High Performance Residential Masonry Walls in the 21 st Century Presented by: Mike Coulton Director of Product Development Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

AGENDA It’s about moisture management Why now? Case study Solution options Selecting the right solutions © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

It’s about moisture management

Why now?

Case study

Solution options

Selecting the right solutions

Introduction Need to incorporate good moisture management solutions Ward off problems – occupant health mold, rot, sustainability Energy efficiency of wall Code changes – compliance © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Need to incorporate good moisture management solutions

Ward off problems – occupant health mold, rot, sustainability

Energy efficiency of wall

Code changes – compliance

Introduction © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Introduction © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Introduction © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Introduction © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Why Now? We’ve been building masonry walls for centuries - why water problems now? Mass walls vs. veneer on wood framing Insulation practices – Energy crisis #1 (1970s) and #2 (2000s) © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

We’ve been building masonry walls for centuries - why water problems now?

Mass walls vs. veneer on wood framing

Insulation practices – Energy crisis #1 (1970s) and #2 (2000s)

Why Now? Brick, stucco, stone walls have always absorbed lots of moisture – very porous Before tight envelopes (insulation and water/air resistive barriers): Winter – dried inside to outside Summer – dried outside to inside © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Brick, stucco, stone walls have always absorbed lots of moisture – very porous

Before tight envelopes (insulation and water/air resistive barriers):

Winter – dried inside to outside

Summer – dried outside to inside

Why Now? Tightened building envelopes are great for saving energy, but bad for “drying” walls out OSB vs. planks or even plywood Water-resistive (not water-proof) and air-resistive barriers © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Tightened building envelopes are great for saving energy, but bad for “drying” walls out

OSB vs. planks or even plywood

Water-resistive (not water-proof) and air-resistive barriers

The Need Preserving the life of exterior framing and sheathing – sustainability. Reducing liability for callbacks, remediation, and litigation costs when moisture damage occurs. © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Preserving the life of exterior framing and sheathing – sustainability.

Reducing liability for callbacks, remediation, and litigation costs when moisture damage occurs.

The Need Complying with growing code requirements: IRC - Wall that “drains” Water resistive barrier requirement State code requirements (MN, OR?) Canadian codes © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Complying with growing code requirements:

IRC - Wall that “drains”

Water resistive barrier requirement

State code requirements (MN, OR?)

Canadian codes

Code Changes / Requirements 2006 IRC Section 703.1 “ The exterior wall envelope shall be designed and constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of water within the wall assembly by providing a water-resistant barrier behind the exterior veneer as required by Section 703.2, and a means of draining water that enters the assembly to the exterior .” © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

2006 IRC Section 703.1

“ The exterior wall envelope shall be designed and constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of water within the wall assembly by providing a water-resistant barrier behind the exterior veneer as required by Section 703.2, and a means of draining water that enters the assembly to the exterior .”

2006 IRC Section 703.2 “ One layer of No. 15 asphalt felt, free from holes and breaks, complying with ASTM D 226 for Type I felt or other approved water-resistive barrier shall be applied over studs or sheathing of all exterior walls.” Code Changes / Requirements © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

2006 IRC Section 703.2

“ One layer of No. 15 asphalt felt, free from holes and breaks, complying with ASTM D 226 for Type I felt or other approved water-resistive barrier shall be applied over studs or sheathing of all exterior walls.”

2005 NBC of Canada Section 9.27.2.2 “… exterior walls exposed to precipitation shall be protected against precipitation ingress by an exterior cladding assembly consisting of a first plane of protection and a second plane of protection incorporating a capillary break ...” Code Changes / Requirements © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

2005 NBC of Canada Section 9.27.2.2

“… exterior walls exposed to precipitation shall be protected against precipitation ingress by an exterior cladding assembly consisting of a first plane of protection and a second plane of protection incorporating a capillary break ...”

2005 NBC of Canada Section 9.27.2.2 (cont.) “… a cladding assembly is deemed to have a capillary break between the cladding and the backing assembly where …there is a drained and vented air space not less than 10mm deep behind the cladding, over the full height of the wall…” Code Changes / Requirements © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

2005 NBC of Canada Section 9.27.2.2 (cont.)

“… a cladding assembly is deemed to have a capillary break between the cladding and the backing assembly where …there is a drained and vented air space not less than 10mm deep behind the cladding, over the full height of the wall…”

Case Study Homes on Philadelphia “Main Line” Built within last 10 years Moisture Problems Remediation © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Homes on Philadelphia “Main Line”

Built within last 10 years

Moisture Problems

Remediation

Case Study © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Case Study © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Case Study © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Case Study © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Case Study © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Case Study © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Case Study Cost to remediate $75,000 to $300,000+ Tear off cladding, WRB, sheathing, insulation, some framing Do all this while occupied © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Cost to remediate $75,000 to $300,000+

Tear off cladding, WRB, sheathing, insulation, some framing

Do all this while occupied

Case Study Costs to prevent up-front $1000 to $5000 © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Costs to prevent up-front

$1000 to $5000

Brick Veneer What can we learn from brick veneer? © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

What can we learn from brick veneer?

