World War II: The Road to War

Pre WWII European Map Totalitarian Rule Government that exerts complete control over a nation. Fascism Emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader. Axis Powers Germany, Italy, and Japan Why the word Axis? Governments Each of the Axis Powers exercised totalitarian rule over its people during WWII.

Totalitarian Rule

Government that exerts complete control over a nation.

Fascism

Emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader.

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan

Why the word Axis?

Governments

Each of the Axis Powers exercised totalitarian rule over its people during WWII.

Joseph Stalin Led Russia from 1924 to 1956 Communist government? Collective Farms? What did this lead to? Labor Camps in Siberia? Great Purges? More than 1 million were executed. 7 million more were sent to labor camps. What happened to those people? Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939?

Led Russia from 1924 to 1956

Communist government?

Collective Farms?

What did this lead to?

Labor Camps in Siberia?

Great Purges?

More than 1 million were executed.

7 million more were sent to labor camps.

What happened to those people?

Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939?

Benito Mussolini Led Italy from 1922-1945. Fascist government? Nickname “ IL Duce ” The Leader Wanted to create another Roman Empire. Slogan: “The Country is Nothing Without Conquest.” Ethiopia, 1935? Joined the Axis Powers in 1936. Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Led Italy from 1922-1945.

Fascist government?

Nickname “ IL Duce ”

The Leader

Wanted to create another Roman Empire.

Slogan: “The Country is Nothing Without Conquest.”

Ethiopia, 1935?

Joined the Axis Powers in 1936.

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Adolf Hitler Led Germany from 1932-1945. Nazi Party National Socialist Workers Party. Fascist party? Beer Hall Putsch, 1923? Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Wrote “Mein Kampf” (my struggle)? Aryan Race? The Nazi party dominated every aspect of the country. Storm Troopers (or Brown Shirts)? Schutzstaffel (SS)? Reichstag? Third Reich? Der Fuhrer ?

Led Germany from 1932-1945.

Nazi Party

National Socialist Workers Party.

Fascist party?

Beer Hall Putsch, 1923?

Sentenced to 5 years in prison.

Wrote “Mein Kampf” (my struggle)?

Aryan Race?

The Nazi party dominated every aspect of the country.

Storm Troopers (or Brown Shirts)?

Schutzstaffel (SS)?

Reichstag?

Third Reich?

Der Fuhrer ?

Hitler and Germany Hitler violates the Versailles Treaty and begins rearming Germany. Versailles Treaty? Rearming? Other projects include… Public Works programs? Autobahn? Reichstag? How did Hitler pull Germany out of its depression? Who is this similar to?

Hitler violates the Versailles Treaty and begins rearming Germany.

Versailles Treaty?

Rearming?

Other projects include…

Public Works programs?

Autobahn?

Reichstag?

How did Hitler pull Germany out of its depression?

Who is this similar to?

Hitler's expansion Once Hitler controlled Germany he began looking to take back the lands lost in WWI. Rhineland, 1936? Austria, 1938? Sudentland (western Czechoslovakia), 1938? Munich conference, 1938? Chamberlain and Hitler’s promise? “ peace in our time.”? Did Hitler mean it? Appeasement?

Once Hitler controlled Germany he began looking to take back the lands lost in WWI.

Rhineland, 1936?

Austria, 1938?

Sudentland (western Czechoslovakia), 1938?

Munich conference, 1938?

Chamberlain and Hitler’s promise?

“ peace in our time.”?

Did Hitler mean it?

Appeasement?

Sir Winston Churchill Prime Minister from 1940-1955. WWI veteran Trench warfare? Preparing for war RAF? Royal Navy?

Prime Minister from 1940-1955.

WWI veteran

Trench warfare?

Preparing for war

RAF?

Royal Navy?

Hitler makes alliances… Hitler makes treaty with Mussolini (Italy) in 1936. Hitler and Stalin make treaty. Non-Aggression Pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact), 1939.

Hitler makes treaty with Mussolini (Italy) in 1936.

Hitler and Stalin make treaty.

Non-Aggression Pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact), 1939.

Hitler’s Aggression Order of attack… Rhineland, 1936? Austria, 1938? Sudentland (western Czechoslovakia), 1938? Poland, 1939 Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, France, 1940. Blitzkrieg? Dunkirk? 900 ships carried 340,000 retreating French and British troops across the channel to England. Maginot Line (France)?

Order of attack…

Rhineland, 1936?

Austria, 1938?

Sudentland (western Czechoslovakia), 1938?

Poland, 1939

Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, France, 1940.

Blitzkrieg?

Dunkirk?

900 ships carried 340,000 retreating French and British troops across the channel to England.

Maginot Line (France)?

