SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 14
Download to read offline
Tips & Tricks for Analytical Reasoning
1
Tips & Tricks for Analytical Reasoning
Reasoning is an important section in aptitude tests and one which all students need to master
necessarily. It is critical for them in order to be clear employability tests.
Reasoning portion checks your thinking capability. Through this section can employer may want to
check how easily & quickly you can solve real life problems.
We intend to make you aware about important sections in which you can score very high if you
understand its concepts & practice well. We are also sharing quick conceptual tricks on different
topics which would help in increasing your speed of attempting a question correctly.
All the best!
2
Contents
Analogy ...................................................................................................................................................3
Odd one out............................................................................................................................................3
Relationships...........................................................................................................................................4
Series.......................................................................................................................................................5
Coding Decoding.....................................................................................................................................6
Data Sufficiency ......................................................................................................................................7
Statement & Conclusions........................................................................................................................8
Visual Reasoning .....................................................................................................................................9
Logical Reasoning....................................................................................................................................9
Some books you can refer to................................................................................................................13
3
Analogy
In analogy based questions a particular relation is being expressed between given words. Analogy
based tests generally assess a candidate’s overall knowledge, power of reasoning and ability to think
concisely and accurately. This section can help you earn higher marks but for that you should learn
relationships which can be-
Instruments & Measurements
Seismograph: Earthquake
Individual & Groups
Man: Crowd
Study & Topics
Ethnology: Human Races
Worker & Tool
Blacksmith: Anvil
Also there exist many such relationships. You can refer a good book and learn these from there.
Odd one out
In these kind of questions, a set of words, names, numbers or jumbled alphabets are given and the
candidates are asked to point out the one which is not a part of the set.
Some examples of variety of questions which come under this section, are as follows:
Type 1: 22, 33, 66, 99, 121, 279, 594
Solution: Each of the number except 279 is a multiple of 11. Therefore 279 is odd one.
Type 2: Endemic, Epidemic, Niche, Rife.
4
Solution: All the other words refer to something which is widespread, except Niche which means-a
position particularly well suited & hence this is contrary.
Type 3 :
Which of the following four sets of letters is unlike the other three? DCKL, MNST, NMYZ, QPST
(a) DCKL
(b) MNST
(c) NMYZ
(d) QPST
Solution : In MNST, the letters are in alphabetical order. In the other three, the order of the letters
will be alphabetical only when the first two are interchanged.
Question in this section are comparatively easier than other ones. You need to attempt questions
carefully to get all attempts correct.
Relationships
In these tests success of a candidate depends upon the knowledge of the blood relations, some of
which are summarized below to help solve these tests.
Mother’s or father’s son Brother
Mother or father’s daughter Sister
Mother or father’s brother Uncle
Mother or father’s sister Aunt
Mother or father’s father Grandfather
Mother or father’s mother Grandmother
Son’s wife Daughter-in-Law
Daughter’s husband Son-in-Law
Husband or wife’s sister Sister-in-Law
5
Husband or wife’s brother Brother-in-Law
Brother’s son Nephew
Brother’s daughter Niece
Uncle or aunt’s son or daughter Cousin
Sister’s Husband Brother-in-Law
Brother’s wife Sister-in-Law
Grandson’s or Granddaughter’s
daughter
Great grand daughter
Typically the questions in this segment are like :
Pointing out a group photograph, R says, “To the right of the man wearing the blue suit is my
mother’s father’s son.” How is he related to R?
(a) Uncle
(b) Nephew
(c) Niece
(d) Son
Answer: He is R’s mother’s brother, that is, uncle
The questions in this section may be craftily worded but may not be too difficult. Hence students
should try and score perfectly in these kinds of questions.
Series
In these kinds of questions, a series of words , alphabets or a combination is given. And then
question is asked on the possible next term in the series.
Despite the fact that it is extremely difficult to lay down all possible combinations of series, still if
you follow few steps, you may solve a series question easily & quickly.
Step 1: Do a preliminary screening of the series. If it is a simple series, you will be able to solve this
easily.
6
Step 2: If you fail in preliminary screening then determine the trend of the series. Determine
whether this is increasing or decreasing or alternating.
Step 3: (A) Perform this step only if a series is increasing or decreasing
Use following rules:
I. If rise is slow or gradual, this type of series is likely to have an additional based increase.
Successive numbers have been found by adding some numbers
II. If rise is very sharp initially but slows down later on, the series is likely to be formed by
adding squared or cubed numbers
III. If the rise of a series is throughout equally sharp, the series is likely to be multiplication
based
IV. If the rise is irregular and haphazard, there may be two possibilities. Either there may be a
mix of two series or two different kinds of operations may be going on alternately. (The first
is very likely when the increase is very irregular: the second is more likely when there is a
pattern, even in the irregularity of the series.)
Step 3: (B) to be performed when series is alternating
If the rise is irregular and haphazard, there may be two possibilities. Either there may be a mix of
two series or two different kinds of operations may be going on alternately. (The first is very likely
when the increase is very irregular: the second is more likely when there is a pattern, even in the
irregularity of the series.)
What is the next number in the series below :
14, 49, 916, 1625, …….
Options: (a) 2027
(b) 2438
(c) 2578
(d) 2536
Answer: The nautral numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……. Their squares are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ….. Each term in
the given series has been formed by pairing the squares of the natural numbers 1 and 4, 4 and 9, 9
and 16, 16 and 25, … Therefore the next term = 2536.
Some series questions can be really tricky and hence a lot of practice has to go into it achieve
perfection in these category of questions.
Coding Decoding
7
In these kinds of questions, certain words, symbols and set of numbers are represented as some
other words , symbols , set of numbers or a combination of these. And then a question is asked for
a similar set.
These questions are also simpler and easy. You need to recognize the pattern present in given series.
