 15


                              169
             700               800                  Heckcher
          1935         1             129
                                          14


                       211
    9.


                             Hanse                Teutonic Hans




    10.
                                     13


                                                                   1
3                15                                       15


                                                         92
                                                 Pstan        15


    11.
                                           294
1935       1




                                                     2        273


                                                                 1
131
                                                  Pantlen
                       Handworterbuch der Staatswissenschaften       6
          281


                                                  Schmoller   1884
      12.
      “




            ,                                            ”
                      139




                 217
      13.




  1             131
      14.


                             159
                                     295
1      166
                                                   157




         4




7


                            8




                                  1834
                                                   1795
                  1782




                                         1799   1800
    Anti-Combination Laws




                            296
Chartists




                ·
                                     1834
       Goulds             Barings                   ·




   ·




1831       3                                            1834
                    30    1816          1846


                     3   489           4          453


                               297
30
     delayed-action
                                  70
                                                         18       40
19         40




                         ·                   Sir Leslie Stephen
                                             ·           Elie·Halevy


                                                          Dicey




                                  *
                     Schumpeter                     Mitchell




*
            Schumpeter


                                       298
A·Toynbee


                                                   ·


                                 Mantoux   1907
        1881


       18                         438


            Hammonds   1911


                                            1927




J·H·         J.H.Clapham




                                            1      4




                                                       war
                           299
enclosures




                              make-wages




                       1913
  1908




                                                            Mises


                                    1927        74


1927         484                Nationalokonomie     1940
720                ·                        1937


                                           19        20        30




                                                          extended
unemployment benefit                                 dole
                                     WPA                    PWA
                                           ·
1926




                              300
Acland                                1786


       2        1752
                                                                        1784


                                                             1788
                                            1788
                            Applegarth      Rob                         1790


                       Belsham Will


        J   Bentham J                                      1802
       J Bentham J                                                      1821


        J Bentham J                                                     ·
 William Pitt                              1797     2
        E    Burke      E                                        1795
                  Cowe James
1797
                        M·D      Crumple          Samue   M.D.
                                 1793
                     Defoe Daniel
                      1704
                     Defoe     Daniel                                   1792


                 Dyer       George
                                     301
1795
            Eden                         1797              3
                                Gilbert Thomas
                1781
                         Godwin       Willianm
                             1800    4      15                                     1801


                 Hampshire                             1795
                                E                     E.Poulter
     1797
            J·                                                    1796
                             James Isaac                                     1800
20
                         Jones       Edw                             1796
                       Luson Hewling
                  1786
                         .     D.D    M’Farlane         John D.D
       1782
                 H Martineau         H                    1833
                 H Martineau         H                        1833
                 H Martineau         H           30                         1849
3
                H Martineau H                                            1832      1834
       9
            J    Massie.J
                  1758
                               D.D Nasmith James D.D.
                1799
                         Owen Robert
                                           302
1818
        Th     Paine        Th                                          1797


                  Pew       Rich
              ·             Pitt Wm Morton


                                           1790




                                                      1797
                Ruggle Tho                                1793          2
                      Sbatier      Wm                                   1797


   ·                  Sunders      Robert
                  JG Sherer Rev. JG                              1796
                                               1799
              Field                   Giles
                                                      1797
            Suffolk
       1795
                  Townsend Wm                  1786


                   Vancouver John                                       1796


            Wilson                              Rev.Edw
  1795
        J    Wood       J                  ·
1797
 ·W             Young.Sir W                                       1796
                                     303
W.J.     Ashley     W.J.
             1931
                    Ph.S. Belasco.Ph.S.                ·                1654       1725
                     1925         6
                    Ph.S.    Belasco.Ph.S.        17
             Ec.F.           1          275
                         J.S. Blackmore J.S.                   F.C. Mellonie
F.C.         19                                                 1
                  J.H.    Clapham JH                                           1
1926
             ·               Marshall.Dorothy                           1662 1795
                                 The Ec. Hist. Rev.        8            1937       1938
        38
                         Palgrave
                    1925
                    Webb S and B                                    7    9
              1927        1929
                  Webb Sidney                          C.H.M.            12
730    765




        7
                                         9




                                          304
1914 1918    15
                                  *




                       1832    1934




1795
                1918


*


                         305
1795
                 1918




                        T·H·
T. H. Marshall




                  306
*
                          Bullion Report




      8
                                  10



                                                        1795
                                                       1563
     the Statute of Artificers




