The Ottoman Empire and
Imperialism and Nationalism

A. The Ottoman Empire
Ruled a huge empire

through the Middle
East and Central
Europe
People of Turkish

Descent
1300s to 1800s

Diverse Empire with

strong yet flexible
government
Slaves

Millets


B. Challenges to the Ottoman
Empire
European imperialism and nationalism

of the 1700s and 1800s
Sultans tried to reform the empire to

keep up

A. Challenges to Ottoman Empire
(cont)
Turkish Nationalism

“The Young Turks”

Wanted to End

Western
imperialism
Sided with

Germany in WWI
Bad Mistake…

empire divided by
Europe in the
Treaty of Versailles
Mandates

Greece seized Turkish

Lands

C. The Republic of Turkey
Kemal Ataturk

threw out the
Greeks
“The Father of the

Turks
Ataturk determined

to make Turkey a
modern state

C. Republic of Turkey (cont)
Ataturk’s Reforms

Used Government to build industry

Separation of religion and state

Women can vote and hold office

Public schools separate from religious schools

Began use of calendar and metric system

Replaced Arabic script with western alphabet

Encouraged Western Clothing

Fez

No more veils in public

Supported by Nationalists…Opposed by

many Muslims

C. The Republic of Turkey (cont)
Can a country

modernize and
preserve customs
and traditions?
Turkey

Iran

Lebanon

Egypt


D. Egypt
Key Focus of European Rivalry

Isthmus of Suez


E. Arab Nationalism
The Mandates after WWI

Frustrated many Arab Leaders

Only Saudi Arabia had an independent Arab

Ruler
Importance of Oil

Arabs coalesce support to out the Infidels

Iraq: 1932

Lebanon: 1943

Syria: 1946

Egypt: 1936
