微软虚拟化技术概览

微软虚拟化技术概览刘冈 2010-12-15

什么是虚拟化？接口与流程相关联存储被分配到指定的地点网络被分配到指定的地点操作系统被分配到某个指定的硬件上应用被安装到指定的软件和操作系统上虚拟化是将某个计算机资源从其它资源分离出来的一项技术。传统的软件堆栈通过虚拟化分离的构件虚拟化会提高资源的有效利用，并使操作更加灵活，同时简化了变更管理。虚拟应用应用到任何有需求的计算机上虚拟存储通过网络存储及备份虚拟网络将分散的资源本地化虚拟机器操作系统可以分配到任何计算机或服务器虚拟展现展现层与流程分离

虚拟化的好处

虚拟化在云计算平台逻辑层次中的地位

适合使用虚拟化技术的企业应用场景

Microsoft Virtualization --- From the Datacenter to the Desktop Management Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization Presentation Virtualization Server Virtualization User State Virtualization Folder Redirection Roaming Profiles Microsoft ® Virtual Desktop Infrastructure Microsoft ® Enterprise Desktop Virtualization

桌面虚拟化技术 --- Virtual Desktop Infrastructure （ VDI ）
VDI 是一个实现桌面虚拟化的关键技术，供给网络用户使用，作为一种部署的模式， VDI 允许这些用户访问他们的运行在数据中心的个人桌面。
VDI 属于是 Windows 的另一种部署模式

适合 VDI 的用户场景

微软 VDI 核心技术架构

VDI Infrastructure Components

Connection Brokering Architecture 1.Connect to MyPersonal Desktop 2.Get Target Machine 5.Return Target Machine 4.Query/ Start VM 6.Redirect To Machine 7.Connect to Machine Active Directory 3. Query Personal Desktop for User VM RD Redirector Connection Broker Client TSV TSV TSV VM Hyper-V RDV Host Agent

微软 VDI 相关产品家族

桌面虚拟化技术 --- Microsoft Enterprise Desktop Virtualization(MED-V)
Microsoft Enterprise Desktop Virtualization(MED-V) Centrally Manage Virtual windows Environments
Deploy ---deliver virtual Windows images and customize per user
Provision ---define which applications and websites are avaliable
Control ---set usage permissions and Virtual PC settings
Maintain and Support- --monitor and troubleshoot end points

MED-V v1 Architecture

MED-V v2 Architecture Policy Windows Virtual PC ConfigMgr Client MED-V Client Virtual Image Windows Client Workstation MED-V Admin Console Export MED-V Admin Console Package Wizard System Center Configuration Manager Deploy Packages

展现层虚拟化技术 --- Windows Server 2008 R2 Remote Desktop Services Remote Desktop Services allows a user to access applications, data and even an entire desktop running on a remote computer over a network. The client access device can either be a full rich Windows personal computer, or a thin client (such as Windows CE device).

Remote Desktop Services Architecture RD Web Access RD Session Host RD Gateway RD Connection Broker Active Directory® Licensing Server RD Virtualization Host RD Client

Remote Desktop Session Host (RDSH) RD Connection Broker RD Client RD Session Host Server Farm (Session-based desktops) RD Session Host Server Farm (RemoteApp)

App-V for RDS RD Session Host App-V Management Server RD Client RD Virtualization Host

Remote Desktop Virtualization H o st (RDVH) RD Client Personal Virtual Desktops Pooled Virtual Desktops RD Connection Broker Active Directory

Personal / Pooled Virtual Desktops Personal Virtual Desktops Pooled Virtual Desktops

RDS Roles Explained Role Function RemoteApp Publishes applications with just the application UI, and not a full desktop UI RD Session Host Hosts centralized, session-based applications and remote desktops RD Virtualization Host Hosts centralized, virtual-machine-based (virtual) desktops on top of Hyper-V for VDI environment RD Connection Broker Creates unified administrator experience for session-based and virtual-machine based remote desktops RD Gateway Allows connection from clients outside the firewall, using SSL, and proxies those to internal resources RD Web Access / RemoteApp & Desktop Connections (Windows 7) RD Web Access provides Web-based connection to resources published by RD Connection Broker. Supports traditional web page, as well as new RemoteApp & Desktop Connections RD EasyPrint Simplifies printing to a local printer, and supports legacy and new print drivers without the need to install those on the host

应用虚拟化技术 --- Application Virtualization(App-V)
Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V) 能够使应用程序不必直接安装在最终用户计算机上便可供这些计算机使用。这是通过一个称为“对应用程序进行排序”的过程实现的，通过此过程，每个应用程序都可以在客户端计算机上其自己的独立虚拟环境中运行。排序的应用程序彼此隔离。这样可以消除应用程序冲突，但应用程序仍可以与客户端计算机进行交互。