                                                   *
                                               ·        Arthur Young
1741-1820


                                                                  130
                   Mond Plan     1926




               1795

*
                Bullion Report
*
     ·      Arthur Young 1741    1820


                                  307
1662




                    1601                        1563




                                                  ·
Edward Wilson




                5
                             5   6


                             5       6




  13


                           308
11
                      *




 1
          L·P·       L. P. Mair




                                                        1935
394




      *
                 ·           Benjamin Disraeli   1804   1881

                                   309
F·E·                        Suan              1933
                        13            43


                                           99


                 1937           429


                                                  111




                         Wissel            M·
                         1932


                                Pitt-Rivers
                                       27       1927
Lesser


                                44




         20                           1934        5
                             310
·H·
         Mary H. Kingsley                   339
                                                                     50
                                25




F·E·




                                                            43


                                                             ·
     Frank Lorimer
11




                                           ·          John Collier
     1942
                  1887                     the General Allotment Act


                                           9000                   1934
                            the Indian Reorganization Act


                                     311
*




                           1795   1834


    2


              ·           1816


                    146                      ·
                                         M’Farlane
                                                     1782
        249   250




*


                                  312
19
       30
                                           ·S·
     Charles S. Johnson




                            E·
1939        274




                                 12




1.




                    ·     1795         4


            ·
                                 313
3          50


               3                 J·         Boys          97
          3    4                 J·           90

              10

     10       15
     10       15                 E·        Harris
              20                 J·          86
     30       40                      ·     William Pitt
              50                        J·        Howlett
                                 2                 1793        2




                                                1
                                                      2
                                                           1788      1789


J·             Harvey                              V XII           132
1789                    E·       Holmes                   Cruckton
                        196




                                                                         1
                             2




                                     314
·
         ·           Hannah More




2.   ·   Sir William Young
                                  1795




                               1662


                                         1662




          1662
                           ·
                         315
1795
                 1796
                           1788
                                   1795




               Nicholson
     2


3.




         316
31 Geo. III. C. 78
            Houses of Industry




1815
       30




   1792     1813




                                  1834
                                                     1


                                                                  33


                                                              ·
                                 317
Henry Stuart                       A       1   334     A




                           1833


                                                          Power


Cowell
J·    Mann




Pringle




                                                     Majendie
                    0.25




                                            1
          Okeden                             /16


                                  318
4.


                                                        30




                                                    6   6
       4                 4
                                               12            3
                                 9


1834
        1795
1789                 ·               John Howlett




                 6           6         1789




     Henderson
                                     319
1                18
            Padiham                      Ulverston




4   5
        H. of C.4     VI   1824    4




          Macclesfield
                ·                 1834
                320
Redford   20




      30




           40




321
111
5.




1837       1845
         1847




                  201     000                         584
                                                                     Bucks
                                                                        208
000                                   584
         1842                               29.37%          16.72%
                         1843             29.80% 1844                15.26%
1845                             12.24%
                                            1845
9.08%
                                                                 J·T·
     Danson        1839        1847
     6            101          1848
6.


     1563               1662




                                          322
19




               1841   1843
                                              12
628            19                             1%
      9                            1848   9