You can master this section by putting little efforts & practicing few questions on your own.
In a certain code language ‘SUPERMAN’ is coded as ‘USEPMRNA ’. Then in that code ‘MANAGING ’
is codes as:
a) AMNAIGGN b) AMANIGGN c) AMANIGNG d) AMAINGGN
Solution : Every two letters of the word are being interchanged in order.
Data Sufficiency
This is also one interesting section of reasoning paper. Mastering this section is not very difficult but
meanwhile may not be a cake walk too.
Example 1. In which year was Rahul born ?
Statements: Rahul at present is 25 years younger to his mother.
Rahul's brother, who was born in 1964, is 35 years younger to his mother.
a. I alone is sufficient while II alone is not sufficient
b. II alone is sufficient while I alone is not sufficient
c. Either I or II is sufficient
d. Neither I nor II is sufficient
e. Both I and II are sufficient
Solution: Take statement one & try solving but alone statement 1 will not be sufficient. However
statement 2 is also not sufficient alone, but taking both of the statement together question can be
solved. Hence answer is e.
Example 2. What will be the total weight of 10 poles, each of the same weight ?
Statements: One-fourth of the weight of each pole is 5 kg.
The total weight of three poles is 20 kilograms more than the total weight of two poles.
a. I alone is sufficient while II alone is not sufficient
b. II alone is sufficient while I alone is not sufficient
c. Either I or II is sufficient
d. Neither I nor II is sufficient
e. Both I and II are sufficient
Solution: From statement 1. W/4 = 5 therefore W=20 Kg. So total weight = 200 Kg.
From statement 2. 3W= 20+ 2W, W=20. So total weight is 200 Kg.
8
Therefore c is the correct answer.
To understand various patterns you should practice well & try solving different type of questions.
Statement & Conclusions
This section can be really difficult and actually helps exercising your brain cells. Apart from checking
your problem solving skills this also checks your ability of choosing the correct questions to answer,
because there will be some questions placed deliberately to trap you & will absorb your time.
To believe it or not but there no direct shortcuts or tricks to solve these questions but you can
actually train your brain by practicing hard because that will help you learn various patterns.
Anyways don’t worry that much, let’s learns few patterns & understand how this section can also be
conquered.
Generally the questions in this section are of the following type
Type 1: Statement: In a cricket match, the total runs made by the team were 200. Out of these 160
runs were made by spinners.
Conclusions:
1. 80% of the team consists of spinners.
2. The opening batsmen were spinners.
a. Only conclusion I follows
b. Only conclusion II follows
c. Either I or II follows
d. Neither I nor II follows
e. Both I and II follow
Solution: Now if we calculate (160/200) *100= 80%. Which simplifies the statement into “80%
runs were made by spinners” but that doesn’t conclude that “80% of the team consists of
spinners”. Conclusion 1 is simply to confuse your choice. However Conclusion 2 can be easily
removed as given statement doesn’t talk anything about opening batsman.
Type 2: Choose the conclusion which logically follows given statement
9
Statement: Soldiers serve their country.
a. Men generally serve their country.
b. Those who serve their country are soldiers.
c. Some men who are soldiers serve their country.
d. Women do not serve their country because they are not soldiers.
Solution: Conclusion a b & d can be easily removed as statement doesn’t conclude that only
men serve their country or only soldiers can serve their country. However conclusion b is quite
close but doesn’t include that others can also serve their country. Hence conclusion c logically
follows the given statement because this simply leaves the space that women & others can also
serve country.
While attempting such type of questions you should be very clear about the statement & think of all
possibilities. Sometimes questions are very simple & can be solved mathematically so look for such
questions & attempt wisely.
Visual Reasoning
Questions in this section are comparatively easier. Generally there are 5-6 boxes with some
geometric shapes & the last one is missing. You need to follow the pattern & can guess the missing
one.
Watch this video to get more useful tips:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75kUwEvHyhg&feature=related
Logical Reasoning
For such questions, you can take the help of Venn Diagrams. On the basis of the given statements,
you should draw all the possible diagrams, and then derive the solution from each of these diagrams
separately. Finally, the answer common to the all the diagrams is taken.
Example 1:
Statement:
All dogs are asses.
All assess are bulls.
Conclusions:
1. Some dogs are not bulls.
2. Some bulls are dogs.
10
3. All bulls are dogs.
4. All dogs are bulls.
Solution:
On the basis of both statements, the following one diagram is possible.
From the diagram it is clear that (2) and (4) conclusions logically follow.
Example 2:
Statements:
1. Some dogs are asses.
2. Some asses are bulls.
Conclusions:
1. Some asses are not dogs.
2. Some dogs are bulls.
Solution:
From these given statements the following diagrams are possible:
11
From the diagram neither (1) nor (2) conclusions follow.
There are some logical rules also to solve these problems.
2 statements are given. The statements are known as premises. Premise consists of SUBJECT and
PREDICATE.
Premise starts with
ALL
NO
SOME
SOME NOT
Derivation of answers:
-----------------------------------------------------------
Affirmative Negative
-----------------------------------------------------------
Universal All No
Particular Some Some not
Many Many not
12
------------------------------------------------------------
Middle term: The word that occurs in both the premises is middle term.
Rules for solving deductions (Syllogisms)
1. Every deduction should contain exactly three terms
2. The middle term (term present in both the premises) must be distributed at least once
3. If one of the premises is negative, the conclusion must be negative (will have word no or
not)
4. If one of the premises is particular, the conclusion must be particular (will have word some,
few, many etc.)
5. If both the premises are particular, no conclusion can be drawn from the given premises
6. If both the premises are negative, no conclusion can be drawn from the given premises
7. A term that is not distributed in the premises can’t be distributed in the conclusion
Note: A term (set of elements) in a premises is said to be distributed, if all the elements of the set
(term) need to be known to state the premise.
Other reasoning questions can be generic kinds of questions, which need some basic reasoning
capabilities. An example is as follows :
Q 17. When Seema was asked how old she was, she said, ‘I will be x years old in the year x2
. Guess
how old I am.’ Which year was she born in?
Options: (a) 2025
(b) 1980
(c) 1936
(d) 1974
Answer: The perfect square after 2007 is 2025 (452
). For Seema to be 45 years old in 2025, she
should have been born in 2025 – 45 = 1980.
13
Some books you can refer to
1. The PowerScore GMAT Critical Reasoning Bible by David M. Killoran
About: You will be exposed to number of question patterns & sample questions along with
solving tricks.
2. The Little Blue Reasoning Book by Brandon Royal
About: You can read this book to enhance your thinking capability as this book narrates 50
Powerful Principles for Clear and Effective Thinking.
3. The Great Book of Mind Teasers & Mind Puzzlers by by George J. Summers
About: A great book to develop logical deduction capability. It does not only provide you
with solutions, but shows you step by step how to get there.

