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Ve r n a c u l a r A r c h i t e c t u r e
Of Gujarat
• In the urban landscape of India, one of the most
  visually appealing spaces is the walled city of
  Ahmedabad, known for its intricately carved wooden
  architecture and the neighbourhood settlements
  of pols.
• Pols are enclosed residential clusters entered by
  gates, which used to be shut at nights.
• The essence of a pol is a network of small
  streets, side lanes, shrines and open community
  spaces with a chabutaro, a birdhouse raised on a
  pole to feed birds in the neighbourhood.
• The word pol is derived from the Sanskrit word
  pratoli meaning entrance to an enclosed area.
• Pols were originally made as a protection
  measure when communal riots necessitated
  greater security.
                                                       Street view of a Pol
    Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
THE ORIGIN OF POL SETTLEMENT PATTERN
• The pol settlement pattern has a rural origin    • One enclosing wall is simultaneously
  prevalent in the villages of North Gujarat. It     the rear wall of a house. With the ends
  is also called khadki type of settlement.          enclosed off, the settlement forms a
• Each house is joined to the next by a              closed unit guarded by a single
  common party wall and many such houses             gateway used by a large number of
  form a row opposite it and two rows thus           families. The gateway is known as
  enclose a space in front, which resembles a        khadki.
  ‘street’ but which is, in fact, a common yard.   • All the families of a khadki are blood
• In order to ensure privacy and security, the       relations or belong to the same caste.
  ends of the common yard are closed off by a      • Every village has a number of such
  wall on one side and a gateway on the other.       khadkis belonging to different castes
  The rear walls of all the houses which are       • In cities, khadkis belonging to different
  exceptionally thick and have no                    castes may adjoin each other and may
  windows, form a continuous line.                   all open into a common street, closed
                                                     at either end with gates. The city
                                                     khadkis are called pols.
    Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
Façade of Pol house
Street view of a Pol




                               Aerial View of a Pol

                      Highly carved facade of a
                      wooden house in a pol in
                      Ahmedabad
Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
Various Façades of Pol Houses
CHARACTERISTICS OF A POL HOUSE
• Pol houses have a minimal frontage on
  the neighbourhood street, which is itself
  quite narrow.
• Side walls of the house are shared with
  the house next door.
• The street façade is heavily treated with
  wooden structural and decorative
  elements,          including      carved Plan of a chowk   Khadkee oatla
  columns, brackets, window shutters and Pol house
  balconies.
• The OATLA – Entrance platform –
  generally a plinth with a row of columns
  which marks the limits of the house on
  the street. used for sitting outside;
                                            Section
  sometimes even for washing dishes and of a Pol
  clothes; In hindu houses religious house
  activities takes place in oatla.
    Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
CHARACTERISTICS OF A POL HOUSE




                               Pol housing




Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
• BAITHAK – the formal reception space
  – used for visitors.
• The interior rooms were not designated
  as living room, dining room or bedroom
  – rather it is very flexible in use.
• Easily movable furniture and bedding
  allow migration from room to room – to    Swing in the parsal
  suit the changing family composition or
  to accommodate to seasonal changes.
• The kitchen, storage rooms for drinking
  water and Puja room usually have
  definite spaces
• ORADA – Central Hall
• PANIYARA – For storing water & grains

    Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
• CHOWK – the Courtyard is the primary
  element of the house.
• all other rooms are built around the chowk.
• It provides the connection between inside and
  outside for much of the house.
• Functions as a light well and a ventilating shaft;
  moving vertically from the ground floor
  through the roof.
• Traditionally, being open to the sky, these
  spaces infuse in individuals – the
  consciousness of nature as well as bringing the           Chowk of a House
  occupants into daily contact with the
  supernatural and the mythical.
• A water tank is usually located beneath the
  floor of the chowk.                                  Access to the underground
                                                       water tank
     Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
• The PARASAL – the verandah space around
  the court; most utilized spaces in the house.
• It serves as a transitional space, between
  interior and exterior as well as public and
  private spaces.
• The swing is hung in the Parasal.
• In the parasal, there is a provision for
  hearth, where the housewife cooks.
• DHUMADIYU – chimney
• CHULHA - FireplaceThe roofs of the pol
  houses are sloping – sheds away the
  monsoon rains and provides loft space below
  for storage.
• Flat roofs/ terraces provides area for drying
  clothes and sleeping outside during summer.
    Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
• On the first floor is the DIWANKHANA –
  the large hall where guests were received.
• The living quarters were on the first floor.
• The second floor had bedrooms, and in
  summer the Agashi (rooftop terrace) was
  a pleasant place to sleep under the sky.




                                                 Artwork over a Doorway
    Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
The wooden door frames and
                          shutters    are    engraved
                          intricately




Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
CHABUTARO or
                           CHABUTRO
                          • Chabutaro – Bird feeder "a
                            stone or wooden tower with
                            artistic canopy over it
                            constructed to feed birds" is
                            a salient feature of the
                            ambience of any pol in
                            Ahmedabad.
                          • There are nearly 120 of them.
                          • The architecture of a
                            chabutaro is different from
                            the rest because it contains
                            intricate carvings and
                            complicated       interlocking
                            system of wood.
Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION IN THE HOUSE FORM
                 Three walls are common, so reduces surface area exposed to
                 the sun. Only shorter façade is open for light & Ventilation

                 Chowk provides porosity to the built mass; also gives a sense of
                 openness.

                    Chowk also acts as vent shaft
                    – which sucks the hot air from
                    the house, providing thermal
Chowk provides      comfort in hot dry climate
more         surface
area responding The balcony and projections act
to the open space as a buffer protecting inner
for      light     & spaces from direct sunlight &
ventilation.         hot winds.
    Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• Even in Ahmedabad’s hot summer, it was
  comfortable inside the house. Cool air
  flowed through the front window into the
  house, taking the warm air up and out
  through the chowk. This cooled the entire
  house.


                                              • Wood and stone used as
                                                materials for construction –
                                                helps in maintaing the comfort
                                                level inside the house.
                                              • Use of jaali provides protection
                                                from hot winds.