          1%   1.3%




                             323

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great transformation

  • 1. 1
  • 2. ·M· …………………..…….……… ……………………………………..……………5 20 30 …………………..……23 ………………….………..….36 ………………………….….…………..47 …………………………………………61 …73 1795 ………………….………………..82 .…………………………………………...92 ……………………………………….….110 ……………………..…………119 …………………………..…140 …………………………….….145 …………………………………………………....162 ……………………….…………………...175 2
  • 3. ……………………………….………….191 ……………………………………..205 ……..…….….…………214 ….………………….………222 ……………….….……………235 ……………….…………….250 ………………..………………263 1. …………………………………………..……….…..275 2. …………………..……………………….……….….281 3. .………………………………….…….……283 4. ...……….………….284 5. ………………………………………….…………285 6. ……….……….…….286 7. ……………….……....292 8. …………………………………………….298 9. ………………………………………….307 10. ………………...………309 11. .………………311 12. ………………………….315 …………………………………………..……………. ………………………………………………………… 3
  • 4. 4
  • 5. 19 19 19 5
  • 6. 19 20 6
  • 7. 100 19 1815 1914 18 60 80 19 1870 1871 19 Duc d’Angouleme Magyar Holy Alliance 19 Sherifian Empire 7
  • 8. 19 city-states 1648 Munster and West-phalia treaty 8
  • 9. 75 Utrecht Treaty 19 18 · · 1815 Metternich Gentz 1846 1 1871 1 R·J·Sontag 1871 1932 1933 9
  • 10. * the Concert of Europe * 1875 1877~1878 1831 1855 1867 * the Concert of Europe * 1815 1898 10
  • 11. 1856 1878 1852 1863 1851 1856 * * 11
  • 12. haute finance 19 2 19 20 2 H. Feis 1870 1914 12
  • 13. Rothschilds 50 13
  • 14. 1870 14
  • 15. 1870 3 1905 1906 1914 6 4 3 201 4 264 15
  • 16. power finance 1871 1914 16
  • 17. 1875 1876 1878 36 1881 Decree Muharrem Dette Ottomane 17
  • 18. 18
  • 19. 5 1752 50 18 19 19 20 5 A·S· Hershey 565 569 1927 19
  • 20. 1816 1846 30 19 20
  • 21. 1861 1890 20 1863 1870 1878 70 1846 1879 6 90 1904 6 F· Eulenburg 209 1929 21
  • 22. 19 22
  • 23. 20 30 30 19 1914 1918 1900 23
  • 24. 1914 League of Nations 16 19 20 19 24
  • 25. · JP NM 19 19 10 10 1914 30 10 30 1917 1920 25
  • 26. 20 1789 30 19 10 1940 20 20 26
  • 27. 1848 1866 1871 1925 1938 1930 27
  • 28. * 19 · · · · · · · · 90 * · David Ricardo 1772 1823 28
  • 29. 1927 1929 1933 International Labor Office 29
  • 30. 19 30
  • 31. 31
  • 32. 19 30 19 elan vital 32
  • 33. 19 19 19 50 20 33
  • 34. 19 34
  • 35. 35
  • 36. 36
  • 37. 18 19 Tudor 37
  • 38. 15 17 1607 38
  • 39. 1 1490 1640 Kett’s Rebellion Lord Protector Somerset 1st 100 Strafford 1st Laud 1642 1648 Stuart 19 H. de B. Gibbins 1 R.H. Tawney 16 1912 39
  • 40. 2 A. D. Innes 3 4 Heckscher Eli Filip 5 · John Hales 2 H. de B. Gibbins 1895 3 A. D. Innes 1932 4 J. Gairdner 2 1918 5 E. F. Heckscher 104 1935 40
  • 41. 41
  • 42. Common * Law * 42
  • 43. 150 43
  • 44. 19 18 44
  • 45. 6 6 Clapham J. H. 3 45
  • 46. 46
  • 47. 19 19 · · 100 47
  • 48. 19 · * Herbert Spencer 50 · · Ludwig von Mises · Walter Lippmann · · 19 · * · · John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl 1782 1845 1830 1834 48
  • 49. 1776 · 1100 49
  • 50. · Max Weber 50
  • 51. Western Melanesian 1 reciprocity and redistribution Trobriand 1 269 51
  • 54. Kula ring 10 54
  • 55. Kwakiutl 55
  • 56. 56
  • 59. Greco-Roman 16 19 59
  • 60. 1 19 2 1 274 2 Hawtrey G. R. 13 1925 60
  • 61. 19 19 61
  • 62. internal or national market 3 3 Thurnwald R. C. 147 1932 62
  • 63. Dieri Yantruwunta 800 Pengwe Kpelle 63
  • 64. 4 4 Pirenne, H. 148 1925 12 · Henry Pirenne 64
  • 65. Tikopia 5 Uta 18 5 Firth, R. 347 1939 65