More Related Content

What's hot

Mathematics Quiz- for school level
Mathematics Quiz- for school levelMathematics Quiz- for school level
Mathematics Quiz- for school levelShahaziya Ummer
 
Preparation of questionnaires
Preparation of questionnairesPreparation of questionnaires
Preparation of questionnairesJobush Mathew
 
algebraic expression
algebraic expressionalgebraic expression
algebraic expressionsan783
 
Stress Management mcqs
Stress Management mcqsStress Management mcqs
Stress Management mcqsFarah Ulain
 
Algebra equations & inequalities
Algebra equations & inequalitiesAlgebra equations & inequalities
Algebra equations & inequalitiesOurutopy
 
Algebraic expressions and terms
Algebraic expressions and termsAlgebraic expressions and terms
Algebraic expressions and termspanchmahal
 
Introduction to algebra
Introduction to algebraIntroduction to algebra
Introduction to algebraSukkur IBA
 
number system ppt
number system ppt number system ppt
number system ppt Akash dixit
 
6th grade math algebra
6th grade math algebra6th grade math algebra
6th grade math algebragwl10925
 
Data Collection tools: Questionnaire vs Schedule
Data Collection tools: Questionnaire vs ScheduleData Collection tools: Questionnaire vs Schedule
Data Collection tools: Questionnaire vs ScheduleAmit Uraon
 
Constitutional amendments
Constitutional amendmentsConstitutional amendments
Constitutional amendmentspjosephchs
 
The History of Mathematics and Application of Matrices.pptx
The History of Mathematics and Application of Matrices.pptxThe History of Mathematics and Application of Matrices.pptx
The History of Mathematics and Application of Matrices.pptxSamjhauta Thapa
 
Arithmetic progression
Arithmetic progressionArithmetic progression
Arithmetic progressionMayank Devnani
 
Sc landmark judgements
Sc landmark judgementsSc landmark judgements
Sc landmark judgementsKiran Varma
 

What's hot (20)

Simple Equations I
Simple Equations ISimple Equations I
Simple Equations I
 
Class 6 Mathematics
Class 6 MathematicsClass 6 Mathematics
Class 6 Mathematics
 
Bodmas rule
Bodmas ruleBodmas rule
Bodmas rule
 
Mathematics Quiz- for school level
Mathematics Quiz- for school levelMathematics Quiz- for school level
Mathematics Quiz- for school level
 
Preparation of questionnaires
Preparation of questionnairesPreparation of questionnaires
Preparation of questionnaires
 
algebraic expression
algebraic expressionalgebraic expression
algebraic expression
 
Stress Management mcqs
Stress Management mcqsStress Management mcqs
Stress Management mcqs
 
Algebra equations & inequalities
Algebra equations & inequalitiesAlgebra equations & inequalities
Algebra equations & inequalities
 
Algebraic expressions and terms
Algebraic expressions and termsAlgebraic expressions and terms
Algebraic expressions and terms
 
Introduction to algebra
Introduction to algebraIntroduction to algebra
Introduction to algebra
 
number system ppt
number system ppt number system ppt
number system ppt
 
Data editing and coding
Data editing and codingData editing and coding
Data editing and coding
 
6th grade math algebra
6th grade math algebra6th grade math algebra
6th grade math algebra
 
Basic algebra
Basic algebraBasic algebra
Basic algebra
 
Data Collection tools: Questionnaire vs Schedule
Data Collection tools: Questionnaire vs ScheduleData Collection tools: Questionnaire vs Schedule
Data Collection tools: Questionnaire vs Schedule
 
Constitutional amendments
Constitutional amendmentsConstitutional amendments
Constitutional amendments
 
The History of Mathematics and Application of Matrices.pptx
The History of Mathematics and Application of Matrices.pptxThe History of Mathematics and Application of Matrices.pptx
The History of Mathematics and Application of Matrices.pptx
 
Arithmetic progression
Arithmetic progressionArithmetic progression
Arithmetic progression
 
Sc landmark judgements
Sc landmark judgementsSc landmark judgements
Sc landmark judgements
 
Averages - competitive exams
Averages - competitive examsAverages - competitive exams
Averages - competitive exams
 

Viewers also liked

2.1 lbd numbers and their practical applications
2.1   lbd numbers and their practical applications2.1   lbd numbers and their practical applications
2.1 lbd numbers and their practical applicationsRaechel Lim
 
GRE,MATH
GRE,MATHGRE,MATH
GRE,MATHshivgan
 
GRE MATH
GRE MATHGRE MATH
GRE MATHshivgan
 
GRE MATH
GRE MATHGRE MATH
GRE MATHshivgan
 
Quantitative reasoning numeric entry
Quantitative reasoning   numeric entryQuantitative reasoning   numeric entry
Quantitative reasoning numeric entryshivgan
 
Bloomberg Aptitude Test (BAT) Analytical Reasoning
Bloomberg Aptitude Test (BAT) Analytical Reasoning Bloomberg Aptitude Test (BAT) Analytical Reasoning
Bloomberg Aptitude Test (BAT) Analytical Reasoning shivgan
 
