2004 Esug Prototalk

Prototalk: an Environment for Teaching, Understanding, Designing and Prototyping OO Languages Alexandre Bergel, Christophe Dony, Stéphane Ducasse University of Bern (Switzerland) LIRMM, Montpellier (France) bergel@iam.unibe.ch 1

Outline 1. Prototype OO Languages 2. Expressing Different Languages 3. Prototalk 4. Example: Newtonscript 5. Conclusion 2

Prototype OO Languages • Classless paradigm • A prototype contains its state and behavior • Link between prototypes is usually done using: • Delegation • Composition 3

Different Languages • Self: Unification of variables and methods and multiple parents • ObjectLisp: variables distinct from methods • NewtonScript: two kinds of delegation over two links 4

Prototalk 5

Goal and Design Decisions • Uniformity: same syntax for all the languages • Minimality: minimal kernel to express the most general semantics • Extensibility: new languages has to be implemented efficiently and easily • Usability: integrated in the environment 6

Prototalk • Language represented by a subclass of AbstractProto • Execution of program by sending evaluate: to it • The AST is built using a ProgramNodeBuilder • It is composed of subclass of the Smalltalk AST nodes 7

Architecture MethodNode Prototalk Base selector block AbstractObjectModel eval: context applyWith: args in: context evaluate: sourceCode compileMethodAt: name NodeBuilder compile: codeSource ProgramNode globalVar: varName put: aValue newVariableName: name eval: context nodeBuilder newMessageReceiver: rcvr ... MessageNode VariableNode selector variableName eval: context eval: context Language1 Language1 Language1NodeBuilder variables MessageNode methods newVariableName: name methodOwner: name eval: context newMessageReceiver: clone ... ... Language1 VariableNode eval: context Implementation of Language1 8

Language1 • Language1 is a subclass of AbstractProto • Ability to execute programs • Prototypes are represented by its instances • Provides primitives like clone, addVar: addMethod:, hasVar:, ... 9

Example: NewtonScript _parent _proto • It has a double inheritance: _proto is searched prior to _parent 10

Double Inheritance f := {getX: funct() x, _proto: {_proto: {x: 10}}}; f._parent := {x: 20}; x: 20 f getX x: 10 _parent f.getX() ==> 10 _proto 11

In Prototalk f := {getX: funct() x, _proto: {_proto: {x: 10}}}; f._parent := {x: 20}; f.getX() ==> 10 The same program in Prototalk: NewtonScriptLike evaluate: ‘ f := PRoot clone. f proto: (PRoot clone; proto: (PRoot clone; addSlot: ‘‘x = 10’’)). f addSlot: ‘‘getX x’’. f parent: (PRoot clone; addSlot: ‘x = 20’). f getX.’ 12

In Prototalk t := self methodOwnerInProto: name. ^ t isNil AbstractProto ifTrue: [ parent isNil ifTrue: [nil] ifFalse: [parent methodOwner: name]] ifFalse: [t]] NewtonScriptLike parent proto ^ (slots includesKey: name) slots ifTrue: [self] ifFalse: [ methodOwner: name proto isNil methodOwnerInProto: name ifTrue: [nil] ifFalse: [proto methodOwnerInProto: name]] 13

Conclusion • Platform to design and experiment prototypes-based OO language • Pure interpretation of programs • Pedagogical tool: used at University Paris VI, Montpellier and Berne 14

• Prototalk: an Environment for Teaching, Understanding, Designing and Prototyping OO languages • bergel@iam.unibe.ch 15

Hierarchy of Object Model AbstractProto newEmpty SlotProto slots clone addSlot: name ModifiableSlot method: code methodNamed: name L11 L7 initInitials: slots newInitials: slots L7AndImplicitDelegation L7AndExplicitDelegation parent L11AndImplicitDelegation initializeParent: parent parent close clone methodLookup: name parent son SelfLike addSlot: slot L16 assignmentMethod: code 17

ProgramNodeBuilder Smalltalk ProgramNodeBuilder ProgramNodeBuilder newCondition(cond, then, else) AbstractProto newLiteralValue(literal) newMessageReceiver(object) nodeBuilder newMethodSelector(methName) newVariable(varName) newAssignmentVariable(name) ExplicitDelegationPNB ImplicitDelegationPNB EncapsulationPNB SelfLikeAssignment newMessageReceiver: object newMessageReceiver: object newVariable: varName MethodBuilder newAssignmentVariable: name ImplicitDelegation SelfLikePNB EncapsulationPNB ExplicitDelegationEncapsulationPNB newVariable: varName newMessageReceiver: object newVariable: varName newAssignmentVariable: name newAssignmentVariable: name ObjectLispLikePNB newMessageReceiver: object Prototalk ProgramNodeBuilder 18

Self, ObjectLisp, ... Person Person age=26 age=26 name=Luc name=Luc eat(...) eat=... Student Student num=1234567 num=1234567 grade=2 grade=2 doExam(...) doExam=... 19

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2004 Esug Prototalk

by bergel on Nov 15, 2007

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