  • 66. contain* * 6 * contain * Chaga 6 162 164 66
  • 67. 18 · Hanse 67
  • 68. 7 burgess 7 H. Pirenne 68
  • 69. 15 16 particularism 69
  • 70. 70
  • 71. 8 8 1748 71
  • 72. 72
  • 73. 1 1 Henderson H. D. 1922 73
  • 74. extra commercium 1789 landed estate 1563 the Statute of Artificers 1601 1790 1813 1814 1834 18 10 74
  • 75. 18 19 75
  • 76. 2 One Big Market 3 2 Hawtrey G. R. 3 76
  • 77. 4 4 Cunningham W. 77
  • 78. 18 78
  • 79. 79
  • 80. 19 80
  • 81. 1795 18 1795 1834 * 1662 1795 1795 * Speenhamland Law 81
  • 82. 1795 5 6 1 3 1 6 1/6 4 1/10 1 1 3 1 1834 1832 economic man 19 82
  • 83. 1 1 Meredith H. O. 1908 83
  • 84. 1832 1843 84
  • 85. 1834 Luddite 1799 1800 1797 85
  • 86. 1795 1834 1834 10 1834 1870 10 1834 1830 1840 86
  • 87. * 1834 1834 1834 * Disraeli 1804 1888 , 87
  • 88. 19 19 * * * * · · · 19 10 * · Jeremy Bentham 1748 1832 * · Edmund Burke 1729 1797 * · · Thomas Robert Malthus 1766 1834 * · Robert Owen 1771 1858 19 88
  • 90. 90
  • 91. 1536 1601 1563 1662 250 80 1660 1813 1814 91
  • 92. poor pauper poor poor poor pauper 1601 92
  • 93. 16000 · 1795 1662 93
  • 94. 1850 94
  • 95. 1785 40 Martineau 1 1 Martineau H. 1833 95
  • 97. · David Davis · · 97
  • 98. 20 1795 Pitt William the younger 20 1763 10 · Townsend William 1776 · 10 5 Telford Thomas Paine R. T. * 1790 Clapham J.H. * · George Canning 1770 1827 1827 98
  • 99. 99
  • 100. 250 Cecil William Laud William 1590 1640 1642 1660 Commonwealth 1662 18 1722 workhouse poorhouse 1782 Gilbert’s Act 100
  • 102. 102
  • 103. 1820 1815 1830 Clapham 3.3 1830 1818 1826 · Martineau Harriet 1834 · · 103
  • 104. 2 2 Usher 1795 104
  • 105. 3 · 3 Martineau H. 1816 1846 30 1849 105
  • 106. Eldon J.S. 4 4 1833 106
  • 107. 1832 10 15 1834 107
  • 108. 108
  • 109. 18 · M’Farlane J. 1782 · Giammaria Ortes 1774 · · 1 1782 1 · M’Farlane J. 1782 1757 1531 10 7 Postlethway’t 109
  • 110. 16 17 · 150 Kett’ Rebellion 16 17 110
  • 111. quakers Lawson 1660 · 10 1662 1688 · John Bellers Meetings of Sufferings 1696 Colleges of Industry 111
  • 112. Villages of Union Phalansteres Banks of Exchange · Ateliers Nationaux Nationale Werkstatten Five-Year Plans 1696 · Cary J. Bristol Corporation · Locke J. 1696 · Bentham J. 112
  • 113. · · Stephen L. * 1794 · Panopticon · 1797 Industry-Houses 1 2 2 250 50 * Panopticon 2 Bentham J. 1797 113
  • 114. 1819 · 120 1200 · · Charles Fourier · · 1832 Trades Union 100 1848 114
  • 115. · · Defoe Daniel 1704 150 Doctor Mandeville 18 18 115
  • 116. · · 17 70 · 116
  • 117. 1696 40 1796 200 1818 · 800 120 20 117
  • 118. 19 1780 · 10 · · More Thomas Machiavelli Luther Martin Calvin John 19 · 118
  • 119. · Cromwell · self-interest · · 10 · 119
  • 120. 1 · · Funnell W. Condorcet 1 · · Antonio de Ulloa · William Funnell · · · 120
  • 121. Hobbes Hume Hartley Quesnay Helvetius · Aristotle · 121
  • 122. 18 · · law of diminishing returns 19 122
  • 123. 2 2 Webb Sidney and Beatrice 7 9 123
  • 124. 3 4 5 3 Bentham J. 4 1 333 4 5 1797 124
  • 125. 6 · 6 314 125
  • 126. * 1832 historicism · Brewster David * Herod 126
  • 127. 18 127
  • 128. 7 1840 Paterson · Law John Pereires 8 10 7 1832 8 Stephen Sir Leslie 1900 128
  • 129. quietism 1798 1789 1794 1789 Dr. Price 1791 20 1790 40 Mantoux 129
  • 130. 9 10 9 Mantoux P.L. 18 1928 130
  • 131. 10 · · 10 Cannan E. 1930 131
  • 132. · wage-fund theory law of diminishing returns 132