Verbal reasoning gre
Verbal reasoning   greVerbal reasoning   gre
Verbal reasoning greshivgan
 
Gat analytical reasoning
Gat analytical reasoningGat analytical reasoning
Gat analytical reasoning6677135
 
GAT Preparation Book - www.NTSforums.com
GAT Preparation Book - www.NTSforums.comGAT Preparation Book - www.NTSforums.com
GAT Preparation Book - www.NTSforums.comlahori_munda
 
Chapter 1 (part1)
Chapter 1 (part1)Chapter 1 (part1)
Chapter 1 (part1)Raechel Lim
 
GMAT Math Flashcards
GMAT Math FlashcardsGMAT Math Flashcards
GMAT Math FlashcardsGMAT Prep Now
 

Viewers also liked (13)

2.1 lbd numbers and their practical applications
2.1   lbd numbers and their practical applications2.1   lbd numbers and their practical applications
2.1 lbd numbers and their practical applications
 
GRE,MATH
GRE,MATHGRE,MATH
GRE,MATH
 
GRE MATH
GRE MATHGRE MATH
GRE MATH
 
GRE MATH
GRE MATHGRE MATH
GRE MATH
 
Quantitative reasoning numeric entry
Quantitative reasoning   numeric entryQuantitative reasoning   numeric entry
Quantitative reasoning numeric entry
 
Verbal Reasoning for GRE
Verbal Reasoning for GREVerbal Reasoning for GRE
Verbal Reasoning for GRE
 
Bloomberg Aptitude Test (BAT) Analytical Reasoning
Bloomberg Aptitude Test (BAT) Analytical Reasoning Bloomberg Aptitude Test (BAT) Analytical Reasoning
Bloomberg Aptitude Test (BAT) Analytical Reasoning
 
Verbal reasoning gre
Verbal reasoning   greVerbal reasoning   gre
Verbal reasoning gre
 
Gat analytical reasoning
Gat analytical reasoningGat analytical reasoning
Gat analytical reasoning
 
GAT Preparation Book - www.NTSforums.com
GAT Preparation Book - www.NTSforums.comGAT Preparation Book - www.NTSforums.com
GAT Preparation Book - www.NTSforums.com
 
Chapter 1 (part1)
Chapter 1 (part1)Chapter 1 (part1)
Chapter 1 (part1)
 
Verbal reasoning
Verbal reasoningVerbal reasoning
Verbal reasoning
 
GMAT Math Flashcards
GMAT Math FlashcardsGMAT Math Flashcards
GMAT Math Flashcards
 

Similar to Tips & Tricks for Analytical Reasoning

Analytic reasoning test (ART) tips & tricks
Analytic reasoning test (ART)  tips & tricksAnalytic reasoning test (ART)  tips & tricks
Analytic reasoning test (ART) tips & trickscocubes_learningcalendar
 
Gifted Children sample test
Gifted Children sample testGifted Children sample test
Gifted Children sample testgiftedchildren
 
How to Pass IQ and Aptitude Tests: Practice Sample Questions and Answers with...
How to Pass IQ and Aptitude Tests: Practice Sample Questions and Answers with...How to Pass IQ and Aptitude Tests: Practice Sample Questions and Answers with...
How to Pass IQ and Aptitude Tests: Practice Sample Questions and Answers with...How2become Ltd
 
· The below items are the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Pett.docx
· The below items are the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Pett.docx· The below items are the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Pett.docx
· The below items are the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Pett.docxalinainglis
 
(7) Lesson 4.3 - Add and Subtract Like Fractions
(7) Lesson 4.3 - Add and Subtract Like Fractions(7) Lesson 4.3 - Add and Subtract Like Fractions
(7) Lesson 4.3 - Add and Subtract Like Fractionswzuri
 
Algebraic manipulation app
Algebraic manipulation appAlgebraic manipulation app
Algebraic manipulation appzebfriedman
 
Dll math 5 q1_w2 (june 12-16, 2017)
Dll math 5 q1_w2 (june 12-16,  2017)Dll math 5 q1_w2 (june 12-16,  2017)
Dll math 5 q1_w2 (june 12-16, 2017)Rigino Macunay Jr.
 
Algebraic manipulation app
Algebraic manipulation appAlgebraic manipulation app
Algebraic manipulation appzebfriedman
 
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 novemberDe vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 novemberlenasour
 
Stage 3 module 3rd
Stage 3 module 3rdStage 3 module 3rd
Stage 3 module 3rdTORJ
 
Math5_q1_mod2_DivisibilityRulesFor3,6And9_v2.pdf
Math5_q1_mod2_DivisibilityRulesFor3,6And9_v2.pdfMath5_q1_mod2_DivisibilityRulesFor3,6And9_v2.pdf
Math5_q1_mod2_DivisibilityRulesFor3,6And9_v2.pdfCharmDelgado1
 
Detailed Lesson Plan on Measures of Variability of Grouped and Ungrouped Data
Detailed Lesson Plan on Measures of Variability of Grouped and Ungrouped DataDetailed Lesson Plan on Measures of Variability of Grouped and Ungrouped Data
Detailed Lesson Plan on Measures of Variability of Grouped and Ungrouped DataJunila Tejada
 
Book for word equations
Book for word equationsBook for word equations
Book for word equationsWYCLIFF AYONGA
 
All Reports Psychological Testing and Assessment
All Reports Psychological Testing and AssessmentAll Reports Psychological Testing and Assessment
All Reports Psychological Testing and AssessmentAsad Abbas
 
Copy of DLL_MATHEMATICS 5_Q1_W2.docx
Copy of DLL_MATHEMATICS 5_Q1_W2.docxCopy of DLL_MATHEMATICS 5_Q1_W2.docx
Copy of DLL_MATHEMATICS 5_Q1_W2.docxGilynGrace
 