Brick Veneer © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Brick Veneer Built with a space between cladding and sheathing Built with drainage at bottom (need to keep clear) Still uses WRB (one layer) © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Built with a space between cladding and sheathing

Built with drainage at bottom (need to keep clear)

Still uses WRB (one layer)

Rainscreens A technique for controlling rain entry in an exterior wall Involves locating an air space wide enough for capillary break immediately behind the exterior cladding © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

A technique for controlling rain entry in an exterior wall

Involves locating an air space wide enough for capillary break immediately behind the exterior cladding

Rainscreens When combined with openings at top and bottom, it creates a pressure equalized/moderated space to reduce forces leading to water entry Water that does enter behind the cladding is not in direct contact with sheathing wall © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

When combined with openings at top and bottom, it creates a pressure equalized/moderated space to reduce forces leading to water entry

Water that does enter behind the cladding is not in direct contact with sheathing wall

Rainscreens The capillary break space – at least 3/16” – can prevent surfactants from damaging the water resistive barrier Residual moisture is dried by air movement (ventilation drying) © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

The capillary break space – at least 3/16” – can prevent surfactants from damaging the water resistive barrier

Residual moisture is dried by air movement (ventilation drying)

Rainscreens Ventilation drying can also assist in removing moisture vapor from inside the building moving outward and from solar drive from wet claddings moving inward (remember those 2-way water resistive barriers) © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Ventilation drying can also assist in removing moisture vapor from inside the building moving outward and from solar drive from wet claddings moving inward (remember those 2-way water resistive barriers)

Rainscreens Brick veneer construction Strapping or furring strips Void space technology (“drainage mats”, “ventilation mats”, “rolled rainscreens”) – 21 st century © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Brick veneer construction

Strapping or furring strips

Void space technology (“drainage mats”, “ventilation mats”, “rolled rainscreens”) – 21 st century

Rainscreens © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Rainscreens © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Rainscreens © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Rainscreens © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Rainscreens The chief advantage of strapping is in material costs – furring strips are less expensive than manufactured rainscreen products Installing these strips is labor-intensive and therefore strapping may ultimately be more costly than void space products © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

The chief advantage of strapping is in material costs – furring strips are less expensive than manufactured rainscreen products

Installing these strips is labor-intensive and therefore strapping may ultimately be more costly than void space products

Rainscreens Strapping covers about 15% of the wall surface leading to trapped moisture Void space products are applied continuously protecting the entire surface area of the wall and providing a level surface for masonry application Combination products provide the rainscreen in same installation step as the housewrap, reducing labor © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Strapping covers about 15% of the wall surface leading to trapped moisture

Void space products are applied continuously protecting the entire surface area of the wall and providing a level surface for masonry application

Combination products provide the rainscreen in same installation step as the housewrap, reducing labor

Applications How is this technology used in masonry walls? © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

How is this technology used in masonry walls?

Applications – Brick Veneer Natural rainscreen Must keep weep system “open” and avoid clogging with mortar droppings Used to pull 1x or 2x board on wires up through wall or pour in pea gravel. 21 st century – void space products at bottom of walls © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Natural rainscreen

Must keep weep system “open” and avoid clogging with mortar droppings

Used to pull 1x or 2x board on wires up through wall or pour in pea gravel.

21 st century – void space products at bottom of walls

Applications – Brick Veneer © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Applications – Stucco, Manufactured/Veneer Stone Create a rainscreen wall with void-space rolled mats Roll out like a WRB Uniform thickness over wall Creates capillary break to separate cladding from sheathing Promotes drainage and drying © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Create a rainscreen wall with void-space rolled mats

Roll out like a WRB

Uniform thickness over wall

Creates capillary break to separate cladding from sheathing

Promotes drainage and drying

Applications – Stucco, Manufactured/Veneer Stone © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Applications – Stucco, Manufactured/Veneer Stone © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Conclusions Walls no longer dry by themselves Heightened concern over moisture liability and changing codes © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Walls no longer dry by themselves

Heightened concern over moisture liability and changing codes

Conclusions Building science agrees that rainscreen wall is best wall system and NAHB recent white paper recognizes. Learn from brick veneer - create a space between the cladding and the WRB/sheathing/framing © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Building science agrees that rainscreen wall is best wall system and NAHB recent white paper recognizes.

Learn from brick veneer - create a space between the cladding and the WRB/sheathing/framing

Conclusions Advances in technology have broadened the range of solutions available to you to prevent problems Upfront cost $1000 to $5000 vs. $75,000 to $300,000+ after the fact © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Advances in technology have broadened the range of solutions available to you to prevent problems

Upfront cost $1000 to $5000 vs. $75,000 to $300,000+ after the fact

Thank you © 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated

Thank you