  • 134. 11 principle of labor · 12 11 Hazlitt William 1803 12 Richardo D. 1929 134
  • 135. · 86 135
  • 136. 1817 · 136
  • 137. 137
  • 138. 138
  • 139. 1914 · 139
  • 140. 1 2 140
  • 141. 3 —— —— 19 141
  • 142. 19 —— —— 20 19 142
  • 143. 143
  • 144. 18 19 20 · François Quesnay ordre naturel Maximes Tableau 144
  • 145. 1800 1791 Old Poor Law family endowment 1795 19 30 145
  • 146. 19 30 1817 Dissertation 10 · 1829 Peel 1 1832 1790 1815 1825 1 146
  • 147. industrial dislocation —— —— 1846 1844 1834 147
  • 148. 19 30 40 1785 1815 1820 148
  • 149. 1819 Six Acts 2 1832 1832 3 Panopticon · 2 Redlich Hirst, J. , 2 240 · · 305 3 Ilbert 212 213 · · ., 149
  • 150. self-same state Laissez-faire economy Dicey 19 60 19 70 19 80 1860 150
  • 151. Sumner 20 20 30 20 30 151
  • 152. 40 —— —— 10 152
  • 153. 19 19 70 —— —— municipal trading * —— —— 1875 unholy alliance 19 * cartels 153
  • 154. class war 18 19 70 80 154
  • 155. 19 70 80 · 1884 4 1860 12 1861 1862 1863 4 · 155
  • 156. 1880 1897 156
  • 157. 1880 1897 1879 1887 1899 1833 1853 1883 1874 1883 19 70 · 19 90 · Karl Lueger · Edouard Herriot freedom of contract 157
  • 158. · Lloyd George · · Thurman Arnold · Walter Lippmann —— —— 158
  • 159. 159
  • 160. 19 70 80 —— —— 19 160
  • 161. 19 1 19 class action · 1932 161
  • 162. 162
  • 163. 19 1870 163
  • 164. 164
  • 165. —— 165
  • 166. —— 18 90 70 18 166
  • 167. —— 19 Kaffir 167
  • 168. 2 · New Lanark 3 Rivers 4 19 40 Kingsley Dr. Mead · · Millin 1926 Goldenweiser A. Goldenweiser A. 168
  • 169. 5 Thurnwald · Thurnwald, R. C., 1935 169
  • 170. 19 Lanchshire Chaddar 50 public works 3 4 170
  • 171. 1887 —— · John Collier —— 1890 —— —— 171
  • 172. 80 1834 1914 172
  • 174. kraal-land 1 2 3 16 Vives L.·P Mair, L. P. 20 1934 E·M 1936 M·J Herskovits, M. J. , 1940 174
  • 175. Tudor 16 4 5 19 6 18 * Hobbes —— —— R·C Thurnwald, R. C. 5 ,C 1924 6 A 1887 98 * Leviathan 17 175
  • 176. 18 7 · 40 1834 Reform Parliament 7 E·F Heckscher, E. F. , 2 168 176
  • 177. Oastler 8 Tory socialism Sadler Southey , Shaftesbury , —— 1846 Disraeli · 1847 10 the Middle Passage Hawkins’ 1832 1834 8 Dicey, A. V. , 226 177
  • 178. 40 10 stirrings * 1837 1838 178
  • 179. consumers’ co-operatives Villages of Co-operation New Society Union Shops Producers’ co-operatives Labor Exchange 9 G·D·H · 1925 179
  • 180. · New Lanark agricultural producers’ co-operative Operative Builders’ Union 19 Builders’ Union Builders’ Guild Regeneration Societies * 6 180
  • 181. 181
  • 182. · Hannah More transcendentalism 9 2 10 · 1795 5 1917 230 182
  • 183. · · · · 19 40 11 P·F· Drucker, P. F. 1939 93 1942 21 194 183
  • 184. 1789 1830 1848 15% 1848 4 12 40 5 1 184
  • 185. 20 17 19 1832 185
  • 186. 1789 1830 19 Austro-Hungarian 186
  • 187. Tocqueville’s 12 L Knowles, L. 19 187
  • 188. 150 Whately 188
  • 190. 18 19 14 500 1 1 C. 1924 190
  • 191. 1815 1870 19 30 40 the Prescriptions Acts the Fines and Recoveries 1801 2 * 1841 1926 3 4 2 Dicey A.·V. 226 * 3 Ohlin B 1935 42 4 K 1904 E·F 1934 Longfield 1834 191
  • 192. 15 18 16 17 192
  • 193. 18 19 30 60 19 70 180 * * 5 * Rodbertus * Junker ; , , 19 , 5 Borkenau F 1939 193
  • 194. * 19 * · 1804 1865 194
  • 195. 6 6 R·G 1933 195
  • 196. TVA 19 196
  • 197. · · 18 · · 19 197
  • 198. 1797 7 19 20 20 7 G·M 1926 533 · 1795 1 1835 1940 4 20 295 1795 1798 198
  • 199. 8 20 * * 8 C·A 1870 1890 * Lappo Lapua Lapua * 199
  • 200. A·J· · · Ludwig von Mises · 1846 200