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november 1
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november 1De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november 1
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november 1lenasour
 

Similar to Tips & Tricks for Analytical Reasoning (20)

Analytic reasoning test (ART) tips & tricks
Analytic reasoning test (ART)  tips & tricksAnalytic reasoning test (ART)  tips & tricks
Analytic reasoning test (ART) tips & tricks
 
Lesson plan exponents and powers class VIII
Lesson plan exponents and powers class VIIILesson plan exponents and powers class VIII
Lesson plan exponents and powers class VIII
 
Non –verbal reasoning
Non –verbal reasoningNon –verbal reasoning
Non –verbal reasoning
 
UIMO_SUCCESS_08_A4_P.pdf
UIMO_SUCCESS_08_A4_P.pdfUIMO_SUCCESS_08_A4_P.pdf
UIMO_SUCCESS_08_A4_P.pdf
 
Gifted Children sample test
Gifted Children sample testGifted Children sample test
Gifted Children sample test
 
How to Pass IQ and Aptitude Tests: Practice Sample Questions and Answers with...
How to Pass IQ and Aptitude Tests: Practice Sample Questions and Answers with...How to Pass IQ and Aptitude Tests: Practice Sample Questions and Answers with...
How to Pass IQ and Aptitude Tests: Practice Sample Questions and Answers with...
 
· The below items are the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Pett.docx
· The below items are the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Pett.docx· The below items are the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Pett.docx
· The below items are the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Pett.docx
 
(7) Lesson 4.3 - Add and Subtract Like Fractions
(7) Lesson 4.3 - Add and Subtract Like Fractions(7) Lesson 4.3 - Add and Subtract Like Fractions
(7) Lesson 4.3 - Add and Subtract Like Fractions
 
Algebraic manipulation app
Algebraic manipulation appAlgebraic manipulation app
Algebraic manipulation app
 
Dll math 5 q1_w2 (june 12-16, 2017)
Dll math 5 q1_w2 (june 12-16,  2017)Dll math 5 q1_w2 (june 12-16,  2017)
Dll math 5 q1_w2 (june 12-16, 2017)
 
Algebraic manipulation app
Algebraic manipulation appAlgebraic manipulation app
Algebraic manipulation app
 
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 novemberDe vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november
 
Stage 3 module 3rd
Stage 3 module 3rdStage 3 module 3rd
Stage 3 module 3rd
 
Math5_q1_mod2_DivisibilityRulesFor3,6And9_v2.pdf
Math5_q1_mod2_DivisibilityRulesFor3,6And9_v2.pdfMath5_q1_mod2_DivisibilityRulesFor3,6And9_v2.pdf
Math5_q1_mod2_DivisibilityRulesFor3,6And9_v2.pdf
 
Detailed Lesson Plan on Measures of Variability of Grouped and Ungrouped Data
Detailed Lesson Plan on Measures of Variability of Grouped and Ungrouped DataDetailed Lesson Plan on Measures of Variability of Grouped and Ungrouped Data
Detailed Lesson Plan on Measures of Variability of Grouped and Ungrouped Data
 
Sequence Pattern
Sequence PatternSequence Pattern
Sequence Pattern
 
Book for word equations
Book for word equationsBook for word equations
Book for word equations
 
All Reports Psychological Testing and Assessment
All Reports Psychological Testing and AssessmentAll Reports Psychological Testing and Assessment
All Reports Psychological Testing and Assessment
 
Copy of DLL_MATHEMATICS 5_Q1_W2.docx
Copy of DLL_MATHEMATICS 5_Q1_W2.docxCopy of DLL_MATHEMATICS 5_Q1_W2.docx
Copy of DLL_MATHEMATICS 5_Q1_W2.docx
 
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november 1
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november 1De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november 1
De vry math 221 all discussion+ilbs latest 2016 november 1
 

More from Amber Bhaumik

Promising futures for new Engineers
Promising futures for new EngineersPromising futures for new Engineers
Promising futures for new EngineersAmber Bhaumik
 
5 Scientific Ways to Instantly Brighten Your Day
5 Scientific Ways to Instantly Brighten Your Day5 Scientific Ways to Instantly Brighten Your Day
5 Scientific Ways to Instantly Brighten Your DayAmber Bhaumik
 
The Flame In My Heart... Ignite!!
The Flame In My Heart... Ignite!!The Flame In My Heart... Ignite!!
The Flame In My Heart... Ignite!!Amber Bhaumik
 
11 Things To NEVER Say In A Presentation
11 Things To NEVER Say In A Presentation11 Things To NEVER Say In A Presentation
11 Things To NEVER Say In A PresentationAmber Bhaumik
 
Your Mobile Future: 5 Mobile Breakthroughs That Will Change Marketing
Your Mobile Future: 5 Mobile Breakthroughs That Will Change MarketingYour Mobile Future: 5 Mobile Breakthroughs That Will Change Marketing
Your Mobile Future: 5 Mobile Breakthroughs That Will Change MarketingAmber Bhaumik
 
Indian Constitution and Political Communication
Indian Constitution and Political CommunicationIndian Constitution and Political Communication
Indian Constitution and Political CommunicationAmber Bhaumik
 
How are Cyclones named?
How are Cyclones named?How are Cyclones named?
How are Cyclones named?Amber Bhaumik
 
A Glimpse of Indian Jugaad Technology
A Glimpse of Indian Jugaad TechnologyA Glimpse of Indian Jugaad Technology
A Glimpse of Indian Jugaad TechnologyAmber Bhaumik
 
Tips & tricks for Quantitative Aptitude
Tips & tricks for Quantitative AptitudeTips & tricks for Quantitative Aptitude
Tips & tricks for Quantitative AptitudeAmber Bhaumik
 
Dengue Prevention - What you need to know…
Dengue Prevention - What you need to know…Dengue Prevention - What you need to know…
Dengue Prevention - What you need to know…Amber Bhaumik
 