应用虚拟化 (APP-V) 与桌面虚拟化 (MED-V ) 比较
What it does
Creates a package of a single application
Eliminates software install
What it is good for
Resolve conflicts between applications
Simplify application delivery and testing
What it does
Creates a package with a full OS
What it is good for
Resolve incompatibility between applications and a new OS
Run two environments on a single PC (e.g. corporate & personal)

App-V 为我们带来的好处

Standard Operating System Environment

The Virtual Application Environment

Side-by-Side Virtualization

Access anywhere
Over the web
Portable devices
Just in time deployment (Click-to-Run)
Installer does not run
Instant gratification
Simple servicing
Update once, deliver everywhere
Users automatically stay up to date
Benefits Of App-V--- Run applications as a service

Benefits Of App-V--- Run applications without conflict
No changes to system
Safely run apps side-by-side
No OS decay over time
Lower migration costs
State separation
Store app state separate from OS state
State categorized as user versus system
User state stored in profile, roams with profile

App-V 的三种架构

How an application flows from native to virtual to the user.

1 - Sequence the application Microsoft Application Virtualization Sequencer Streaming Server Rapidly packages applications by monitoring its installation. The Sequencer optionally optimizes the virtual application package for streaming. The admin has the option to make the virtual application available for streaming or create an MSI wrapper for Standalone Mode delivery Windows Application CD Windows Application Installer Unpackaging Linearization Optimization & Compression Virtualized Application MSI Standalone

Sequenced Application Contents

2 – Publish Application to user

3 – Load / Stream the Application

App-V Sequencer 3rd Party Solution App-V Management Server (content) App-V Management Console App-V Terminal Server Desktop PC Content Server Standalone Mode (MSI) Streaming Server (RTSP) IIS Server (optional) (HTTP) Standalone Mode (MSI) OR App-V client reads on launch, runs app local or via TS. App-V client reads on launch, runs app local or via TS. Sequenced app and place on Content share. IIS Server (optional) (HTTP) Virtual App is loaded into cache and icons and files are available to user. Virtual App is delivered to the client (RTSP/Http/ MSI/ESD). Use 3 rd party interface for publishing to IIS 3 rd party ESD or Standalone Mode. 3rd party (ESD) Use App-V Mgmt Console to import package from Content share, create application, and assign to AD Security Group. Package is available for Streaming , 3 rd Party ESD, or Standalone distribution.

服务器虚拟化技术 ---Hyper-V
Windows Server Hyper-V 为下一代基于 hypervisor 的服务器虚拟化技术，可将多个物理服务器系统整合成在单一物理机上运行的不同虚拟机（ VM ），以便能更加有效的利用物理服务器的硬件投资。亦可利用 Hyper-V 在单一物理服务器上并行执行多个不同的操作系统（例如 Windows 、 Linux 及其它操作系统），同时仍可保证其效率，并充分运用 64 位运算的威力。

Hyper-V 与 Virtual Server 构架比较 Virtual Server 构架 Hyper-V 构架

Hyper-V 与 Virtual Server 特征比较 Virtual Server 2005 Hyper-V 性能 / 扩展性
32 位虚机
Yes Yes
64 位虚机
No Yes
虚拟 SMP
No Yes
虚机内存
3.6 GB/ 虚机 64GB/ 虚机
资源管理
Yes Yes 可用性
虚机故障转移
Yes Yes
主机故障转移
Yes Yes
主机快速迁移
No Yes
虚机快照
Yes Yes 管理性
脚本 / 扩展性
Yes, COM Yes, WMI
用户接口
Web Interface MMC 3.0 Interface
VMM 集成
VMM 2007 VMM v.Next

Hyper-V 与 Hyper-V Server 2008 的区别
Windows Server 2008 提供有虚拟化（ with Hyper-V ）及无虚拟化（ with out Hyper-V ）两种版本。
Hyper-V 是 Windows Server 2008 操作系统的一部分，可以作为 Windows Server 2008 的角色被安装。
Hyper-V Server 2008 是一款基于 Hyper-Visor 的独立虚拟化产品，免费提供。
Hyper-V 通过自带的 Hyper-V 管理器进行管理； Hyper-V Server 2008 必须远程管理，需要在另外的管理工作站上安装 Hyper-V Manager MMC 或者 SCVMM 来管理。

Hyper-V 安装条件
CPU 支持 Intel VT 或 AMD-V
CPU 支持 64 位技术
CPU 支持 DEP
BIOS 支持虚拟化技术
64 位操作系统

使用 System Center 进行 IT 管理 Microsoft System Center 管理工具提供的“统一管理平台（ Single pane of glass ）”机制可涵盖整个 IT 环境，这样组织即可实现以服务为中心的数据中心管理。
虚拟机管理
服务器整合和资源使用优化
转换： P2V 和 V2V
补丁管理和部署
OS 和应用程序配置管理
软件升级
动态主机级虚拟机备份
In guest 一致性
快速恢复
端到端服务管理
服务器和应用程序健康监控和管理
性能报告和分析

谢谢！

微软虚拟化技术概览

by betterit on Jul 10, 2011

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