  • 201. 80 20 10 1921 1923 201
  • 202. 202
  • 203. 203
  • 204. * 17 * * commodity money —— * token money 204
  • 205. 19 205
  • 206. commodity fiction · · Ludwig von Mises 206
  • 207. 19 * · lay-out 1 * characer character character 1 F· 207
  • 208. 19 20 2 3% gold points 10% 30% 30 208
  • 209. 19 19 70 209
  • 210. 20 30 20 1929 1931 9 21 1933 6 1929 100 210
  • 211. 211
  • 212. 1879 1929 * 19 90 2 * 2 E·F 212
  • 213. 20 10 * * New Deal 20 30 213
  • 214. 20 30 · · Wicksell 18 · · 214
  • 215. 80 1879 2 meet 2 E·H 20 1919 1939 1940 215
  • 216. 216
  • 218. 218
  • 219. 219
  • 220. 1879 1929 220
  • 221. 221
  • 222. 19 19 1933 1 19 80 1 •G(Haberler G) 1933 6 222
  • 223. have-not * • Adam Smith 1837 * 223
  • 224. Disraeli Orange State 1780 1880 * • * * · Warren Hastings Clive Gladstone * 19 * • (François Quesnay) 1694 1774 * · Warren Hastings 1732 1818 * · Robert Clive 1725 1774 * (Gladstone) 1809 1898 , 1868 1894 224
  • 225. 1873 1886 19 70 19 80 225
  • 226. * economic magnitudes 10 * 226
  • 227. * * cross * * 227
  • 228. * 1873 1886 70 * * * 228
  • 229. 2 organization of life 2 G·D·H· G. D. H. Cole 19 70 19 229
  • 230. 19 230
  • 231. 231
  • 232. 232
  • 233. 20 20 * 19 20 * · William Huskisson 1770 1830 233
  • 234. 1832 1834 · Harriet Martineau 234
  • 235. * · * · 1694 100 17 * 19 1748 * · · Thomas Babington Macaulay 1800 1859 * · John Locke 1632 1704 * Montesquieu 1689 1755 18 235
  • 236. 1 40 * Mises 18 90 20 20 2 1 A·T· Hadley, A. T. 1896 * · Charles Samner 1811 1874 2 J. 44 45 15 236
  • 237. * * 18 1789 1796 * 19 greenback parties 20 20 20 20 * · William Cobbett 1763 1835 19 * · Thomas Atwood 1783 1856 * · Alexander Hamilton 1755 1804 237
  • 238. * 1931 1925 * 1924 7 1931 1926 * · · William Ewart Gladstone 1809 1898 19 * · Philip Snowden 1864 1937 238
  • 239. 12 1923 1926 1931 * * * Francqui * · Ignaz Seipel 1876 1932 1922 1924 1926 1929 * · Raymond Poincar 1860 1934 * · Heinrich Br ning 1885 1970 239
  • 240. * 1936 20 30 * · L on Blum 1872 1950 240
  • 241. 241
  • 242. 20 20 242
  • 243. 1923 1930 3 20 20 3 · K. Polanyi 1933 243
  • 244. 1932 10 10 244
  • 245. 245
  • 246. 20 20 246
  • 247. 247
  • 248. 1 1 · K. Polanyi 1886 1964 1935 248
  • 249. · Othmar Spann · Stephan George · Ludwig Klages D·H· · Georges Sorel * * · · Paul von Hindenburg 1847 1934 249
  • 250. * · · 20 30 1932 7 * · Primo de Rivera 1870 1930 1923 9 1930 1 250
  • 251. · · Herr von Papen 6 20 20 20 20 251
  • 252. 1929 1932 1934 1922 1926 pick-up job 252
  • 253. * * · * * 2 1940 * Heimwehr * · Huey Long :1893 1935 * * · Vidkun Quisling 1887 1945 2 H· H. Heymann 1941 · Heinrich BrÜ 253
  • 254. 3 20 20 1917 1923 1924 1929 1930 1917 1923 3 H.· H. Rauschning 1940 254
  • 255. * 1920 10 1924 * 7 1926 * · Leon Trotsky 1879 1940 * 1925 10 16 12 1 255
  • 256. 1929 2 1934 256
  • 257. * 19 · * · Montagu Norman * · · John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount 1873 1954 1915 1916 1935 1937 1931 1935 1937 1940 1940 1945 * · Hjalmar Schacht 1877 1970 257
  • 258. · Duff Cooper 1933 1932 * * · 4 19 * · · · · Edward Frederick st Lindley Wood Halifax, 1 earl of 1881 1959 1925 1931 1938 1940 1941 1946 * · Arthur Neville Chamberlain 1937 1940 4 1939 74 6106 258
  • 259. 1917 1929 10 1920 25 30 1917 1924 259
  • 260. 1930 30 1789 20 20 1924 19 260
  • 261. 19 19 261
  • 262. * ·H· · 19 19 19 * · · Frank Hyneman Knight 1885 1972 262
  • 263. 263