Inspire THE CHEF IN YOU - Samsung Microwave Oven Cookbook
Inspire  THE  CHEF IN  YOU - Samsung  Microwave  Oven  CookbookInspire  THE  CHEF IN  YOU - Samsung  Microwave  Oven  Cookbook
Inspire THE CHEF IN YOU - Samsung Microwave Oven CookbookAmber Bhaumik
 
How to create SLIDES that rock (Presentation Tips)
How to create SLIDES that rock (Presentation Tips)How to create SLIDES that rock (Presentation Tips)
How to create SLIDES that rock (Presentation Tips)Amber Bhaumik
 
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) : Training Report
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) : Training ReportBharat Electronics Limited (BEL) : Training Report
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) : Training ReportAmber Bhaumik
 
Poverty: What does it feel like to be poor?
Poverty: What does it feel like to be poor?Poverty: What does it feel like to be poor?
Poverty: What does it feel like to be poor?Amber Bhaumik
 
Manufacturing Practice - Lab Manual - B.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering
Manufacturing Practice - Lab Manual - B.Tech. - Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Practice - Lab Manual - B.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering
Manufacturing Practice - Lab Manual - B.Tech. - Mechanical EngineeringAmber Bhaumik
 
Introduction to Information Technology (IT)
Introduction to Information Technology (IT)Introduction to Information Technology (IT)
Introduction to Information Technology (IT)Amber Bhaumik
 
Introduction to Internet
Introduction to InternetIntroduction to Internet
Introduction to InternetAmber Bhaumik
 
Internet and Information Technology (IT)
Internet and Information Technology (IT)Internet and Information Technology (IT)
Internet and Information Technology (IT)Amber Bhaumik
 

More from Amber Bhaumik (20)

Promising futures for new Engineers
Promising futures for new EngineersPromising futures for new Engineers
Promising futures for new Engineers
 
5 Scientific Ways to Instantly Brighten Your Day
5 Scientific Ways to Instantly Brighten Your Day5 Scientific Ways to Instantly Brighten Your Day
5 Scientific Ways to Instantly Brighten Your Day
 
The Flame In My Heart... Ignite!!
The Flame In My Heart... Ignite!!The Flame In My Heart... Ignite!!
The Flame In My Heart... Ignite!!
 
11 Things To NEVER Say In A Presentation
11 Things To NEVER Say In A Presentation11 Things To NEVER Say In A Presentation
11 Things To NEVER Say In A Presentation
 
Your Mobile Future: 5 Mobile Breakthroughs That Will Change Marketing
Your Mobile Future: 5 Mobile Breakthroughs That Will Change MarketingYour Mobile Future: 5 Mobile Breakthroughs That Will Change Marketing
Your Mobile Future: 5 Mobile Breakthroughs That Will Change Marketing
 
Indian Constitution and Political Communication
Indian Constitution and Political CommunicationIndian Constitution and Political Communication
Indian Constitution and Political Communication
 
Indian Constitution
Indian ConstitutionIndian Constitution
Indian Constitution
 
Those 20 Minutes !
Those 20 Minutes !Those 20 Minutes !
Those 20 Minutes !
 
How are Cyclones named?
How are Cyclones named?How are Cyclones named?
How are Cyclones named?
 
A Glimpse of Indian Jugaad Technology
A Glimpse of Indian Jugaad TechnologyA Glimpse of Indian Jugaad Technology
A Glimpse of Indian Jugaad Technology
 
Tips & tricks for Quantitative Aptitude
Tips & tricks for Quantitative AptitudeTips & tricks for Quantitative Aptitude
Tips & tricks for Quantitative Aptitude
 
Dengue Prevention - What you need to know…
Dengue Prevention - What you need to know…Dengue Prevention - What you need to know…
Dengue Prevention - What you need to know…
 
Inspire THE CHEF IN YOU - Samsung Microwave Oven Cookbook
Inspire  THE  CHEF IN  YOU - Samsung  Microwave  Oven  CookbookInspire  THE  CHEF IN  YOU - Samsung  Microwave  Oven  Cookbook
Inspire THE CHEF IN YOU - Samsung Microwave Oven Cookbook
 
How to create SLIDES that rock (Presentation Tips)
How to create SLIDES that rock (Presentation Tips)How to create SLIDES that rock (Presentation Tips)
How to create SLIDES that rock (Presentation Tips)
 
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) : Training Report
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) : Training ReportBharat Electronics Limited (BEL) : Training Report
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) : Training Report
 
Poverty: What does it feel like to be poor?
Poverty: What does it feel like to be poor?Poverty: What does it feel like to be poor?
Poverty: What does it feel like to be poor?
 
Manufacturing Practice - Lab Manual - B.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering
Manufacturing Practice - Lab Manual - B.Tech. - Mechanical EngineeringManufacturing Practice - Lab Manual - B.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering
Manufacturing Practice - Lab Manual - B.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering
 
Introduction to Information Technology (IT)
Introduction to Information Technology (IT)Introduction to Information Technology (IT)
Introduction to Information Technology (IT)
 
Introduction to Internet
Introduction to InternetIntroduction to Internet
Introduction to Internet
 
Internet and Information Technology (IT)
Internet and Information Technology (IT)Internet and Information Technology (IT)
Internet and Information Technology (IT)
 

Recently uploaded

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 

Recently uploaded (20)