French Occupation The Germans conquered France in just 6 weeks! Occupied France? Resistance movement? Charles de Gaulle? Vichy France? Collaboration?

The Germans conquered France in just 6 weeks!

Occupied France?

Resistance movement?

Charles de Gaulle?

Vichy France?

Collaboration?

Battle of Britain England stands alone. What happened to the rest of Europe by 1940? Battle of Britain? Who won and why? RAF? Luftwaffe? 1,500 fires / 20,000 English killed / 70,000 injured!

England stands alone.

What happened to the rest of Europe by 1940?

Battle of Britain?

Who won and why?

RAF?

Luftwaffe?

1,500 fires / 20,000 English killed / 70,000 injured!

Japan Japan effected by great Depression. Relied on imports from America. What happened to them? This led to unemployment, strikes, and political discontent! Prime minister assassinated, 1932. Murder of several high ranking government officials, 1936. Who is committing these crimes? Why?

Japan effected by great Depression.

Relied on imports from America.

What happened to them?

This led to unemployment, strikes, and political discontent!

Prime minister assassinated, 1932.

Murder of several high ranking government officials, 1936.

Who is committing these crimes?

Why?

Japanese Aggression Manchurian Incident, 1931? Invasion of China, 1937. Why? “ Rape of Nanjing ”? 100,000 Chinese civilians are brutally beaten and killed. Japan invades French-Indo-China, 1940 Japan creates the Greater east Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. Japan version of the Monroe Doctrine? Tripartite Pact, 1940? Japan also signs a neutrality pact with the Soviet Union (Stalin). Why? Why would Stalin do this? How did this make Stalin look to the British and Americans'?

Manchurian Incident, 1931?

Invasion of China, 1937.

Why?

“ Rape of Nanjing ”?

100,000 Chinese civilians are brutally beaten and killed.

Japan invades French-Indo-China, 1940

Japan creates the Greater east Asia Co-prosperity Sphere.

Japan version of the Monroe Doctrine?

Tripartite Pact, 1940?

Japan also signs a neutrality pact with the Soviet Union (Stalin).

Why?

Why would Stalin do this?

How did this make Stalin look to the British and Americans'?

America America was preoccupied with the depression to worry about world affairs. Congress wanted to ensure FDR would not intervene in Europe or Asia and passed the Neutrality Acts: 1935: banned the USA from providing weapons to foreign countries. 1936: banned loans to warring nations. 1937: allowed trade of non-military goods as long as they could pay cash and transport the goods themselves. Cash and Carry Policy. Who took advantage of this the most?

America was preoccupied with the depression to worry about world affairs.

Congress wanted to ensure FDR would not intervene in Europe or Asia and passed the Neutrality Acts:

1935: banned the USA from providing weapons to foreign countries.

1936: banned loans to warring nations.

1937: allowed trade of non-military goods as long as they could pay cash and transport the goods themselves.

Cash and Carry Policy.

Who took advantage of this the most?

Lend-Lease Act By 1940 most of Asia and Europe had fallen to the Axis Powers. Who are they? FDR Singes the Lend-Lease Act, 1941. Lent 50 old war ships to Britain in return for military bases in Newfoundland and Bermuda. FDR was authorized to send military aid “…to any nation vital to the defense of the United States.” Who was vital in FDR’s eyes? By 1945 the U.S. had loaned more than $49 billion in aid to 40 nations!

By 1940 most of Asia and Europe had fallen to the Axis Powers.

Who are they?

FDR Singes the Lend-Lease Act, 1941.

Lent 50 old war ships to Britain in return for military bases in Newfoundland and Bermuda.

FDR was authorized to send military aid “…to any nation vital to the defense of the United States.”

Who was vital in FDR’s eyes?

By 1945 the U.S. had loaned more than $49 billion in aid to 40 nations!

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 FDR ends all sales of Scrape iron and oil to Japan. Why? Freezes all money and assets in America. What does this mean? Japan sees this as an act of war. Attack of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Dec. 7, 1941 7 am- 9-30 am 2400 dead (1200 wounded 200 war planes damaged or destroyed 18 ships damaged or destroyed

December 7, 1941

FDR ends all sales of Scrape iron and oil to Japan.

Why?

Freezes all money and assets in America.

What does this mean?

Japan sees this as an act of war.

Attack of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Dec. 7, 1941

7 am- 9-30 am

2400 dead (1200 wounded

200 war planes damaged or destroyed

18 ships damaged or destroyed

Going to war… Dec. 7, 1941 FDR asks congress to declare war on Japan “… .a date which will live in infamy.” Dec. 11, 1941 Germany and Italy declare war on America.

Dec. 7, 1941

FDR asks congress to declare war on Japan

“… .a date which will live in infamy.”

Dec. 11, 1941

Germany and Italy declare war on America.