  • 264. 20 19 264
  • 265. 19 19 19 19 265
  • 266. 19 266
  • 267. 19 267
  • 268. 268
  • 269. 269
  • 270. 270
  • 271. · 271
  • 272. · · 272
  • 273. 1 1 1. * * * * * · * * · 2 * * * · · George Macaulay Trevelyan 1876 1962 * · · Thomas Cardinal Wolsey 1475 1530 * · William Cecil, Lord Burghley 1520 1598 * · Sir William Temple 1628 1699 * · George Canning 1770 1827 1827 * Lord Palmerston 1784 1865 1830 1841 1846 1851 1855 1865 · · * · Sir Edward Grey, 1st Baronet 1862 1933 11 1905 1916 * F nelon 1651 1715 * · · Emmerich de Vattel 1714 1767 273
  • 274. · 25 * 1787 4 2. * * · · Charles James Fox 1749 1806 * · David Hume 1711 1776 18 274
  • 275. F. Schuman A B C 3 3 F· * Heristal Pipin · De Greef * · 3. * · Arnold Joseph Toynbee 1889 1975 * · · Frederick Jackson Turner 1861 1932 275
  • 276. 1648 1648 75 1648 1713 200 276
  • 277. 3 1854 364 F· 1933 55 A·J· 3 302 H· 1600 1939 2 871 · A· 1920 B· 277
  • 278. 4 J·P· 1939 464 1758 A·S· 1927 567 569 L· D·P· 1919 7 1 A·J· 4 C 142 153 F· 1 2 J·H· 1815 1914 3 L· 1934 1 W· W· L·C·A· 19 1927 E·H· 1919 1939 20 1940 R·H·S· 1939 225 R·G· 1925 265 1914 6 15 R·L· 1929 R·G· 1925 R·B· 1930 313 G· 1942 S·B· 312 H· 1870 1914 1930 335 278
  • 279. W·L· 1871 1890 1931 R·J· 1871 1932 1933 H· 12 J·P· 1939 464 R·B· 1930 23 W·A· 1914 1920 2 H·D· 53 R· 1917 176 R·L· 1929 512 1 2 1. 1815 1914 3 1859 6 1866 6 1870 1871 9 2 * 19 18 * 19 · * * 1853 1856 * · · · John Frederick Charles Fuller 1878 1966 * · Quincy Wright 1890 1970 279
  • 280. 2. 1 2 1880 18 1815 1880 19 280
  • 281. 1948 18 2 3 1923 1925 1931 1933 1923 1926 1936 1924 1926 1936 281
  • 282. 1924 1926 1933 1925 1925 1926 1926 1926 2 4 1918 1923 1918 10 1920 1934 1918 10 1923 1934 1917 1918 1926 1917 1918 1918 1920 1933 1918 10 1919 3 1919 1918 1926 1929 1917 1918 1934 1917 1918 1926 1919 1926 1918 1926 282
  • 283. 2 5 * Rothschilds Bleichroeder 1871 Oriental Railway Langer Sontag Leathes Lysis J·A· J. A. Hobson * 20 20 * · · Luigi Conte Corti 1823 1888 * · Rudolf Hilferding 1877 1941 283
  • 284. * * Earle Remer Viner 4 6 19 19 * 1924 * 1929 284
  • 285. 1 * 1932 13 * 1930 60 Brinkmann 4 2 2 156 * 14 14 3 1932 169 * 1929 * · Richard Thurnwald 1869 1954 * · Bronislaw Malinowski 1884 1942 * · Robert Harry Lowie 1883 1957 * · Sir Raymond William Firth 1901 285
  • 286. Minstrels 3 209 163 4 1926 40 41 * 1936 99 61 EF 1 17 * · Alexander Godenweiser 1880 1940 286
  • 287. 59 2 1935 124 1939 161 Ratcliffe-Brown 303 5 * 484 288 383 * · * · Ralph Linton 1893 1953 * · Ruth Benedict 1887 1948 287
  • 288. 233 6 12 157 39 2 167 106 25 Banaro 1921 378 288
  • 289. 12 107 7 · Carl Buecher 12 206 350 170 268 * 3 146 1940 34 167 8 * · Melville Jean Herskovits 1895 1963 289
  • 290. 106 108 195 5 7 1. truck barter and exchange Buesher Die Entstehung der Volkswirtschaft 1904 109 bonito-hook 290
  • 291. Tikopia 340 2. M· 195 Pirenne 142 125 3. carrying 145 146 109 4. Die menschliche Gesllschaft 3 137 137 Loeb 291
  • 292. 153 armed trade silent barter 20 97 fair Lipson Weber 195 111 5. 212 Herskovits 13 86 292
  • 293. 387 6. 154 107 167 6 108 263 156 238 7. 145 195 293
  • 294. inter-communal inter-municipal 102 8. 15 15 169 700 800 Heckcher 1935 1 129 14 211 9. Hanse Teutonic Hans 10. 13 1 3 15 15 92 Pstan 15 11. 294
  • 295. 1935 1 2 273 1 131 Pantlen Handworterbuch der Staatswissenschaften 6 281 Schmoller 1884 12. “ , ” 139 217 13. 1 131 14. 159 295