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 

Tips & Tricks for Analytical Reasoning

  • 2. 1 Tips & Tricks for Analytical Reasoning Reasoning is an important section in aptitude tests and one which all students need to master necessarily. It is critical for them in order to be clear employability tests. Reasoning portion checks your thinking capability. Through this section can employer may want to check how easily & quickly you can solve real life problems. We intend to make you aware about important sections in which you can score very high if you understand its concepts & practice well. We are also sharing quick conceptual tricks on different topics which would help in increasing your speed of attempting a question correctly. All the best!
  • 3. 2 Contents Analogy ...................................................................................................................................................3 Odd one out............................................................................................................................................3 Relationships...........................................................................................................................................4 Series.......................................................................................................................................................5 Coding Decoding.....................................................................................................................................6 Data Sufficiency ......................................................................................................................................7 Statement & Conclusions........................................................................................................................8 Visual Reasoning .....................................................................................................................................9 Logical Reasoning....................................................................................................................................9 Some books you can refer to................................................................................................................13
  • 4. 3 Analogy In analogy based questions a particular relation is being expressed between given words. Analogy based tests generally assess a candidate’s overall knowledge, power of reasoning and ability to think concisely and accurately. This section can help you earn higher marks but for that you should learn relationships which can be- Instruments & Measurements Seismograph: Earthquake Individual & Groups Man: Crowd Study & Topics Ethnology: Human Races Worker & Tool Blacksmith: Anvil Also there exist many such relationships. You can refer a good book and learn these from there. Odd one out In these kind of questions, a set of words, names, numbers or jumbled alphabets are given and the candidates are asked to point out the one which is not a part of the set. Some examples of variety of questions which come under this section, are as follows: Type 1: 22, 33, 66, 99, 121, 279, 594 Solution: Each of the number except 279 is a multiple of 11. Therefore 279 is odd one. Type 2: Endemic, Epidemic, Niche, Rife.
  • 5. 4 Solution: All the other words refer to something which is widespread, except Niche which means-a position particularly well suited & hence this is contrary. Type 3 : Which of the following four sets of letters is unlike the other three? DCKL, MNST, NMYZ, QPST (a) DCKL (b) MNST (c) NMYZ (d) QPST Solution : In MNST, the letters are in alphabetical order. In the other three, the order of the letters will be alphabetical only when the first two are interchanged. Question in this section are comparatively easier than other ones. You need to attempt questions carefully to get all attempts correct. Relationships In these tests success of a candidate depends upon the knowledge of the blood relations, some of which are summarized below to help solve these tests. Mother’s or father’s son Brother Mother or father’s daughter Sister Mother or father’s brother Uncle Mother or father’s sister Aunt Mother or father’s father Grandfather Mother or father’s mother Grandmother Son’s wife Daughter-in-Law Daughter’s husband Son-in-Law Husband or wife’s sister Sister-in-Law
  • 6. 5 Husband or wife’s brother Brother-in-Law Brother’s son Nephew Brother’s daughter Niece Uncle or aunt’s son or daughter Cousin Sister’s Husband Brother-in-Law Brother’s wife Sister-in-Law Grandson’s or Granddaughter’s daughter Great grand daughter Typically the questions in this segment are like : Pointing out a group photograph, R says, “To the right of the man wearing the blue suit is my mother’s father’s son.” How is he related to R? (a) Uncle (b) Nephew (c) Niece (d) Son Answer: He is R’s mother’s brother, that is, uncle The questions in this section may be craftily worded but may not be too difficult. Hence students should try and score perfectly in these kinds of questions. Series In these kinds of questions, a series of words , alphabets or a combination is given. And then question is asked on the possible next term in the series. Despite the fact that it is extremely difficult to lay down all possible combinations of series, still if you follow few steps, you may solve a series question easily & quickly. Step 1: Do a preliminary screening of the series. If it is a simple series, you will be able to solve this easily.
  • 7. 6 Step 2: If you fail in preliminary screening then determine the trend of the series. Determine whether this is increasing or decreasing or alternating. Step 3: (A) Perform this step only if a series is increasing or decreasing Use following rules: I. If rise is slow or gradual, this type of series is likely to have an additional based increase. Successive numbers have been found by adding some numbers II. If rise is very sharp initially but slows down later on, the series is likely to be formed by adding squared or cubed numbers III. If the rise of a series is throughout equally sharp, the series is likely to be multiplication based IV. If the rise is irregular and haphazard, there may be two possibilities. Either there may be a mix of two series or two different kinds of operations may be going on alternately. (The first is very likely when the increase is very irregular: the second is more likely when there is a pattern, even in the irregularity of the series.) Step 3: (B) to be performed when series is alternating If the rise is irregular and haphazard, there may be two possibilities. Either there may be a mix of two series or two different kinds of operations may be going on alternately. (The first is very likely when the increase is very irregular: the second is more likely when there is a pattern, even in the irregularity of the series.) What is the next number in the series below : 14, 49, 916, 1625, ……. Options: (a) 2027 (b) 2438 (c) 2578 (d) 2536 Answer: The nautral numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……. Their squares are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ….. Each term in the given series has been formed by pairing the squares of the natural numbers 1 and 4, 4 and 9, 9 and 16, 16 and 25, … Therefore the next term = 2536. Some series questions can be really tricky and hence a lot of practice has to go into it achieve perfection in these category of questions. Coding Decoding