   Pol Houses of Ahmedabad

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Pols of Ahmedabad

  • 1. Ve r n a c u l a r A r c h i t e c t u r e Of Gujarat
  • 2. • In the urban landscape of India, one of the most visually appealing spaces is the walled city of Ahmedabad, known for its intricately carved wooden architecture and the neighbourhood settlements of pols. • Pols are enclosed residential clusters entered by gates, which used to be shut at nights. • The essence of a pol is a network of small streets, side lanes, shrines and open community spaces with a chabutaro, a birdhouse raised on a pole to feed birds in the neighbourhood. • The word pol is derived from the Sanskrit word pratoli meaning entrance to an enclosed area. • Pols were originally made as a protection measure when communal riots necessitated greater security. Street view of a Pol Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 3. THE ORIGIN OF POL SETTLEMENT PATTERN • The pol settlement pattern has a rural origin • One enclosing wall is simultaneously prevalent in the villages of North Gujarat. It the rear wall of a house. With the ends is also called khadki type of settlement. enclosed off, the settlement forms a • Each house is joined to the next by a closed unit guarded by a single common party wall and many such houses gateway used by a large number of form a row opposite it and two rows thus families. The gateway is known as enclose a space in front, which resembles a khadki. ‘street’ but which is, in fact, a common yard. • All the families of a khadki are blood • In order to ensure privacy and security, the relations or belong to the same caste. ends of the common yard are closed off by a • Every village has a number of such wall on one side and a gateway on the other. khadkis belonging to different castes The rear walls of all the houses which are • In cities, khadkis belonging to different exceptionally thick and have no castes may adjoin each other and may windows, form a continuous line. all open into a common street, closed at either end with gates. The city khadkis are called pols. Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 5. Street view of a Pol Aerial View of a Pol Highly carved facade of a wooden house in a pol in Ahmedabad Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 6. Various Façades of Pol Houses
  • 7. CHARACTERISTICS OF A POL HOUSE • Pol houses have a minimal frontage on the neighbourhood street, which is itself quite narrow. • Side walls of the house are shared with the house next door. • The street façade is heavily treated with wooden structural and decorative elements, including carved Plan of a chowk Khadkee oatla columns, brackets, window shutters and Pol house balconies. • The OATLA – Entrance platform – generally a plinth with a row of columns which marks the limits of the house on the street. used for sitting outside; Section sometimes even for washing dishes and of a Pol clothes; In hindu houses religious house activities takes place in oatla. Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 8. CHARACTERISTICS OF A POL HOUSE Pol housing Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 9. • BAITHAK – the formal reception space – used for visitors. • The interior rooms were not designated as living room, dining room or bedroom – rather it is very flexible in use. • Easily movable furniture and bedding allow migration from room to room – to Swing in the parsal suit the changing family composition or to accommodate to seasonal changes. • The kitchen, storage rooms for drinking water and Puja room usually have definite spaces • ORADA – Central Hall • PANIYARA – For storing water & grains Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 10. • CHOWK – the Courtyard is the primary element of the house. • all other rooms are built around the chowk. • It provides the connection between inside and outside for much of the house. • Functions as a light well and a ventilating shaft; moving vertically from the ground floor through the roof. • Traditionally, being open to the sky, these spaces infuse in individuals – the consciousness of nature as well as bringing the Chowk of a House occupants into daily contact with the supernatural and the mythical. • A water tank is usually located beneath the floor of the chowk. Access to the underground water tank Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 11. • The PARASAL – the verandah space around the court; most utilized spaces in the house. • It serves as a transitional space, between interior and exterior as well as public and private spaces. • The swing is hung in the Parasal. • In the parasal, there is a provision for hearth, where the housewife cooks. • DHUMADIYU – chimney • CHULHA - FireplaceThe roofs of the pol houses are sloping – sheds away the monsoon rains and provides loft space below for storage. • Flat roofs/ terraces provides area for drying clothes and sleeping outside during summer. Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 12. • On the first floor is the DIWANKHANA – the large hall where guests were received. • The living quarters were on the first floor. • The second floor had bedrooms, and in summer the Agashi (rooftop terrace) was a pleasant place to sleep under the sky. Artwork over a Doorway Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 13. Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 14. The wooden door frames and shutters are engraved intricately Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 15. CHABUTARO or CHABUTRO • Chabutaro – Bird feeder "a stone or wooden tower with artistic canopy over it constructed to feed birds" is a salient feature of the ambience of any pol in Ahmedabad. • There are nearly 120 of them. • The architecture of a chabutaro is different from the rest because it contains intricate carvings and complicated interlocking system of wood. Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 16. CLIMATIC CONSIDERATION IN THE HOUSE FORM Three walls are common, so reduces surface area exposed to the sun. Only shorter façade is open for light & Ventilation Chowk provides porosity to the built mass; also gives a sense of openness. Chowk also acts as vent shaft – which sucks the hot air from the house, providing thermal Chowk provides comfort in hot dry climate more surface area responding The balcony and projections act to the open space as a buffer protecting inner for light & spaces from direct sunlight & ventilation. hot winds. Pol Houses of Ahmedabad
  • 17. CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS • Even in Ahmedabad’s hot summer, it was comfortable inside the house. Cool air flowed through the front window into the house, taking the warm air up and out through the chowk. This cooled the entire house. • Wood and stone used as materials for construction – helps in maintaing the comfort level inside the house. • Use of jaali provides protection from hot winds. Pol Houses of Ahmedabad