  • 296. 1 166 157 4 7 8 1834 1795 1782 1799 1800 Anti-Combination Laws 296
  • 297. Chartists · 1834 Goulds Barings · · 1831 3 1834 30 1816 1846 3 489 4 453 297
  • 298. 30 delayed-action 70 18 40 19 40 · Sir Leslie Stephen · Elie·Halevy Dicey * Schumpeter Mitchell * Schumpeter 298
  • 299. A·Toynbee · Mantoux 1907 1881 18 438 Hammonds 1911 1927 J·H· J.H.Clapham 1 4 war 299
  • 300. enclosures make-wages 1913 1908 Mises 1927 74 1927 484 Nationalokonomie 1940 720 · 1937 19 20 30 extended unemployment benefit dole WPA PWA · 1926 300
  • 301. Acland 1786 2 1752 1784 1788 1788 Applegarth Rob 1790 Belsham Will J Bentham J 1802 J Bentham J 1821 J Bentham J · William Pitt 1797 2 E Burke E 1795 Cowe James 1797 M·D Crumple Samue M.D. 1793 Defoe Daniel 1704 Defoe Daniel 1792 Dyer George 301
  • 302. 1795 Eden 1797 3 Gilbert Thomas 1781 Godwin Willianm 1800 4 15 1801 Hampshire 1795 E E.Poulter 1797 J· 1796 James Isaac 1800 20 Jones Edw 1796 Luson Hewling 1786 . D.D M’Farlane John D.D 1782 H Martineau H 1833 H Martineau H 1833 H Martineau H 30 1849 3 H Martineau H 1832 1834 9 J Massie.J 1758 D.D Nasmith James D.D. 1799 Owen Robert 302
  • 303. 1818 Th Paine Th 1797 Pew Rich · Pitt Wm Morton 1790 1797 Ruggle Tho 1793 2 Sbatier Wm 1797 · Sunders Robert JG Sherer Rev. JG 1796 1799 Field Giles 1797 Suffolk 1795 Townsend Wm 1786 Vancouver John 1796 Wilson Rev.Edw 1795 J Wood J · 1797 ·W Young.Sir W 1796 303
  • 304. W.J. Ashley W.J. 1931 Ph.S. Belasco.Ph.S. · 1654 1725 1925 6 Ph.S. Belasco.Ph.S. 17 Ec.F. 1 275 J.S. Blackmore J.S. F.C. Mellonie F.C. 19 1 J.H. Clapham JH 1 1926 · Marshall.Dorothy 1662 1795 The Ec. Hist. Rev. 8 1937 1938 38 Palgrave 1925 Webb S and B 7 9 1927 1929 Webb Sidney C.H.M. 12 730 765 7 9 304
  • 305. 1914 1918 15 * 1832 1934 1795 1918 * 305
  • 306. 1795 1918 T·H· T. H. Marshall 306
  • 307. * Bullion Report 8 10 1795 1563 the Statute of Artificers * · Arthur Young 1741-1820 130 Mond Plan 1926 1795 * Bullion Report * · Arthur Young 1741 1820 307
  • 308. 1662 1601 1563 · Edward Wilson 5 5 6 5 6 13 308
  • 309. 11 * 1 L·P· L. P. Mair 1935 394 * · Benjamin Disraeli 1804 1881 309
  • 310. F·E· Suan 1933 13 43 99 1937 429 111 Wissel M· 1932 Pitt-Rivers 27 1927 Lesser 44 20 1934 5 310
  • 311. ·H· Mary H. Kingsley 339 50 25 F·E· 43 · Frank Lorimer 11 · John Collier 1942 1887 the General Allotment Act 9000 1934 the Indian Reorganization Act 311
  • 312. * 1795 1834 2 · 1816 146 · M’Farlane 1782 249 250 * 312
  • 313. 19 30 ·S· Charles S. Johnson E· 1939 274 12 1. · 1795 4 · 313
  • 314. 3 50 3 J· Boys 97 3 4 J· 90 10 10 15 10 15 E· Harris 20 J· 86 30 40 · William Pitt 50 J· Howlett 2 1793 2 1 2 1788 1789 J· Harvey V XII 132 1789 E· Holmes Cruckton 196 1 2 314
  • 315. · · Hannah More 2. · Sir William Young 1795 1662 1662 1662 · 315
  • 316. 1795 1796 1788 1795 Nicholson 2 3. 316
  • 317. 31 Geo. III. C. 78 Houses of Industry 1815 30 1792 1813 1834 1 33 · 317
  • 318. Henry Stuart A 1 334 A 1833 Power Cowell J· Mann Pringle Majendie 0.25 1 Okeden /16 318
  • 319. 4. 30 6 6 4 4 12 3 9 1834 1795 1789 · John Howlett 6 6 1789 Henderson 319
  • 320. 1 18 Padiham Ulverston 4 5 H. of C.4 VI 1824 4 Macclesfield · 1834 320
  • 321. Redford 20 30 40 321
  • 322. 111 5. 1837 1845 1847 201 000 584 Bucks 208 000 584 1842 29.37% 16.72% 1843 29.80% 1844 15.26% 1845 12.24% 1845 9.08% J·T· Danson 1839 1847 6 101 1848 6. 1563 1662 322
  • 323. 19 1841 1843 12 628 19 1% 9 1848 9 1% 1.3% 323