  • 8. 7 In these kinds of questions, certain words, symbols and set of numbers are represented as some other words , symbols , set of numbers or a combination of these. And then a question is asked for a similar set. These questions are also simpler and easy. You need to recognize the pattern present in given series. You can master this section by putting little efforts & practicing few questions on your own. In a certain code language ‘SUPERMAN’ is coded as ‘USEPMRNA ’. Then in that code ‘MANAGING ’ is codes as: a) AMNAIGGN b) AMANIGGN c) AMANIGNG d) AMAINGGN Solution : Every two letters of the word are being interchanged in order. Data Sufficiency This is also one interesting section of reasoning paper. Mastering this section is not very difficult but meanwhile may not be a cake walk too. Example 1. In which year was Rahul born ? Statements: Rahul at present is 25 years younger to his mother. Rahul's brother, who was born in 1964, is 35 years younger to his mother. a. I alone is sufficient while II alone is not sufficient b. II alone is sufficient while I alone is not sufficient c. Either I or II is sufficient d. Neither I nor II is sufficient e. Both I and II are sufficient Solution: Take statement one & try solving but alone statement 1 will not be sufficient. However statement 2 is also not sufficient alone, but taking both of the statement together question can be solved. Hence answer is e. Example 2. What will be the total weight of 10 poles, each of the same weight ? Statements: One-fourth of the weight of each pole is 5 kg. The total weight of three poles is 20 kilograms more than the total weight of two poles. a. I alone is sufficient while II alone is not sufficient b. II alone is sufficient while I alone is not sufficient c. Either I or II is sufficient d. Neither I nor II is sufficient e. Both I and II are sufficient Solution: From statement 1. W/4 = 5 therefore W=20 Kg. So total weight = 200 Kg. From statement 2. 3W= 20+ 2W, W=20. So total weight is 200 Kg.
  • 9. 8 Therefore c is the correct answer. To understand various patterns you should practice well & try solving different type of questions. Statement & Conclusions This section can be really difficult and actually helps exercising your brain cells. Apart from checking your problem solving skills this also checks your ability of choosing the correct questions to answer, because there will be some questions placed deliberately to trap you & will absorb your time. To believe it or not but there no direct shortcuts or tricks to solve these questions but you can actually train your brain by practicing hard because that will help you learn various patterns. Anyways don’t worry that much, let’s learns few patterns & understand how this section can also be conquered. Generally the questions in this section are of the following type Type 1: Statement: In a cricket match, the total runs made by the team were 200. Out of these 160 runs were made by spinners. Conclusions: 1. 80% of the team consists of spinners. 2. The opening batsmen were spinners. a. Only conclusion I follows b. Only conclusion II follows c. Either I or II follows d. Neither I nor II follows e. Both I and II follow Solution: Now if we calculate (160/200) *100= 80%. Which simplifies the statement into “80% runs were made by spinners” but that doesn’t conclude that “80% of the team consists of spinners”. Conclusion 1 is simply to confuse your choice. However Conclusion 2 can be easily removed as given statement doesn’t talk anything about opening batsman. Type 2: Choose the conclusion which logically follows given statement
  • 10. 9 Statement: Soldiers serve their country. a. Men generally serve their country. b. Those who serve their country are soldiers. c. Some men who are soldiers serve their country. d. Women do not serve their country because they are not soldiers. Solution: Conclusion a b & d can be easily removed as statement doesn’t conclude that only men serve their country or only soldiers can serve their country. However conclusion b is quite close but doesn’t include that others can also serve their country. Hence conclusion c logically follows the given statement because this simply leaves the space that women & others can also serve country. While attempting such type of questions you should be very clear about the statement & think of all possibilities. Sometimes questions are very simple & can be solved mathematically so look for such questions & attempt wisely. Visual Reasoning Questions in this section are comparatively easier. Generally there are 5-6 boxes with some geometric shapes & the last one is missing. You need to follow the pattern & can guess the missing one. Watch this video to get more useful tips: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75kUwEvHyhg&feature=related Logical Reasoning For such questions, you can take the help of Venn Diagrams. On the basis of the given statements, you should draw all the possible diagrams, and then derive the solution from each of these diagrams separately. Finally, the answer common to the all the diagrams is taken. Example 1: Statement: All dogs are asses. All assess are bulls. Conclusions: 1. Some dogs are not bulls. 2. Some bulls are dogs.
  • 11. 10 3. All bulls are dogs. 4. All dogs are bulls. Solution: On the basis of both statements, the following one diagram is possible. From the diagram it is clear that (2) and (4) conclusions logically follow. Example 2: Statements: 1. Some dogs are asses. 2. Some asses are bulls. Conclusions: 1. Some asses are not dogs. 2. Some dogs are bulls. Solution: From these given statements the following diagrams are possible:
  • 12. 11 From the diagram neither (1) nor (2) conclusions follow. There are some logical rules also to solve these problems. 2 statements are given. The statements are known as premises. Premise consists of SUBJECT and PREDICATE. Premise starts with ALL NO SOME SOME NOT Derivation of answers: ----------------------------------------------------------- Affirmative Negative ----------------------------------------------------------- Universal All No Particular Some Some not Many Many not
  • 13. 12 ------------------------------------------------------------ Middle term: The word that occurs in both the premises is middle term. Rules for solving deductions (Syllogisms) 1. Every deduction should contain exactly three terms 2. The middle term (term present in both the premises) must be distributed at least once 3. If one of the premises is negative, the conclusion must be negative (will have word no or not) 4. If one of the premises is particular, the conclusion must be particular (will have word some, few, many etc.) 5. If both the premises are particular, no conclusion can be drawn from the given premises 6. If both the premises are negative, no conclusion can be drawn from the given premises 7. A term that is not distributed in the premises can’t be distributed in the conclusion Note: A term (set of elements) in a premises is said to be distributed, if all the elements of the set (term) need to be known to state the premise. Other reasoning questions can be generic kinds of questions, which need some basic reasoning capabilities. An example is as follows : Q 17. When Seema was asked how old she was, she said, ‘I will be x years old in the year x2 . Guess how old I am.’ Which year was she born in? Options: (a) 2025 (b) 1980 (c) 1936 (d) 1974 Answer: The perfect square after 2007 is 2025 (452 ). For Seema to be 45 years old in 2025, she should have been born in 2025 – 45 = 1980.
  • 14. 13 Some books you can refer to 1. The PowerScore GMAT Critical Reasoning Bible by David M. Killoran About: You will be exposed to number of question patterns & sample questions along with solving tricks. 2. The Little Blue Reasoning Book by Brandon Royal About: You can read this book to enhance your thinking capability as this book narrates 50 Powerful Principles for Clear and Effective Thinking. 3. The Great Book of Mind Teasers & Mind Puzzlers by by George J. Summers About: A great book to develop logical deduction capability. It does not only provide you with solutions, but shows you step by step how to get there.